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93-638: [REDACTED] Look up bodega in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bodega may refer to: Buildings [ edit ] Convenience store Bodega (store) , convenience stores in the New York metropolitan area Warehouse Winery Wine bar Wine cellar Music [ edit ] Bodega (Scottish band) Bodega (Canadian band) Bodega (American band) Bodega (bagpipe) , an instrument from southern France Bodega Band ,

186-409: A "fax profile" subset of JBIG (ITU-T T.85). JBIG-compressed pages result in 20% to 50% faster transmission than MMR-compressed pages, and up to 30 times faster transmission if the page includes halftone images. JBIG performs adaptive compression , that is, both the encoder and decoder collect statistical information about the transmitted image from the pixels transmitted so far, in order to predict

279-478: A North American distribution company specializing in fresh convenience. Another large chain is Quickie Mart (whose name predates the fictitious " Kwik-E-Mart " featured on The Simpsons ). The world's largest convenience retailer, 7-Eleven , has about 500 Canadian locations from British Columbia to Ontario . Worldwide, the highest number of the chain's Slurpee beverages are sold in Winnipeg , Manitoba and

372-541: A Norwegian jazz orchestra Places in the United States [ edit ] Bodega, California , a town in Sonoma County Bodega Bay, California , a town in Sonoma County Bodega Bay , a Pacific Ocean inlet on the northern California coast Other uses [ edit ] Bodega (company) , former name of Stockwell, an American vending machine manufacturer Topics referred to by

465-637: A cold store, party store ( Michigan ), bodega (New York City), carry out , mini-market , mini-mart , corner shop, deli or milk bar (Australia), dairy (New Zealand), superette (New Zealand, parts of Canada, and in parts of the US), corner store (many parts of English-speaking Canada and New England), a späti (from 'spätkauf' (lit. 'buy-late') in Germany, a konbini (コンビニ in Japanese ) in Japan, based on

558-534: A combination of these, but no household goods) or Trinkhalle ("drinking hall"), although they are not pubs, as the name might suggest. A name used for market stalls and also in some regions for little shops is Büdchen (from Bude , "stall, hut, room"); where no special local name for them exists, often just the equivalents of "small shop" or "corner shop" are used ("der kleine Laden/ das Lädchen / das Lädchen an der Ecke"). Snack shops integrated into petrol stations can also have long opening hours, but in contrast to

651-428: A convenience store are often higher than those at a supermarket , mass merchandise store or auto supply store, as convenience stores order smaller quantities of inventory at higher per-unit prices from wholesalers. Some convenience stores are similar to corner markets, but often have less variety in food. Product containers in a convenience store are often smaller with reduced product quantity to allow more products on

744-861: A day from factories. Since products are delivered as needed, stores do not need large stock areas. According to the Japan Franchise Association, as of October 2021 (data pertaining to the month of July 2021), there are 55,931 convenience stores in Japan. 7-Eleven leads the market with 12,467 stores, followed by: Lawson (9,562) and FamilyMart (7,604). Other operators include Circle K Sunkus (acquired by Family Mart in 2016; now defunct), Daily Yamazaki , Ministop , Am/Pm Japan (acquired by Family Mart in 2009; now defunct), Poplar , Coco Store (acquired by Family Mart in 2015; now defunct) and Seico Mart. Many items available in larger supermarkets can be found in Japanese convenience stores, though

837-556: A desk as a decoy in front of their stores, while offering the same range of products as a holder of a mini market license. There are also many small neighborhood stores, known as toko kelontong or warung . Some are sponsored by a network of stores, mostly owned by cigarette companies (such as DRP by Djarum , GGSP by Gudang Garam or SRC by Sampoerna ) or tech companies (such as Mitra Bukalapak or Mitra Tokopedia ). Convenience stores ( コンビニエンスストア , konbiniensu sutoa ) , often shortened to konbini ( コンビニ ) , developed at

930-423: A fast-food chain maintaining a counter in the store. To save space, food is not prepared in the store. Instead, these counters offer a limited menu of items delivered several times a day from a local branch of the restaurant, with items intended to be served hot either kept hot under a warming device or reheated as ordered. Convenience stores may be combined with other services, such as general stores and pawn shops,

1023-421: A greater number of lines to be coded by MR than in T.4. This is because T.6 makes the assumption that the transmission is over a circuit with a low number of line errors, such as digital ISDN . In this case, the number of lines for which the differences are encoded is not limited. In 1999, ITU-T recommendation T.30 added JBIG (ITU-T T.82) as another lossless bi-level compression algorithm, or more precisely

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1116-462: A lesser degree. Many convenience stores have a beverage fountain that offers coffee, soft drinks, and frozen beverages. Stores often stock fast-moving consumer goods ; items with a high turnover are preferred over items with a lower sales rate. The smaller convenience stores typically have few perishable items because it is not economically viable to rotate perishables frequently with a low number of staff. Smaller convenience stores also do not generate

