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98-440: The ranch was originally created in the 1840s, as a stopover for wagon trains heading to California. Bonnie McGaugh purchased the ranch in 1952, and it was subsequently named Bonnie Springs Ranch after her. Horseback riding and a restaurant were added by the mid-1960s. Old Nevada, the western town replica, was opened at the ranch in 1974, followed by the zoo and a motel in the 1980s. In January 2019, plans were announced to demolish

196-416: A bed and breakfast , despite some opposition. Opponents included Nevada's Center for Biological Diversity , which believed that the homes – referring to them as "McMansions" – would "fundamentally alter the character of Red Rock." The commission stated that the project would not set a precedent for more homebuilders to develop in the area. Planning commissioner Nelson Stone said the new project would allow for

294-470: A switchboard as the only form of communication in Old Nevada. Sidewalks were made of wormwood planking that Al Levinson had imported from Oregon. Built at a cost of $ 800,000, the Old Nevada western town opened on May 1, 1974 with 45 buildings, located on 5 acres (2.0 ha) of the ranch land. A restored 1881 horse-drawn carriage provided transportation around the town. At the time, Old Nevada included

392-461: A vaudeville dinner show titled Bonnie's Old West Musical Revue , which ran on weekends from May to August 2012. Later that year, the show moved to the Plaza Hotel & Casino in downtown Las Vegas , where it was performed under the title Grand Ole Vegas Revue . The saloon later featured karaoke and live music on two separate days a week. As of 2013, Old Nevada included the wedding chapel,

490-411: A windsock beside a landing strip. Types of runway safety incidents include: The choice of material used to construct the runway depends on the use and the local ground conditions. For a major airport, where the ground conditions permit, the most satisfactory type of pavement for long-term minimum maintenance is concrete . Although certain airports have used reinforcement in concrete pavements, this

588-428: A woodchuck . Emus would also be added to the zoo, including one that had been abandoned in the desert. Peacocks and deer freely roamed the fenced zoo area. The ranch also featured a large stable of horses. Levinson raised several of the animals. Most of the zoo was occupied by rescued animals who had been mistreated. The petting zoo included goats, deer, sheep, and buffalo. Some of the animals could naturally withstand

686-480: A 7 will indicate 7,000 ft (2,134 m) remaining. The runway threshold is marked by a line of green lights. [REDACTED] There are three types of runways: Waterways may be unmarked or marked with buoys that follow maritime notation instead. For runways and taxiways that are permanently closed, the lighting circuits are disconnected. The runway threshold, runway designation, and touchdown markings are obliterated and yellow "Xs" are placed at each end of

784-496: A brief illness. Alan Levinson and April Hopper continued to operate the ranch following her death. In early 2018, the ranch was put up for sale, at a cost of $ 31 million. Upon learning that the site was for sale, Joel Laub, a housing developer, contacted his friend, attorney J. Randall Jones; they partnered to purchase the 63-acre property, under the name BSR6276 LLC. After four months of negotiations, they beat out several other prospective buyers, including one developer who planned for

882-507: A building permit for a 150-room motel, after a District Judge ordered the county to issue the permit. At the time, Al Levinson also planned to eventually add a golf course to the ranch, although it never materialized. A 50-room motel was added in 1989. The Levinsons' children, Alan Levinson and April Hopper, took over the ranch's operations after the death of their father Al Levinson, who died in December 1994. A copper and fiberglass statue of

980-555: A car dealership. The bar became popular among the Levinsons' friends, including Las Vegas showgirls and other celebrities who performed in shows on the Las Vegas Strip . The bar also received patronage from residents of nearby Blue Diamond. In the 1950s, Bonnie Levinson added two horses to the ranch to satisfy customer interest in horseback riding . A man subsequently traded two horses for a car at Al Levinson's dealership, and

1078-492: A collection of neckties that hang from the ceiling, with dollar bills pinned to them. Al Levinson had decided on a policy against ties in the restaurant after he had been turned away from a restaurant at the Desert Inn casino for wearing a bolo tie . From that point on, he would take each tie that came into his restaurant and pinned it to the ceiling, a tradition dating to at least 1974. People later started pinning money to

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1176-560: A hotel and casino on the site. The partners announced redevelopment plans for the site in January 2019. New plans included the addition of approximately 20 custom homes , as well as new amenities similar to the current ranch, including a new restaurant and motel, and an "event barn" that would be used for weddings. The event barn would include 5,400 sq ft (500 m), while the new motel would include 25 rooms. The ranch's western town and zoo would need to be demolished to make room for

