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21-628: The municipal area forms Poland's "Turoszów panhandle " ( Polish : Worek Turoszowski ) between the Czech town of Frýdlant in the east and the German town of Zittau in the west. To the southwest, the tripoint of the Czech, German, and Polish borders is located on the Neisse River . The town lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of Zgorzelec , and 147 kilometres (91 mi) west of

42-506: A land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit. In American English , the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma , or the northernmost portion of Idaho . Another term is bootheel , used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas. The term salient

63-574: Is a large open pit mine in the southwest of Poland , located outside Bogatynia , Lower Silesia . It feeds the nearby Turów Power Station . In March 2024 a Warsaw court found the EIA for mining from 2026 to be invalid, but the owner is appealing. Unlike the other coal-dependant parts of Poland, a just transition for coal phase-out has not yet been planned as of 2024. Situated 55 km west of Jelenia Góra , 80 km east of Dresden , Germany , and 20 km northwest of Liberec , Czech Republic ,

84-603: Is around 27.7 million tonnes. Lignite was found near Turasów in 1740. Between 1836 and 1869, almost 70 shafts were excavated. The owners of these mines organized the joint stock company Hercules in 1904, and three years later began strip mining. In 1925 the cap rock was dumped north of the mine. After the Second World War , in 1947, a Polish organization took the mine over from the Soviet military administration and KWB Turów came into existence. Nearby Turów Power Station

105-674: Is derived from military salients . The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan , and its use is generally confined to North America. The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, though the location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties or topography . The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations. Tur%C3%B3w Coal Mine The Turów coal mine ( Polish : Kopalnia Węgla Brunatnego Turów S.A. ) or KWB Turów ,

126-720: Is fuelled by lignite extracted from the Turów coal mine. The first unit of the power station was commissioned in 1962. The power station is the fifth largest source of greenhouse emissions in Poland and was the eighth least efficient power station in the EU in 2007. A new 496 MW unit was brought online in May 2021. In 2022 the plant was the 9th biggest carbon emitter in the European Union, with over 11 million tCO2e . The mine's license

147-603: Is one of the richest towns per capita in Poland, due to its two principal enterprises: the Turów Coal Mine , a large open-pit on the grounds of the former Rybarzowice village, and the associated thermal power station , Elektrownia Turów , operated by the Polska Grupa Energetyczna , the third-largest of the country. The word bogaty in Polish describes a rich or wealthy person - a calque from

168-530: The Czech Republic sued Poland over the mine at the European Court of Justice , the first time that an EU member state had sued another one over an environmental issue. In May 2021, Poland defied an injunction by the court that ordered the immediate closure of the mine, claiming it would have an adverse impact on the country's energy system and lead to the loss of thousands of jobs. The claim

189-706: The Hussite Wars (1425–1430) and Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). During the Great Northern War it was plundered by Swedish troops. Many inhabitants died in the War of the Polish Succession , fighting on the side of Augustus III of Poland . During the Seven Years' War , the occupying Austrian and Prussian armies imposed contributions on the inhabitants, confiscated food and even pillaged

210-706: The Meissen margraves, with Świdnica in Silesia . Initially a possession of the Kingdom of Bohemia , it passed to the Duchy of Jawor of fragmented Poland in 1319, again to Bohemia in 1346, to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1469, again to Bohemia in 1490, and to the Saxon Electorate by the 1635 Peace of Prague . From 1697 to 1763 it was also ruled by Kings of Poland in personal union. The settlement suffered during

231-778: The European Commission a daily penalty payment of half a million euros, but the Polish continued to defy the ruling. After Poland settled the case with the Czech Republic in 2022, the Court in 2024 confirmed a fine of 68 million euros for the delay in compliance. In 2023 the Polish government once again renewed the plant's permit until 2044. The decision is subject to legal proceedings, with one case at Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw suspended in 2023 until other proceedings are resolved. The Turów coal mine has

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252-715: The Final Act of the 1815 Vienna Congress . After the new border had been drawn, the village was the only possession east of the Neisse River that remained within Saxony. From 1871 to 1945 it was part of Germany. In the interbellum the settlement suffered economically from inflation and the Great Depression . Spared from damage during World War II , with the implementation of the Oder-Neisse line according to

273-474: The Turów mine forms part of an area widely known as the " Black Triangle " due to its past heavy industrial pollution, covering portions of eastern Germany, southwestern Poland and northern Czech Republic. The Turów mine, operated by Polska Grupa Energetyczna , represents one of the largest lignite reserves in Poland , with an estimated reserve of 760 million tonnes of coal . The annual coal production of Turów

294-430: The mine is facing opposition from the Czech government, as nearby Czech and German communities say that the environmental impact from the mine is severely affecting their quality of life, and threatening survival of several villages close to the border by causing their wells to dry up. According to a geological study, continued mining also risks causing soil subsidence in the German town of Zittau . In February 2021,

315-537: The post-war Potsdam Agreement , it passed to Poland and was granted a city charter. It is therefore the only municipality in Poland which until 1945 had not been part of Prussia (but of the Free State of Saxony ). From 1945 to 1947 the town was renamed Rychwald followed by the current name. The town used to be connected via narrow gauge railway lines opened in 1884 to Zittau and to the Bohemian border, where it

336-425: The regional capital Wrocław . The town has an area of 59.88 square kilometres (23.12 square miles). The settlement of Richnow (modern German: Reichenau , i.e. 'rich vale') in the historical region of Upper Lusatia was first mentioned in a 1262 deed, then a possession of Cistercian St. Marienthal Abbey near Ostritz . It prospered from its location on an important trade route connecting Dresden , residence of

357-405: The town's original German name, Reichenau ( reich : "rich"). See twin towns of Gmina Bogatynia . Salient (geography) A salient , panhandle , or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state . While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has

378-595: The village. In 1813, during the Napoleonic Wars and Polish national liberation fights , joint Polish-French forces commanded by Prince Józef Poniatowski were stationed in the village and later also Russian troops marched through the village. As Saxony had sided with the French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars, it had to cede the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia to Prussia according to

399-559: Was linked with the Frýdlant–Heřmanice Railway in 1900. Cross border service discontinued in 1945, and the railway line was closed in 1961. On August 8, 2010, the Miedzianka stream flooded the entire central part of the town, causing heavy damage and destroying several historic buildings. The cause of the flooding was extremely heavy rain and the resulting swelling of the river Miedzianka. Two people died. Today Bogatynia

420-471: Was refuted by studies of the renewable energy alternatives for the region, which were estimated to produce between 800 and 4,100 jobs more than the coal mine and plant while saving over € 13 billion in electricity production costs over 25 years. Because Poland had not ceased lignite extraction activities at the Turów mine, on 20 September 2021, the Vice-President of the Court ordered Poland to pay

441-537: Was set to expire in April 2020, but in March 2020, the Polish government extended it by another six years. The Polish government agreed to PGE Group's wish to continue mining at the site until 2044, when its coal deposits are expected to be fully depleted. Later, the Polish government announced that the mine would be shut down by 2044, claiming this to be in line with the EU's plans to cut emissions. PGE Group's move to expand

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