1209-632: A limited amount of alcohol, newspapers, magazines, slushies, cup noodles, ice cream, hot food, oden , game reload and mobile top up cards. Some also have the service of reloading Touch N' Go cards or ATMs. Most have a microwave oven and hot water boiler to heat food. Some have seasonal and limited food, desserts or special imported products and items, like FamilyMart importing strawberry Coca-Cola from Japan. Malaysia has sundry shops that sell daily items and perishables at lower prices, but unlike convenience shops, they are not open 24/7. Some of these sundry shops also sell traditional herbs and ingredients. Oxxo

1302-679: A niche product, fax machines became ubiquitous in offices in the 1980s and 1990s. They have largely been rendered obsolete by Internet -based technologies such as email and the World Wide Web , but are still used in some medical administration and law enforcement settings. Scottish inventor Alexander Bain worked on chemical-mechanical fax-type devices and in 1846 Bain was able to reproduce graphic signs in laboratory experiments. He received British patent 9745 on May 27, 1843, for his "Electric Printing Telegraph". Frederick Bakewell made several improvements on Bain's design and demonstrated

1395-640: A pioneer in mechanical image scanning and transmission. The 1888 invention of the telautograph by Elisha Gray marked a further development in fax technology, allowing users to send signatures over long distances, thus allowing the verification of identification or ownership over long distances. On May 19, 1924, scientists of the AT&;T Corporation "by a new process of transmitting pictures by electricity" sent 15 photographs by telephone from Cleveland to New York City, such photos being suitable for newspaper reproduction. Previously, photographs had been sent over

1488-471: A precaution, thermal fax paper is typically not accepted in archives or as documentary evidence in some courts of law unless photocopied. This is because the image-forming coating is eradicable and brittle, and it tends to detach from the medium after a long time in storage. A CNG tone is an 1100 Hz tone transmitted by a fax machine when it calls another fax machine. Fax tones can cause complications when implementing fax over IP . One popular alternative

1581-591: A single character. (JBIG implements a similar technique called "typical prediction", if header flag TPBON is set to 1.) Group 3 fax machines transfer one or a few printed or handwritten pages per minute in black-and-white (bitonal) at a resolution of 204×98 (normal) or 204×196 (fine) dots per square inch. The transfer rate is 14.4 kbit/s or higher for modems and some fax machines, but fax machines support speeds beginning with 2400 bit/s and typically operate at 9600 bit/s. The transferred image formats are called ITU-T (formerly CCITT) fax group 3 or 4. Group 3 faxes have

1674-917: A small deli . They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient (hence their common name) supplement to larger stores. A convenience store may be part of a gas/petrol station , so customers can purchase goods while refuelling their vehicle. It may be located alongside a busy road, in an urban area , near a railway or railroad station or other transport hub. In some countries, convenience stores have long shopping hours and some remain open 24 hours. Convenience stores often charge significantly higher prices than conventional grocery stores or supermarkets , as they buy smaller quantities of inventory at higher per-unit prices from wholesalers . Customers benefit from their longer opening hours, more convenient and greater number of locations and shorter cashier lines. A convenience store may also be called

1767-541: A telefax machine. The Pantelegraph was invented by the Italian physicist Giovanni Caselli . He introduced the first commercial telefax service between Paris and Lyon in 1865, some 11 years before the invention of the telephone . In 1880, English inventor Shelford Bidwell constructed the scanning phototelegraph that was the first telefax machine to scan any two-dimensional original, not requiring manual plotting or drawing. An account of Henry Sutton's "telephane"

1860-526: A ticket counter for purchasing railway tickets, a post office counter , or gasoline pumps. In Asian countries like Japan or Taiwan , convenience stores are more common because of the higher population density. They are found with gasoline and train stations, but also can be stand-alone stores. Items such as soft drinks or snacks, hot dogs, sausages and fish cakes can be found in these stores. Delicatessens are absent; instead, pre-made sandwiches are available. Non-consumables such as magazines are also sold, but to

1953-570: A tremendous rate in Japan . 7-Eleven Japan, while struggling to localize their service in the 1970s to 1980s, evolved its point of sale -based business, until ultimately, Seven & I Holdings Co. , the parent company of 7-Eleven Japan, acquired 7-Eleven (US) from Southland Corporation in 1991. Japanese-style convenience stores also heavily influenced those stores in other Asian regions or countries, such as Mainland China , Taiwan , Thailand , and South Korea . Convenience stores rely heavily on

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2046-562: Is R-Kioski , with over 560 kiosks across the country, which are all franchise-licensed businesses. There are some independent convenience stores that use the word Kymppi or number 10 in their business name, which is reminiscent of a former large convenience store chain called 10-Kioski, which vanished around the early 2000s. Kymppi is a spoken colloquial word for number 10 ("kymmenen") in Finnish. Smaller towns often have independent kiosks. Convenience stores at service stations are run by either