1274-486: A landing site for the Space Shuttle . Takeoff and landing distances available are given using one of the following terms: There are standards for runway markings. There are runway markings and signs on most large runways. Larger runways have a distance remaining sign (black box with white numbers). This sign uses a single number to indicate the remaining distance of the runway in thousands of feet. For example,

1372-409: A large parking lot to the ranch's motel and the Old Nevada western town. A smaller parking lot was located near the entrance to Old Nevada. In February 2018, after a year of negotiations, the ranch was expected to begin offering helicopter tours of Red Rock Canyon. Prior to the opening of a restaurant on the property, Bonnie Levinson had served biscuits and coffee as a snack to friends who came to visit

1470-515: A local woman, Sharon Linsebardt, wanted to relocate the western town's wedding chapel to her farm animal sanctuary in northwest Las Vegas, which also conducted weddings. The Levinsons agreed to donate the chapel to Linsebardt on the condition that she pay to have the 20-foot-wide building relocated. In February 2019, the Clark County Planning Commission unanimously approved the redevelopment plans, including 22 homes and

1568-542: A periodic basis. Fields with very low traffic of light planes may use a sod surface. Some runways make use of salt flats. For pavement designs, borings are taken to determine the subgrade condition, and based on the relative bearing capacity of the subgrade, the specifications are established. For heavy-duty commercial aircraft, the pavement thickness, no matter what the top surface, varies from 10 to 48 in (25 to 122 cm), including subgrade. Airport pavements have been designed by two methods. The first, Westergaard ,

1666-419: A restoration of the natural environment, and believed that noise in the area would "all but disappear". The Red Rock Citizens Advisory Council and Clark County staff also recommended approval of the project. At the time, nearly 54,000 people had signed one of the petitions to declare the ranch a historical landmark, although the commission stated that no part of the ranch had been deemed historic. An appeal against

1764-415: A third parallel runway was opened at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in 2000 to the south of existing 8R/26L—rather than confusingly becoming the "new" 8R/26L it was instead designated 7R/25L, with the former 8R/26L becoming 7L/25R and 8L/26R becoming 8/26. Suffixes may also be used to denote special use runways. Airports that have seaplane waterways may choose to denote the waterway on charts with

1862-420: A western town replica known as Old Nevada was added to the ranch. The following month, a fire at the ranch destroyed a barn, a trailer, and a corral . Businessman Howard Hughes owned the adjacent Sandstone Ranch . Before his death in 1976, Hughes made an offer to purchase Bonnie Springs; his offer and others up to that point were rejected by Bonnie Levinson, who did not want to sell it. A zoo had been added to

1960-498: A wolf. Levinson, an animal lover, also had cats, dogs, chickens and rabbits, many of which were left at the ranch by uninterested pet owners. The multitude of animals inspired Levinson to build a petting zoo at the ranch for children. The petting zoo had opened by 1985. The zoo was added to increase family visitation to the ranch. By 1997, the zoo included bobcats , burros , coatimundi and lynx , coyotes, ferrets, hedgehogs , llamas, porcupines , prairie dogs, squirrels, turtles, and

2058-555: A zombie-themed paintball game, Zombie Paintball Express, in which patrons rode a bus while attempting to fend off zombies with paintballs. As of 2015, a local paranormal society also offered a three-hour tour of the ranch's haunted areas during the last Saturday night of most months. The tours included efforts to make contact with the ranch's ghosts. Additional tours were offered during Bonnie Screams. The tours frequently included celebrities such as Susan Slaughter, from Ghost Hunters International . A music video for singer Lee Hye-young

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2156-445: Is an extrapolation of the original test results, which are not applicable to modern aircraft pavements or to modern aircraft landing gear . Some designs were made by a mixture of these two design theories. A more recent method is an analytical system based on the introduction of vehicle response as an important design parameter. Essentially it takes into account all factors, including the traffic conditions, service life, materials used in

2254-469: Is based on the assumption that the pavement is an elastic plate supported on a heavy fluid base with a uniform reaction coefficient known as the K value . Experience has shown that the K values on which the formula was developed are not applicable for newer aircraft with very large footprint pressures. The second method is called the California bearing ratio and was developed in the late 1940s. It

2352-399: Is considered to have the longest takeoff distance of the more common aircraft types and has set the standard for runway lengths of larger international airports. At sea level , 3,200 m (10,500 ft) can be considered an adequate length to land virtually any aircraft. For example, at O'Hare International Airport , when landing simultaneously on 4L/22R and 10/28 or parallel 9R/27L, it