2139-412: Is designed to work with VoIP services and often supported by analog telephone adapters used by legacy fax machines that need to connect through a VoIP service. Scanned documents are limited to the amount of time the user takes to load the document in a scanner and for the device to process a digital file. The resolution can vary from as little as 150 DPI to 9600 DPI or more. This type of faxing

2232-531: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Convenience store A convenience store , convenience shop , bodega , corner store , corner shop , or superette is a small retail store that stocks a range of everyday items such as convenience food , groceries , beverages , tobacco products , lottery tickets , over-the-counter drugs , toiletries , newspapers and magazines . In some jurisdictions , convenience stores (such as off-licences in

2325-413: Is not related to the e-mail–to–fax service that still uses fax modems at least one way. Computer modems are often designated by a particular fax class, which indicates how much processing is offloaded from the computer's CPU to the fax modem. Several different telephone-line modulation techniques are used by fax machines. They are negotiated during the fax- modem handshake , and the fax devices will use

2418-563: Is now common for convenience stores to sell fresh French bread (or similar). A process of freezing parbaked bread allows easy shipment (often from France ) and baking in-store. Some shops have a delicatessen counter, offering custom-made sandwiches and baguettes . Others have racks offering fresh delivered or baked doughnuts from local doughnut shops. Some shops have a self-service microwave oven for heating purchased food. Fast food items are often available, with stores offering such food either under its owner banner or in partnership with

2511-430: Is preferable to use depends on factors such as hardware, software, modem firmware, and expected use. Fax machines from the 1970s to the 1990s often used direct thermal printers with rolls of thermal paper as their printing technology, but since the mid-1990s there has been a transition towards plain-paper faxes: thermal transfer printers , inkjet printers and laser printers . One of the advantages of inkjet printing

2604-457: Is still used by amateur radio operators. In 1964, Xerox Corporation introduced (and patented) what many consider to be the first commercialized version of the modern fax machine, under the name (LDX) or Long Distance Xerography. This model was superseded two years later with a unit that would set the standard for fax machines for years to come. Up until this point facsimile machines were very expensive and hard to operate. In 1966, Xerox released

2697-407: Is that inkjets can affordably print in color ; therefore, many of the inkjet-based fax machines claim to have color fax capability. There is a standard called ITU-T30e (formally ITU-T Recommendation T.30 Annex E ) for faxing in color; however, it is not widely supported, so many of the color fax machines can only fax in color to machines from the same manufacturer. Stroke speed in facsimile systems

2790-1107: Is the largest chain in the country, with more than 15,000 stores around the country. Other convenience stores, such as Tiendas Extra , 7-Eleven , SuperCity , ampm , and Circle K , are also found in Mexico . The first convenience store in the country, Super 7 (now a 7-Eleven), was opened in 1976 in Monterrey , Nuevo León . There are also some regional chains, like Amigo Express and CB Mas, that operate in Comarca Lagunera , Super Q and El Matador in Queretaro , Coyote in central Mexico, Kiosko in Colima and some locations in nearby states, and JV in northeastern Mexico. Stores sell fast food like coffee , hot dogs , nachos and prepaid cellphones between MXN$ 20 and MXN$ 500, mainly Telcel and Movistar , newspapers , magazines , and Panini products and other novelties. Fax Initially

2883-401: Is the rate at which a fixed line perpendicular to the direction of scanning is crossed in one direction by a scanning or recording spot . Stroke speed is usually expressed as a number of strokes per minute. When the fax system scans in both directions, the stroke speed is twice this number. In most conventional 20th century mechanical systems, the stroke speed is equivalent to drum speed. As

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2976-509: Is their extended hours of operation. Many are open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The majority of convenience stores in Australia are small businesses, being either independently owned or operated under franchise or licence agreement. The industry comprises over 6,000 stores and employs well over 40,000 people as of mid-2018. The Australian convenience channel merchandise sales are valued at $ 8.4 billion (excluding petrol sales) according to

3069-468: Is to prevent errors propagating throughout the whole fax, as the standard does not provide for error correction. This is an optional facility, and some fax machines do not use MR in order to minimise the amount of computation required by the machine. The limited number of lines is 2 for "Standard"-resolution faxes, and 4 for "Fine"-resolution faxes. The ITU-T T.6 recommendation adds a further compression type of Modified Modified READ (MMR), which simply allows

3162-402: Is to subscribe to an Internet fax service, allowing users to send and receive faxes from their personal computers using an existing email account . No software, fax server or fax machine is needed. Faxes are received as attached TIFF or PDF files, or in proprietary formats that require the use of the service provider's software. Faxes can be sent or retrieved from anywhere at any time that

3255-504: The suffix .g3 and the MIME type image/g3fax . The most basic fax mode transfers in black and white only. The original page is scanned in a resolution of 1728 pixels /line and 1145 lines/page (for A4 ). The resulting raw data is compressed using a modified Huffman code optimized for written text, achieving average compression factors of around 20. Typically a page needs 10 s for transmission, instead of about three minutes for

3348-647: The 1900s, and there are many of those stores in every neighbourhood. In the 2010s, modern convenience stores were introduced, mainly by the AMPM company. Competitors launched brands such as Musmanni Mini Super (a chain of bakery stores promoted to convenience stores), Vindi (operated by AutoMercado supermarket company) and Fresh Market (operated by AMPM in a format appealing to prosperous neighborhoods). In Finland , convenience stores are referred to as kiosks, except for those found inside service stations, which are referred to simply as stores. The biggest convenience store chain

3441-680: The AACS State of the Industry Report 2017. Australia has a flourishing convenience industry with a number of well-known convenience brands including: 7-Eleven, Ampol, NightOwl, Ezymart, BP, APCO, Coles Express, On The Run, Viva Energy, Freedom Fuels and Puma. Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc., which operates Couche-Tard, Provi-Soir, Dépanneur 7, Circle K , Mac's , Winks, and Becker's , is the largest convenience store chain in Canada and receives its products through Core-Mark International ,

3534-653: The English loanword 'convenience', dépanneur or dep (used in Canada, primarily Quebec , in both English and French. It is a loanword from the French 'troubleshooter'). Various types include, for example, liquor stores ( off-licences -offices), mini-markets (mini-marts), general stores or party stores. Typically confectionery (sweets, ice cream, soft drinks), lottery tickets, newspapers and magazines are sold, although merchandise varies widely from store to store. Unless

3627-468: The French-speaking province of Quebec , a convenience store is known as a " dépanneur " or "dep" for short, even among some when speaking in English. Chilean convenience stores are typically found at gas stations in most urban and near-urban areas on highways. Examples include Punto/Pronto (owned by Copec ), Spacio 1 ( Petrobras , formerly called Tigermarket and On The Run before Esso Chile

3720-521: The Magnafax Telecopiers, a smaller, 46 lb (21 kg) facsimile machine. This unit was far easier to operate and could be connected to any standard telephone line. This machine was capable of transmitting a letter-sized document in about six minutes. The first sub-minute, digital fax machine was developed by Dacom , which built on digital data compression technology originally developed at Lockheed for satellite communication. By

3813-599: The NHS, was engaged in a process of removing its fax machines in early 2019. This involved quite a lot of e-fax solutions because of the need to communicate with pharmacies and nursing homes which may not have access to the NHS email system and may need something in their paper records. In 2018 two-thirds of Canadian doctors reported that they primarily used fax machines to communicate with other doctors. Faxes are still seen as safer and more secure and electronic systems are often unable to communicate with each other. Hospitals are

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3906-403: The T.85 "fax profile": A proprietary compression scheme employed on Panasonic fax machines is Matsushita Whiteline Skip (MWS). It can be overlaid on the other compression schemes, but is operative only when two Panasonic machines are communicating with one another. This system detects the blank scanned areas between lines of text, and then compresses several blank scan lines into the data space of

3999-528: The UK) are licensed to sell alcoholic drinks , although many other jurisdictions limit such beverages to those with relatively low alcohol content, like beer and wine . The stores may also offer money order and wire transfer services, along with the use of a fax machine or photocopier for a small per-copy cost. Some also sell tickets or recharge smart cards, e.g. Opus cards in Montreal , Canada, or include

4092-436: The United States it is one per 8,000 people. Another contributing factor to the widespread proliferation of convenience stores is that, because Japan has a lower crime rate, store owners are not reluctant to keep stores open at late hours in the night and customers are not reluctant to shop during those times. In Malaysia , 7-Eleven is the market leader in convenience shops, with over 2,000 shops. Other convenience shops in

4185-432: The advantage of reducing costs by eliminating unnecessary printouts and reducing the number of inbound analog phone lines needed by an office. The once ubiquitous fax machine has also begun to disappear from the small office and home office environments. Remotely hosted fax-server services are widely available from VoIP and e-mail providers allowing users to send and receive faxes using their existing e-mail accounts without

4278-475: The business needed to sustain food spoilage rates typical of grocery stores or supermarkets . As such, products with a long shelf life are the rule, unless a product is specifically aimed at attracting customers on the chance they may buy something profitable, too. Although larger, newer convenience stores may have a wide range of items, the selection is still limited compared to supermarkets, and in many stores only one or two choices are available. Prices in