2450-418: Is generally found to be unnecessary, with the exception of expansion joints across the runway where a dowel assembly, which permits relative movement of the concrete slabs, is placed in the concrete. Where it can be anticipated that major settlements of the runway will occur over the years because of unstable ground conditions, it is preferable to install asphalt concrete surface, as it is easier to patch on

2548-408: Is included for all ICAO and some U.S. military airports (such as Edwards Air Force Base ). However, most U.S.  civil aviation airports drop the leading zero as required by FAA regulation. This also includes some military airfields such as Cairns Army Airfield . This American anomaly may lead to inconsistencies in conversations between American pilots and controllers in other countries. It

2646-454: Is most nearly aligned with the wind. Airports with one runway are often constructed to be aligned with the prevailing wind . Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing airport runways. Wind direction is given as the direction the wind is coming from : a plane taking off from runway 09 faces east, into an "east wind" blowing from 090°. Originally in the 1920s and 1930s, airports and air bases (particularly in

2744-578: Is routine for arrivals from East Asia , which would normally be vectored for 4L/22R (2,300 m (7,546 ft)) or 9R/27L (2,400 m (7,874 ft)) to request 28R (4,000 m (13,123 ft)). It is always accommodated, although occasionally with a delay. Another example is that the Luleå Airport in Sweden was extended to 3,500 m (11,483 ft) to allow any fully loaded freight aircraft to take off. These distances are also influenced by

2842-451: Is slow, runway designation changes are uncommon, and not welcomed, as they require an accompanying change in aeronautical charts and descriptive documents. When a runway designation does change, especially at major airports, it is often done at night, because taxiway signs need to be changed and the numbers at each end of the runway need to be repainted to the new runway designators. In July 2009 for example, London Stansted Airport in

2940-402: Is to make a transition that everybody feels good about in the end." Later in January 2019, it was announced that a third party buyer was interested in fully relocating the ranch's western town to a new site to continue its operations as an attraction. The new owners also considered ways to incorporate the property's history and artifacts into the redevelopment project. It was later announced that

3038-459: Is usually adequate for aircraft weights below approximately 100,000 kg (220,000 lb). Larger aircraft including widebodies will usually require at least 2,400 m (7,900 ft) at sea level. International widebody flights, which carry substantial amounts of fuel and are therefore heavier, may also have landing requirements of 3,200 m (10,500 ft) or more and takeoff requirements of 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Boeing 747

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3136-557: Is very common in a country such as Canada for a controller to clear an incoming American aircraft to, for example, runway 04, and the pilot read back the clearance as runway 4. In flight simulation programs those of American origin might apply U.S. usage to airports around the world. For example, runway 05 at Halifax will appear on the program as the single digit 5 rather than 05. Military airbases may include smaller paved runways known as "assault strips" for practice and training next to larger primary runways. These strips eschew

3234-507: The COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada . During this time, the project was redesigned, and the number of home lots was reduced to 16, allowing for more public space, totaling nearly 14 acres. The project will incorporate a biophilic design , and houses are now limited to 7,500 sq ft (700 m). New amenities include a boutique hotel and spa, as well as an amphitheater. Groundbreaking for

3332-598: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a runway is a "defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft ". Runways may be a human-made surface (often asphalt , concrete , or a mixture of both) or a natural surface ( grass , dirt , gravel , ice , sand or salt ). Runways, taxiways and ramps , are sometimes referred to as "tarmac", though very few runways are built using tarmac . Takeoff and landing areas defined on

3430-534: The Paiute peoples homeland for centuries. They moved their dwellings into small enclaves in the rocky cliffs to the west after settlers moved in. The site was established in 1843 as a watering stopover for wagon trains going to California on the Old Spanish Trail . The site included a ranch house. In 1846, General John C. Frémont , on his way to Alta California , stopped at the springs to prepare for

3528-760: The Paranormal TV series, Most Terrifying Places in America in an episode titled "Devil's Playground" which aired on the Travel Channel in 2018. Layover Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 248276321 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:40:32 GMT Runway According to

3626-557: The 1940s, McGaugh and her mother began a turkey farm in Twentynine Palms, California . Bonnie McGaugh would deliver the live turkeys to restaurants and hotels in Las Vegas. In 1952, Bonnie McGaugh delivered turkeys to a friend who owned a diner in Las Vegas and a ranch in the nearby Red Rock Canyon . The friend showed the ranch to Bonnie McGaugh, who liked the nearby mountain scenery. McGaugh leased and subsequently purchased