4371-536: The checkout, the consumer receives a unique transaction code with an expiration date. Depending on the brand (i.e. 7–11 is slightly different from Family Mart), consumers will have to go to any convenience store and finalise the purchase, which can be either at the cashier or at the kiosk. Multiple providers offer konbini as checkout option for foreign companies selling online in Japan, such as Adyen , Degica and Ingenico ePayments. In 1974, Japan had 1,000 convenience stores. In 1996, Japan had 47,000 convenience stores and

4464-615: The city has been awarded the title of the "Slurpee Capital of the World" for many years running. Marketing itself as "more than just a convenience store", there are over 260 Hasty Market locations throughout Ontario and one in British Columbia . In addition to chain convenience stores, there are also many independently owned convenience stores in Canada. Convenience stores are also commonly referred to as "corner stores", "mini-marts" or "variety stores" in some regions of Canada. In

4557-534: The city. It also eases the burden of families. Many Malaysians also enjoy the seasonal food that these stores provide. These stores can be found almost anywhere, especially in areas with a higher population density, such as city centres, condominiums, apartment complexes, office areas, residential areas, shop lots and petrol stations, although the store density is as high as Taiwan or Japan. Items sold at such convenience shops usually range from pre-made local food like nasi lemak, onigiri, buns, snacks, toiletries, drinks,

4650-423: The corner", due to many Arabic-speaking immigrants form Northwest Africa who work in this sector of the economy. These shops often stay open later than the "épiceries" or groceries, even on public holidays. Shop owners consider the name improper, especially those who come from other ethnic groups, including Imazighen . (See Arabe du coin for more details on their ethnic origins.) Berliners lovingly refer to

4743-593: The country are myNEWS.com , 99 Speedmart , KK Super Mart , Quick and Easy and MyMart (owned by Mydin ). FamilyMart is also found in Malaysia and as of July 2020, has opened its 200th store in Malaysia with the goal of opening 1,000 stores by 2025, bringing the 'konbini' concept to Malaysia. CU 147SHOPS & E-MART25 Convenience stores are very popular among Malaysians, especially urban dwellers in Kuala Lumpur or other populated towns like Penang where

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4836-417: The country with around 22,000 and 18,000 stores in 2023, respectively. Foreign chains like Family Mart , Circle K or Lawson , on the other hand, have their stores in big cities and cater to a specific lifestyle instead of focusing on "convenience". To be classified as a convenience store, the store should occupy no more than 100 square meters (1,100 sq ft) of service area; in some local residences,

4929-597: The dashboard of Western Union 's "Telecar" telegram delivery vehicles. In the 1960s, the United States Army transmitted the first photograph via satellite facsimile to Puerto Rico from the Deal Test Site using the Courier satellite . Radio fax is still in limited use today for transmitting weather charts and information to ships at sea. The closely related technology of slow-scan television

5022-598: The digital revolution has largely bypassed it. In June 2018 the Labour Party said that the NHS had at least 11,620 fax machines in operation and in December the Department of Health and Social Care said that no more fax machines could be bought from 2019 and that the existing ones must be replaced by secure email by March 31, 2020. Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , generally viewed as digitally advanced in

5115-403: The fax machines to transfer the image. The two methods defined in T.4 are: An additional method is specified in T.6: Later, other compression techniques were added as options to ITU-T recommendation T.30, such as the more efficient JBIG (T.82, T.85) for bi-level content, and JPEG (T.81), T.43, MRC (T.44), and T.45 for grayscale, palette, and colour content. Fax machines can negotiate at

5208-483: The first photo picture reproduced by transoceanic radio facsimile. Commercial use of Ranger's product began two years later. Also in 1924, Herbert E. Ives of AT&T transmitted and reconstructed the first color facsimile, a natural-color photograph of silent film star Rudolph Valentino in period costume, using red, green and blue color separations. Beginning in the late 1930s, the Finch Facsimile system

5301-434: The first scanned line using MH. The next line is compared to the first, the differences determined, and then the differences are encoded and transmitted. This is effective, as most lines differ little from their predecessor. This is not continued to the end of the fax transmission, but only for a limited number of lines until the process is reset, and a new "first line" encoded with MH is produced. This limited number of lines

5394-508: The highest data rate that both fax devices support, usually a minimum of 14.4 kbit/s for Group 3 fax. "Super Group 3" faxes use V.34bis modulation that allows a data rate of up to 33.6 kbit/s. As well as specifying the resolution (and allowable physical size) of the image being faxed, the ITU-T ;T.4 recommendation specifies two compression methods for decreasing the amount of data that needs to be transmitted between

5487-401: The importance of creating destinations within the store that require additional space—whether coffee islands, food service areas with seating, or financial services kiosks. Convenience stores have expanded their offerings over the last few years, with stores becoming a part-supermarket, restaurant, gas station and even a bank or drug store. In the United States, convenience stores are sometimes

5580-446: The late 1970s, many companies around the world (especially Japanese firms) had entered the fax market. Very shortly after this, a new wave of more compact, faster and efficient fax machines would hit the market. Xerox continued to refine the fax machine for years after their ground-breaking first machine. In later years it would be combined with copier equipment to create the hybrid machines we have today that copy, scan and fax. Some of

5673-491: The leading users for fax machines in the United States where some doctors prefer fax machines over emails, often due to concerns about accidentally violating HIPAA . There are several indicators of fax capabilities: group, class, data transmission rate, and conformance with ITU-T (formerly CCITT ) recommendations. Since the 1968 Carterfone decision , most fax machines have been designed to connect to standard PSTN lines and telephone numbers. Group 1 and 2 faxes are sent in

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5766-525: The lesser known capabilities of the Xerox fax technologies included their Ethernet enabled Fax Services on their 8000 workstations in the early 1980s. Prior to the introduction of the ubiquitous fax machine, one of the first being the Exxon Qwip in the mid-1970s, facsimile machines worked by optical scanning of a document or drawing spinning on a drum. The reflected light, varying in intensity according to

5859-417: The light and dark areas of the document, was focused on a photocell so that the current in a circuit varied with the amount of light. This current was used to control a tone generator (a modulator ), the current determining the frequency of the tone produced. This audio tone was then transmitted using an acoustic coupler (a speaker, in this case) attached to the microphone of a common telephone handset . At

5952-451: The limit is 250 square meters (2,700 sq ft). The Indonesian government also regulates the convenience store license process, so it can only be bought by franchisees, using a different name and different brand, or classifying it as cafeteria . A convenience store with a cafeteria license is only allowed to sell a maximum 10% of its service space for non-food/beverages product. This type of convenience store often puts lawn chairs and

6045-452: The more probable pixel is then encountered. The ITU-T T.85 "fax profile" constrains some optional features of the full JBIG standard, such that codecs do not have to keep data about more than the last three pixel rows of an image in memory at any time. This allows the streaming of "endless" images, where the height of the image may not be known until the last row is transmitted. ITU-T T.30 allows fax machines to negotiate one of two options of

6138-674: The nearest traditional market. This allows traditional markets to continue selling local goods, but also greatly lowers the opportunities for profit by those who seek to build or own a convenience store by reducing the eligibility of property to be developed into a convenience store. This is especially true in small towns and rural areas. As a result, convenience stores in rural areas are often built side-by-side or at maximum within 50 meters (160 ft) of each other. The two major national convenience store chains in Indonesia are Indomaret and Alfamart , both of which serve almost all areas within

6231-512: The need for any hardware or dedicated fax lines. Personal computers have also long been able to handle incoming and outgoing faxes using analog modems or ISDN , eliminating the need for a stand-alone fax machine. These solutions are often ideally suited for users who only very occasionally need to use fax services. In July 2017 the United Kingdom's National Health Service was said to be the world's largest purchaser of fax machines because

6324-489: The neighbourhood Späti -type shops, petrol station shops nowadays are usually part of large retail chains. " Tante-Emma-Laden  [ de ] " (aunt-Emma-shop) is used as a nostalgic term for old-fashioned general stores (typically family owned), the historic predecessors of modern discounters and supermarkets which they were replaced by (similar to mom-and-pop stores). In India , "mom-and-pop" convenience stores are called kirana stores and constitute part of

6417-494: The number was increasing by 1,500 annually. Peter Landers of the Associated Press said that the computerised distribution system allows Japanese convenience stores to stock a wider variety of products, allowing them to be more competitive in the marketplace. Because of this technology and the consequent ease of maintaining the right amount of stock, Japan can support one convenience store for every 2,000 people, while in

6510-599: The only businesses near an interstate highway exit where drivers can buy any kind of food or drink for miles. Most of the profit margin from these stores comes from beer, liquor and cigarettes. Although those three categories themselves usually yield lower margins per item, the sales volume in them generally compensates for it. Profits per item are much higher on deli items (bags of ice, chicken, etc.), but sales are generally lower. In some countries, convenience stores have longer shopping hours , some being open 24 hours. The Australasian Association of Convenience Stores (AACS),

6603-1172: The outlet is a liquor store , the range of alcoholic beverages is likely to be limited (i.e. beer and wine) or non-existent. Most stores sell cigarettes and other tobacco products (e.g. cigarette papers , pipe tobacco, cigars and e-liquid for e-cigarettes ). In many North American jurisdictions, tobacco products comprise the greatest portion of gross sales at convenience stores, between 25% and 35%. Varying degrees of food and grocery supplies are usually available, from household products to prepackaged foods like sandwiches and frozen burritos . Automobile-related items—such as motor oil, maps and car kits—may be sold. Often toiletries and other hygiene products are stocked, as well as sanitary products and contraception . Stores may carry apparel, home furnishings, CDs, and DVDs. Some stores offer money orders and wire transfer services. They may carry small appliances, as well as other household items such as coolers and backpacks. Convenience stores have also been known to carry candles, stationery, artwork, and crockery. Many convenience shops offer ready-to-eat food, such as breakfast sandwiches and fry-ups. Throughout Europe , it