3724-465: The Levinson couple was added in the mid-1990s, after approximately 18 months in the making. As of 2004, the ranch averaged 8,000 visitors during holiday weeks such as spring break and Memorial Day . In mid-2005, Alan Levinson had plans to develop a 17-house neighborhood as part of Bonnie Springs, with each house located on two acres of land, in accordance with local zoning laws. The property was one of

3822-413: The Levinsons planned to construct a western village at the ranch. In 1972, construction began on Old Nevada, the name given to a series of buildings replicating an 1880s mining town, with an opening planned for early summer 1973. Al Levinson had wanted to construct Old Nevada for years. Research was done to ensure the buildings' accuracy with old western structures. The buildings are made of old wood, which

3920-469: The Miner's Restaurant, a casino, and a miniature steam train, as well as a shootout show between a law official and a gunman, followed by a hanging. Old Nevada also had shops which sold artifacts and antiques that had been collected by Al Levinson, while a western-style saloon included a 900-person capacity for group events such as parties. To increase visitor attendance to the ranch, the saloon began featuring

4018-659: The United Kingdom changed its runway designations from 05/23 to 04/22 during the night. Runway dimensions vary from as small as 245 m (804 ft) long and 8 m (26 ft) wide in smaller general aviation airports, to 5,500 m (18,045 ft) long and 80 m (262 ft) wide at large international airports built to accommodate the largest jets , to the huge 11,917 m × 274 m (39,098 ft × 899 ft) lake bed runway 17/35 at Edwards Air Force Base in California – developed as

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4116-468: The United Kingdom) were built in a triangle-like pattern of three runways at 60° angles to each other. The reason was that aviation was only starting, and although it was known that wind affected the runway distance required, not much was known about wind behaviour. As a result, three runways in a triangle-like pattern were built, and the runway with the heaviest traffic would eventually expand into

4214-559: The aircraft tyres. To maintain the macrotexturing built into the runway by the grooves, maintenance crews engage in airfield rubber removal or hydrocleaning in order to meet required FAA , or other aviation authority friction levels. Subsurface underdrains help provide extended life and excellent and reliable pavement performance. At the Hartsfield Atlanta, GA airport the underdrains usually consist of trenches 18 in (46 cm) wide and 48 in (120 cm) deep from

4312-447: The airport's main runway, while the other two runways would be either abandoned or converted into taxiways. Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally the magnetic azimuth of the runway's heading in deca degrees . This heading differs from true north by the local magnetic declination . A runway numbered 09 points east (90°), runway 18 is south (180°), runway 27 points west (270°) and runway 36 points to

4410-543: The ambiguity that would result with more than three parallel runways. For example, in Los Angeles, this system results in runways 6L, 6R, 7L, and 7R, even though all four runways are actually parallel at approximately 69°. At Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , there are five parallel runways, named 17L, 17C, 17R, 18L, and 18R, all oriented at a heading of 175.4°. Occasionally, an airport with only three parallel runways may use different runway identifiers, such as when

4508-411: The construction, and, especially important, the dynamic response of the vehicles using the landing area. Because airport pavement construction is so expensive, manufacturers aim to minimize aircraft stresses on the pavement. Manufacturers of the larger planes design landing gear so that the weight of the plane is supported on larger and more numerous tires. Attention is also paid to the characteristics of

4606-409: The couple later had a total of six horses. Bonnie Springs Picnic Ranch received a business license in 1958. By 1962, the ranch included a swimming pool. A stable , Red Rock Riding Stables, was added to the ranch in 1963, followed by a restaurant in 1964. During the 1960s, Al Levinson planned to develop a housing community on 34 acres of vacant land located a half mile east of the ranch. The community

4704-399: The days following the announcement of the redevelopment plans, which received backlash from the public, as expected by Laub and Jones. Two petitions were started to save the ranch and have it declared a historic landmark , although such a designation would not prevent the ranch from being sold or demolished. In addition, there were no government agencies that had the necessary funds to purchase

4802-469: The design of Old Nevada. He also had research help from state agencies. Nevada mining camp ruins were also a model for Old Nevada. Despite the buildings' historic appearance, they were designed according to modern building codes and included air-conditioning. However, plumbing was only included in restaurants and bathrooms, while the front of other buildings included an outdoor water pump for historical accuracy. Antique telephones were repaired and connected to

4900-480: The few sites in the Red Rock area with zoning for housing, and the development would be a joint project between Levinson and developer Randy Black Jr. The project was to be built on 34 acres of vacant property located a half mile east of the ranch, where Al Levinson previously planned a housing community in the 1960s. There were no plans to close the ranch. The ranch-style housing project received little opposition, and

4998-638: The following: According to Transport Canada 's regulations, the runway-edge lighting must be visible for at least 2 mi (3 km). Additionally, a new system of advisory lighting, runway status lights , is currently being tested in the United States. The edge lights must be arranged such that: Typically the lights are controlled by a control tower , a flight service station or another designated authority. Some airports/airfields (particularly uncontrolled ones ) are equipped with pilot-controlled lighting , so that pilots can temporarily turn on

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5096-524: The hotel and pool. The two-story Bonnie Springs motel included a swimming pool and themed rooms such as Chinese, Spanish, and American Indian. The motel had 48 rooms, some of which include a jacuzzi . The ranch also included the Red Rock Riding Stables, with pony and horseback riding. The ranch's outdoor arena included bleacher seating used for events such as rodeos . On weekends, a miniature train provided optional transportation from

5194-413: The houses would not be "giant McMansions with only 5 feet between them. We want it to feel like a rural area." Each house would have a maximum of 5,000 square-feet and would be allowed to occupy only 10 percent of each lot. Most of the existing trees and plants, including yuccas , would be retained, and the ranch's parking lot would be re-vegetated with plants. To drivers along Red Rock Canyon's loop road,

5292-496: The lack of designated landing direction. If there is more than one runway pointing in the same direction (parallel runways), each runway is identified by appending left (L), center (C) and right (R) to the end of the runway number to identify its position (when facing its direction)—for example, runways one-five-left (15L), one-five-center (15C), and one-five-right (15R). Runway zero-three-left (03L) becomes runway two-one-right (21R) when used in

5390-432: The landing gear itself, so that adverse effects on the pavement are minimized. Sometimes it is possible to reinforce a pavement for higher loading by applying an overlay of asphaltic concrete or portland cement concrete that is bonded to the original slab. Post-tensioning concrete has been developed for the runway surface. This permits the use of thinner pavements and should result in longer concrete pavement life. Because of

5488-409: The lights when the relevant authority is not available. This avoids the need for automatic systems or staff to turn the lights on at night or in other low visibility situations. This also avoids the cost of having the lighting system on for extended periods. Smaller airports may not have lighted runways or runway markings. Particularly at private airfields for light planes, there may be nothing more than

5586-475: The local Nature Conservancy group at the time, and stated that his goal was to develop the land "in a very conscientious way that takes into consideration the environment and conservation." Regarding Bonnie Springs, Laub said, "What's there now is not environmentally friendly." For the new project, Laub consulted with wildlife experts and arborists for a design that would include native plants and encourage movement of desert animals. Laub also planned to rehabilitate

5684-419: The local heat, while others had covered enclosures with misters and bodies of water. To stay cool, the animals were also regularly given ice packs . As of 2012, the zoo had been entirely renovated with new enclosures. As of 2015, the zoo had four full-time zookeepers , one part-time zookeeper, and several volunteers. As of 2017, the zoo had more than 20 animal species, including more than 70 peacocks. Some of

5782-486: The motel. At the time, the ranch averaged 1,000 to 1,500 visitors on Saturdays, and an average minimum of 2,000 visitors on Sundays. The clientele generally consisted of state residents and tourists. As of 2006, Bonnie Springs included the only restaurant and lodging in the Red Rock Canyon area. As of 2007, the ranch received an annual 130,000 visitors. Bonnie Levinson, at 94 years old, died in January 2016 following

5880-458: The nearest 10°, this affects some runways sooner than others. For example, if the magnetic heading of a runway is 233°, it is designated Runway 23. If the magnetic heading changes downwards by 5 degrees to 228°, the runway remains Runway 23. If on the other hand the original magnetic heading was 226° (Runway 23), and the heading decreased by only 2 degrees to 224°, the runway becomes Runway 22. Because magnetic drift itself

5978-521: The need for "distinctly marked and carefully prepared landing places, [but] the preparing of the surface of reasonably flat ground [is] an expensive undertaking [and] there would also be a continuous expense for the upkeep." For fixed-wing aircraft , it is advantageous to perform takeoffs and landings into the wind to reduce takeoff or landing roll and reduce the ground speed needed to attain flying speed . Larger airports usually have several runways in different directions, so that one can be selected that

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6076-480: The needs of the future community. It includes a 375,000-gallon storage tank. The sale was expected to be finalized in mid-March 2019, at which point demolition would begin on the ranch. The partners wanted to retain the Bonnie Springs name for the new project, although negotiations with the Levinson family had yet to be held regarding the transfer of naming rights. Visitation increased by hundreds of people in