6696-621: The peak body for Australian convenience stores, defines a convenience store as a "retail business with the primary emphasis placed on providing the public with a convenient location to quickly purchase from an array of consumable products, predominantly food and beverages, services as well as petrol." The product mix includes: food to go, beverages, dispensed/barista coffee, snacks (including confectionery), tobacco, basic groceries, ice, petrol and carwash. Stores may offer services such as ATMs, "click & collect", gas bottle exchange, money transfer and lottery tickets. A key feature of convenience stores

6789-489: The point of sale. Customers' ages and gender, as well as tomorrow's weather forecast, are important data. Stores place all orders online. As store floor space is limited, they must be careful in choosing what brands to sell. In many cases, several stores from the same chain do business in neighboring areas. This strategy makes distribution to each store cheaper, as well as making multiple deliveries per day possible. Generally, food goods are delivered to each store two to five times

6882-503: The population density is higher. Its 24/7 policy allows Malaysians to have easy access to necessities or as an alternative hang-out area, especially since Malaysians love to go out for midnight supper at mamaks and eateries that also open late at night, as more and more Malaysians are beginning to work or go out late. The availability of fresh hot food or cold premade food is popular among young workers with less time to prepare food for themselves, as many have irregular work hours, especially in

6975-419: The probability for each next pixel being either black or white. For each new pixel, JBIG looks at ten nearby, previously transmitted pixels. It counts, how often in the past the next pixel has been black or white in the same neighborhood, and estimates from that the probability distribution of the next pixel. This is fed into an arithmetic coder , which adds only a small fraction of a bit to the output sequence if

7068-618: The radio using this process. The Western Union "Deskfax" fax machine, announced in 1948, was a compact machine that fit comfortably on a desktop, using special spark printer paper. As a designer for the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in 1924, Richard H. Ranger invented the wireless photoradiogram, or transoceanic radio facsimile , the forerunner of today's "fax" machines. A photograph of President Calvin Coolidge sent from New York to London on November 29, 1924, became

7161-566: The receiving end, a handset's speaker was attached to an acoustic coupler (a microphone), and a demodulator converted the varying tone into a variable current that controlled the mechanical movement of a pen or pencil to reproduce the image on a blank sheet of paper on an identical drum rotating at the same rate. In 1985, Hank Magnuski , founder of GammaLink , produced the first computer fax board, called GammaFax . Such boards could provide voice telephony via Analog Expansion Bus . Although businesses usually maintain some kind of fax capability,

7254-477: The same manner as a frame of analog television , with each scanned line transmitted as a continuous analog signal. Horizontal resolution depended upon the quality of the scanner, transmission line, and the printer. Analog fax machines are obsolete and no longer manufactured. ITU-T Recommendations T.2 and T.3 were withdrawn as obsolete in July 1996. A major breakthrough in the development of the modern facsimile system

7347-448: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bodega . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bodega&oldid=1219408129 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

7440-557: The same uncompressed raw data of 1728×1145 bits at a speed of 9600 bit/s. The compression method uses a Huffman codebook for run lengths of black and white runs in a single scanned line, and it can also use the fact that two adjacent scanlines are usually quite similar, saving bandwidth by encoding only the differences. Fax classes denote the way fax programs interact with fax hardware. Available classes include Class 1, Class 2, Class 2.0 and 2.1, and Intel CAS. Many modems support at least class 1 and often either Class 2 or Class 2.0. Which

7533-686: The selection is usually smaller. As well, the following additional services are also commonly available: Some stores also sell charging service for electronic money and ATM services for credit card or consumer finance . Items not commonly sold include: Slurpees , lottery tickets, car supplies and gasoline . Konbini also offer customers the option of making konbini payments (often also referred to as just konbini ), an offline payment solution that allows customers without credit or debit cards to make online purchases. A consumer can buy online services or goods, such as video games on Steam or tickets for events. By selecting konbini as payment method at

7626-763: The slightly re-sized content of the sent fax in the electronic confirmation-slip, in A4 paper size. Use of fax machines for reporting cases during the COVID-19 pandemic has been criticised in Japan for introducing data errors and delays in reporting, slowing response efforts to contain the spread of infections and hindering the transition to remote work . In many corporate environments, freestanding fax machines have been replaced by fax servers and other computerized systems capable of receiving and storing incoming faxes electronically, and then routing them to users on paper or via an email (which may be secured). Such systems have