6174-399: The new development. In addition, Jones stated that he and Laub were not licensed to operate a zoo. Under the agreement, construction of the project would not begin until the ranch's animals were relocated, a task that would be handled by the Levinsons, who were supportive of the redevelopment plans. Hopper stated that the ranch was being sold because the family was ready to retire. Laub headed

6272-481: The new project was filed with the Clark County Commission , by a Las Vegas resident who cited unanswered questions about the new project's public facilities. Bonnie Springs closed on March 17, 2019. The ranch endured long lines during its final two days, with wait times up to 40 minutes to enter. Kathy Espin, an opinion writer for Las Vegas Review-Journal , believed that Bonnie Springs' closure

6370-581: The north (360° rather than 0°). When taking off from or landing on runway 09, a plane is heading around 90° (east). A runway can normally be used in both directions, and is named for each direction separately: e.g., "runway 15" in one direction is "runway 33" when used in the other. The two numbers differ by 18 (= 180°). For clarity in radio communications, each digit in the runway name is pronounced individually: runway one-five, runway three-three, etc. (instead of "fifteen" or "thirty-three"). A leading zero, for example in "runway zero-six" or "runway zero-one-left",

6468-517: The only access to the bar, which had previously operated as the Red Rock Tavern, opened in 1939. Al Levinson (1924–1994) came to Las Vegas from New York in 1949; he and McGaugh met in 1952, after McGaugh re-opened the bar. According to McGaugh, they met "because someone told him he should meet the dizzy blond running the bar in the desert." The couple married in 1954, and they would stay married for 40 years until his death. Al Levinson operated

6566-589: The opposite direction (derived from adding 18 to the original number for the 180° difference when approaching from the opposite direction). In some countries, regulations mandate that where parallel runways are too close to each other, only one may be used at a time under certain conditions (usually adverse weather ). At large airports with four or more parallel runways (for example, at Chicago O'Hare , Los Angeles , Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County , Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta , Denver , Dallas–Fort Worth and Orlando ), some runway identifiers are shifted by 1 to avoid

6664-578: The presence of ghosts in empty rooms. The ranch was subsequently featured in a 2015 episode of Ghost Adventures: Aftershocks . The ranch is also featured in "The Good, the Bad, and the Punished", a 2016 episode of Impractical Jokers . In 2017, the ranch was used as a filming location for the Asian television series Farewell, Las Vegas . Bonnie Springs Ranch was featured as one of the haunted locations in

6762-451: The project's houses would be obscured by landscaping. Jones and Laub would be among residents in the new project. Zoning laws allowed for up to 31 houses to be built on the land. Jones stated that while additional homes and a larger motel could have been added to the redevelopment plans, they chose not to do so, to keep the area as similar to Bonnie Springs as possible. A water company, CSR Water Cooperative, ultimately had to be created to serve

6860-406: The project, now known as The Reserve at Red Rock Canyon, took place on March 15, 2022. The remaining structures at Bonnie Springs had been demolished by that point. The 15,000 sq ft (1,400 m) event hall is the first phase of the project's commercial element, and will not be completed until at least 2024. The next phase would include the restaurant, followed by a third phase consisting of

6958-415: The property's natural springs as a water source for plants and animals. One of the springs had been dynamited years earlier. The project would include 8.5 to 10 acres of public space, while the remainder would be used for the housing project, with each home being built on two to three acres. The proposed houses would be designed and built to blend in with the natural environment of the Red Rock area. Jones said

7056-414: The ranch and replace it with approximately 20 custom homes , a new restaurant and motel, and a barn to be used for events. Bonnie Springs closed on March 17, 2019. Its replacement, The Reserve at Red Rock Canyon , began construction three years later, after a delay caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . The site is located at approximately 4,000 feet elevation, and includes natural springs , which were within

7154-400: The ranch by 1985. During the mid-1980s, Al Levinson had a three-year disagreement with Clark County officials over who would pay for 1.3 miles of flood-damaged road leading to the ranch. After Levinson sued county officials to repair the road, the county declined to issue him a building permit for a motel addition to the ranch, due to undecided zoning issues. In August 1986, Levinson received

7252-470: The ranch that year. The 115-acre ranch – located 20 miles west of Las Vegas near Blue Diamond, Nevada – included a broken-down bar and a three-room house. McGaugh lived on the ranch from that point on, and Bonnie Springs Ranch would ultimately grow to occupy 63.86 acres (25.84 ha) of the ranch land. Initially, McGaugh re-opened the bar in 1952 and operated it for the next 12 years without electricity, instead relying on kerosene lamps . A dirt road provided

7350-462: The ranch's outdoor arena area later that month, followed by online auctions. The first phase of demolition, including the motel and restaurant, was approved by the county on June 17, 2019. Twenty residential parcels went on sale in February 2020, when it was announced that the new project would be named The Ranch at Red Rock. Laub and Jones were unable to work out a deal with the Levinsons to acquire

7448-525: The ranch. She subsequently began cooking meals for her various ranch hands , and she later said, "Word soon got around that you could get a good cup of coffee here, and people started dropping by for meals," which convinced the Levinsons to add a restaurant to the ranch. The Levinsons expanded and refurbished the 1840s ranch house into a restaurant and bar, initially opened as the Bonnie Springs Steak House in 1964. Bonnie Levinson created

7546-471: The ranch. Within several days of the redevelopment announcement, the petitions had garnered more than 25,000 signatures, and had reached 51,000 signatures within two weeks. Jones acknowledged that "people are emotionally attached to Bonnie Springs," including himself and Laub, as well as their families. Jones further stated that the new project would be "different for sure. A transition, no question. Sometimes transitions make people sad. I understand that. Our hope

7644-436: The restaurant's furniture and helped build the structure's large central fireplace. A pond was ultimately built in front of the restaurant/bar. The pond once contained fish, which were allowed to be caught with the use of fishing equipment that the ranch rented out. The restaurant offered to then cook the caught fish for customers. By 1980, the pond was inhabited by ducks, geese, and turtles. The bar/restaurant became known for

7742-409: The rights to use the "Bonnie Springs" name. The residential lots ranged from 2 to 4 acres each, with prices from $ 3 million to $ 6.5 million. The homes would be accessed through a guard-gated community entrance. The future owners of each lot would be responsible for building their own homes. Design and construction guidelines were created to limit the size of the homes and to ensure that they blend in with

7840-478: The runway grade (slope) such that, for example, each 1 percent of runway down slope increases the landing distance by 10 percent. An aircraft taking off at a higher altitude must do so at reduced weight due to decreased density of air at higher altitudes, which reduces engine power and wing lift. An aircraft must also take off at a reduced weight in hotter or more humid conditions (see density altitude ). Most commercial aircraft carry manufacturer's tables showing

7938-406: The runway and at 1,000 ft (305 m) intervals. A line of lights on an airfield or elsewhere to guide aircraft in taking off or coming in to land or an illuminated runway is sometimes also known as a flare path . Runway lighting is used at airports during periods of darkness and low visibility. Seen from the air, runway lights form an outline of the runway. A runway may have some or all of

8036-408: The saloon, and a small schoolhouse. Staged gun fights and souvenir shops remained a part of Old Nevada as well. Old Nevada also had two museums, featuring local artifacts and 1800s-era wax figures . In 1975, Bonnie Levinson took in two pygmy goats from Wayne Newton . In addition, someone had dropped off a sheep at the ranch; this was accompanied by the arrival of two deer and Levinson's adoption of

8134-623: The standard numerical naming convention and instead employ the runway's full three digit heading; examples include Dobbins Air Reserve Base 's Runway 110/290 and Duke Field 's Runway 180/360. Runways with non-hard surfaces, such as small turf airfields and waterways for seaplanes , may use the standard numerical scheme or may use traditional compass point naming, examples include Ketchikan Harbor Seaplane Base 's Waterway E/W. Airports with unpredictable or chaotic water currents, such as Santa Catalina Island 's Pebbly Beach Seaplane Base, may designate their landing area as Waterway ALL/WAY to denote

8232-414: The suffix T; this is advantageous for certain airfields in the far north such as Thule Air Base (08T/26T). Runway designations may change over time because Earth's magnetic lines slowly drift on the surface and the magnetic direction changes. Depending on the airport location and how much drift occurs, it may be necessary to change the runway designation. As runways are designated with headings rounded to

8330-577: The suffix W; such as Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu and Lake Hood Seaplane Base in Anchorage . Small airports that host various forms of air traffic may employ additional suffixes to denote special runway types based on the type of aircraft expected to use them, including STOL aircraft (S), gliders (G), rotorcraft (H), and ultralights (U). Runways that are numbered relative to true north rather than magnetic north will use

8428-652: The surface of water for seaplanes are generally referred to as waterways . Runway lengths are now commonly given in meters worldwide , except in North America where feet are commonly used. In 1916, in a World War I war effort context, the first concrete-paved runway was built in Clermont-Ferrand in France , allowing local company Michelin to manufacture Bréguet Aviation military aircraft. In January 1919, aviation pioneer Orville Wright underlined