7719-594: The small neighbourhood shops with late opening times found throughout the city (often operated by families with immigrant roots, akin to France) as Späti (translating to "Lat(e)y", derived from Spätkauf , "late purchase"). In North Rhine-Westfalia people call the same kind of shop either Kiosk , like the Finnish, (using the word in a way differing from the rest of Germany, where "Kiosk" usually means only stall-like buildings or other very small window-selling shops which are not entered by customers and which sell either newspapers and magazines or snacks and cigarettes, or

7812-522: The start of the T.30 session to use the best technique implemented on both sides. Modified Huffman (MH), specified in T.4 as the one-dimensional coding scheme, is a codebook-based run-length encoding scheme optimised to efficiently compress whitespace. As most faxes consist mostly of white space, this minimises the transmission time of most faxes. Each line scanned is compressed independently of its predecessor and successor. Modified READ, specified as an optional two-dimensional coding scheme in T.4, encodes

7905-650: The station's parent oil company such as Shell or by either of the two major retail corporations in Finland, Kesko or S Group . Virtually all staffed service stations have a small convenience store. In France chain convenience stores are referred to as "supérettes", implying they are mini-supermarkets. Brands include Carrefour City, Casino Shop, Coccimarket, Daily Monop', Franprix, G20, Leader Price Express, Marché Plus, Sherpa, Sitis, Spar, Utile, Vival... (see Magasin de proximité ). Some other, independent convenience shops are referred to as " Arabe du coin " – "Arab on

7998-514: The store shelves. This reduces the apparent cost differences between full-size packaging in supermarkets. Reduced packaging also reduces waste when a traveller such as a hotel guest does not want to or cannot carry leftover product with them when they depart. The average U.S. convenience store has a sales area of 2,768 square feet (257.2 m ). New stores average about 2,800 square feet (260 m ) of sales area and about 1,900 square feet (180 m ) of non-sales area—a nod to retailers recognising

8091-575: The technology has faced increasing competition from Internet -based alternatives. In some countries, because electronic signatures on contracts are not yet recognized by law , while faxed contracts with copies of signatures are, fax machines enjoy continuing support in business. In Japan , faxes are still used extensively as of September 2020 for cultural and graphemic reasons. They are available for sending to both domestic and international recipients from over 81% of all convenience stores nationwide. Convenience-store fax machines commonly print

8184-476: The traditional food retail system. Kirana are typically family-owned stores that operate in fixed locations and carry both basic food and non-food items. Supermarket-styled convenience stores in Indonesia (commonly known as "minimarket") are mostly scattered around the towns. Due to local government restrictions in Indonesia, usually convenience stores may only be built at least 500 meters (1,600 ft) from

8277-424: Was owned by Petrobras), Va y Ven ( Terpel ), Upa!, Upita! and Select (from Shell ). Other brands operating mostly in downtowns and middle- to upper-class neighborhoods are Ok! Market (owned by Unimarc), Big John and Oxxo (owned by FEMSA ) and some small-scale "minisupermercados" akin to mom and pop stores . In Costa Rica , family-owned and operated convenience stores called pulperías have been common since

8370-645: Was published in 1896. Around 1900, German physicist Arthur Korn invented the Bildtelegraph , widespread in continental Europe especially following a widely noticed transmission of a wanted-person photograph from Paris to London in 1908, used until the wider distribution of the radiofax. Its main competitors were the Bélinographe by Édouard Belin first, then since the 1930s the Hellschreiber , invented in 1929 by German inventor Rudolf Hell ,

8463-802: Was the result of digital technology, where the analog signal from scanners was digitized and then compressed, resulting in the ability to transmit high rates of data across standard phone lines. The first digital fax machine was the Dacom Rapidfax first sold in late 1960s, which incorporated digital data compression technology developed by Lockheed for transmission of images from satellites. Group 3 and 4 faxes are digital formats and take advantage of digital compression methods to greatly reduce transmission times. Fax Over IP ( FoIP ) can transmit and receive pre-digitized documents at near-realtime speeds using ITU-T recommendation T.38 to send digitised images over an IP network using JPEG compression. T.38

8556-469: Was too small. After more than ten years of repeated attempts by Finch and others to establish such a service as a viable business, the public, apparently quite content with its cheaper and much more substantial home-delivered daily newspapers, and with conventional spoken radio bulletins to provide any "hot" news, still showed only a passing curiosity about the new medium. By the late 1940s, radiofax receivers were sufficiently miniaturized to be fitted beneath

8649-401: Was used to transmit a "radio newspaper" to private homes via commercial AM radio stations and ordinary radio receivers equipped with Finch's printer, which used thermal paper. Sensing a new and potentially golden opportunity, competitors soon entered the field, but the printer and special paper were expensive luxuries, AM radio transmission was very slow and vulnerable to static, and the newspaper

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