8526-464: The surrounding environment. Seven of the parcels were reserved within the first week. At the time, many of the buildings at Bonnie Springs had been demolished, with the exception of the Old Nevada buildings. Laub said he was giving away wood and other materials from the buildings to anyone who was interested "before we just demo it and send it to the dump." The project was put on hold in March 2020, due to

8624-441: The susceptibility of thinner pavements to frost heave , this process is generally applicable only where there is no appreciable frost action . Runway pavement surface is prepared and maintained to maximize friction for wheel braking. To minimize hydroplaning following heavy rain, the pavement surface is usually grooved so that the surface water film flows into the grooves and the peaks between grooves will still be in contact with

8722-487: The ties. In 2001, the money from the ceiling — a total of $ 18,744 — was donated to local firefighters. The money had been accumulating since 1991, and the Levinson family had been motivated to donate it following the September 11 attacks . The ties of the bar's ceiling continued to accumulate money bills, which were donated to various nonprofit organizations . The restaurant included a half-pound bison burger. By 1969,

8820-547: The top of the pavement. A perforated plastic tube (5.9 in (15 cm) in diameter) is placed at the bottom of the ditch. The ditches are filled with gravel size crushed stone. Excessive moisture under a concrete pavement can cause pumping, cracking, and joint failure. In aviation charts, the surface type is usually abbreviated to a three-letter code. The most common hard surface types are asphalt and concrete. The most common soft surface types are grass and gravel. A runway of at least 1,800 m (5,900 ft) in length

8918-546: The trip through Death Valley to the Pueblo de Los Angeles . By 1860, the site consisted of a blacksmith shop and a cabin with one room. Bonnie Springs Ranch was named after Bonnie Levinson ( née McGaugh; July 30, 1921 – January 29, 2016), the daughter of western film actor and assistant director Wilbur McGaugh . In her youth, McGaugh performed as a Las Vegas dancer and showgirl . She also performed as an ice skater, eventually touring with figure skater Sonja Henie . In

9016-478: The way. We believe those spirits still exist and are concentrated in our opera house – that's where they gather and most of the energy is felt." He later said in 2017, "There's a little girl by the school house, several apparitions at the opera house. You hear all kinds of stuff." Each October, from 2008 to 2018, the ranch was temporarily named "Bonnie Screams" in celebration of Halloween, with various haunted house attractions . In 2015, Bonnie Screams began offering

9114-421: The zoo's animals would be kept by the Levinson family following the ranch's closure, while others would be relocated to zoos in Nevada and California. The ranch has been speculated to be haunted, as claimed by some visitors to the ranch. Tim Harrison, the ranch's marketing director and events manager, said in 2016, "We were the hub of wagon trains that came through and people camped here and a lot of people died on

9212-566: Was approved by the Red Rock Citizens Advisory Council and the Clark County Planning Commission. The Nature Conservancy and the Sierra Club , environmental organizations, did not believe the project would have a large impact on the Red Rock Canyon area. However, it never began construction and the land remained vacant. As of August 2005, the ranch had 86 employees, and approximately 32 of them lived there at

9310-551: Was not a significant loss for the community. Three days after the closure, the Clark County Commission upheld the new project's approval against the appeal, with Laub stating that the public facilities did not require county approval through a public hearing. The sale was finalized on April 2, 2019, at a cost of $ 25 million. By that time, the ranch's animals had been relocated to other zoos and habitats. A live auction of various Bonnie Springs memorabilia took place at

9408-456: Was shot at Bonnie Springs in 2000. The motel was briefly featured in the 2005 film Domino . Director Tony Scott had long wanted to include the ranch in one of his films, and also stayed at the ranch's motel. Bonnie Springs is featured as an abandoned town in the 2010 video game Fallout: New Vegas . The ranch was featured as a lockdown location in a 2011 episode of Ghost Adventures . The series detected footsteps and sounds, as well as

9506-551: Was sought by Al Levinson to replicate old mine town buildings. The Old Nevada buildings were built based on building plans for early western communities. The Levinsons traveled to various small towns in Nevada to obtain information about the local buildings, as research for Old Nevada. The design of Old Nevada's Methodist wedding chapel is based on a chapel located in Belmont, Nevada . Al Levinson had acquired thousands of historic drawings and pictures of old buildings on which to base

9604-407: Was to include an airplane runway for homeowners, but the entire project was cancelled. By 1966, Bonnie Springs Recreation Ranch included picnic areas and playgrounds, as well as 28 horses for riding. Bonnie Springs became popular among Las Vegas families while remaining mostly unknown to city tourists. During the early 1970s, composer Don Swander played a piano at the ranch on weekends. In May 1974,

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