The Borden System is an archaeological numbering system used throughout Canada and by the Canadian Museum System to track archaeological sites and the artefacts that come from them. Canada is one of a few countries that use a national system to identify archaeological sites.
19-686: It was created by Charles Edward Borden in 1952 at the University of British Columbia . The system divides Canada into a grid of blocks based on latitude and longitude. There are two divisions: major and minor blocks. AaBb-11:1234 A is the Major South-North Locator - Each block represents 2 degrees of Latitude from south to north (A - U) a is the Minor South-North Locator - Each block represents 10 minutes of Latitude from south to north (a - l) B
38-581: A development permit was issued for the construction of a 108-unit condominium project. Intact remains were found in January 2012 during an archeological dig as required by the permit. In March 2012, members disrupted planned digging, claiming there was no consultation prior to the permit being issued in December, and in protest over the continued lack of dialogue. There was a cooling-off period while waiting for negotiations to occur, but protesters returned to
57-400: A roughly 16 km x 16 km area and the 16th site found within that area. Since the number that follows is the number of the site within an area, assigned when the site is discovered, the whole number really only narrows the area to approximately a 16 km square. But it allows archaeologists to designate a site and to label every artefact from the site. The number after the colon is
76-443: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Charles Edward Borden Charles Edward Borden ; also Carl Borden ; (15 May 1905 – 25 December 1978) was an American- born Canadian professor of archaeology at the University of British Columbia and the author of seminal works on archaeology, pre-history and pre-contact history. He was of German descent. The Canadian Archaeological Association referred to him as
95-598: Is pleased that the proposed development is no longer authorized by the permits issued by the Province and that the ancestral remains are to be restored to their original condition. Their disturbance caused great anguish to the community and the proposed development would have desecrated an ancient and sacred burial place and destroyed a site precious to the Musqueam as representing one of the few links to our heritage extending back thousands of years. It would also have destroyed
114-575: Is the Major East-West Locator - Each block represents 4 degrees of Longitude from east to west (A - W) (north of 62 degrees each major block represents 8 degrees of longitude) b is the Minor East-West Locator - Each block represents 10 minutes of Longitude from east to west (a - x) (north of 62 degrees each minor block represents 20 minutes of longitude) Therefore, a full designation: AaBb-16 represents
133-585: The Great Fraser Midden or Eburne site , is a 4000-year-old midden near the mouth of the Fraser River , in the Marpole neighbourhood of Vancouver , British Columbia . The site was the location of the ancient Musqueam village of c̓əsnaʔəm and a sacred burial ground. The site was inhabited by Coast Salish people beginning at least 4,000 years ago, until about 200 years ago, with
152-653: The Province of B.C.’s decision regarding the permits issued by the Province under the Heritage Conservation Act to permit a 5 story condominium development at c̓əsnaʔəm, also known as the Musqueam Marpole Village Site. As recognized in the decision, this site was declared to be a National Historic Site in 1933 as one of the largest pre-contact middens in Western Canada and has special significance for Musqueam. Musqueam
171-756: The United States. He majored in German at the University of California at Los Angeles and received his A.B. in 1932. He then studied at University of California at Berkeley earning his M.A. in 1933 and his Ph.D. in 1937. His first teaching position was at Reed College in Portland. He began working as assistant professor of German at the University of British Columbia in after teaching for a short period at Reed College in Portland. Marpole Midden The Marpole Midden , also known by archaeologists as
190-574: The arrival of smallpox on the Northwest Coast. During that time it was a village known as c̓əsnaʔəm . According to BC Heritage Industry Canada site, the Marpole Culture Type dates between 2400 BP and 1600 years BP. In 1884 the midden was unearthed during the upgrading of Garypie Farm Road, and was the site of archeological excavation throughout the subsequent decades. In 1892, Charles Hill-Tout did extensive excavations at
209-519: The artefact number: e.g., AaBb-16:0123 Because the distance between lines of longitude get smaller with increasing latitude, the Borden System changes at 64 degrees north latitude, from a width of 4 degrees of longitude to a width of 8 degrees in order to keep the area within each designate roughly the same. In Alberta, there are 3,438 minor and 17 major blocks. Of the minor blocks, 44 percent do not have any sites recorded. Block EgPN covers
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#1732787536473228-663: The excavations at sites. In 1951 Borden received funding from Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan), and the British Columbia Ministry of Education to undertake salvage archaeology at the Carrier Indian site. The construction of the Kemano power reservoir resulted in imminent flooding of a large part of Carrier hunting territory in Tweedsmuir Park . In 1951 Borden began survey and excavation of
247-588: The grandfather of archaeology in British Columbia and especially regarding prehistory and early history and rendered outstanding services to British Columbia. The Borden System was used on all archaeological sites. Borden deemed the Milliken site in the Fraser Canyon , with finds dating back about 9500 years old, making it the oldest known settlement at the time, therefore the most important of
266-599: The site and returned to work there every summer until he retired in 1970. His final article published in Science in 1979 was based on excavations of early microblade assemblages at Namu in 1977. From 1948 to 1957, Borden excavated material and undertook salvage archaeology projects in the 1950s and 1960s at the Marpole Midden , also known as Great Marpole Midden . Borden "was the first to draw links between contemporary Musqueam peoples and excavated remains." At
285-586: The site because, in their opinion, there had been no meaningful progress. Musqueam Band members and the supporters of the Musqueam band staged a series of protests to raise awareness about the site in May 2012. These included a rally at Mountain View Cemetery on May 29, and a blockade of the Arthur Laing Bridge between Richmond and Vancouver on May 31. On September 27, 2012, Musqueam received
304-612: The site for the Art, Historical, and Scientific Association of Vancouver, stimulating study of other middens in the region. American Museum of Natural History archeologist, Harlan Ingersoll Smith, participating in the Jesup North Pacific Expedition from 1897 to 1899, mined the Marpole site for skeletal remains. In the 1950s and 1960s UBC professor Charles Edward Borden undertook salvage archeology projects at
323-621: The site. Borden "was the first to draw links between contemporary Musqueam peoples and excavated remains." The construction of the Fraser Arms Hotel in the 1950s destroyed much of the site. On May 25, 1933, the Marpole Midden was recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada , although the historic marker is located in nearby Marpole Park, while the midden itself is located a few blocks away, between Montcalm and Milton streets, south of Marine Drive. In December 2011,
342-464: The time of his death, however in 1978, in spite of his best intentions, all of the Marpole material was in storage and still required "full description, quantification and publication of the original data" on which they were based. Borden left the United States with his mother, when she was widowed taking her infant son to join her family in Germany. In 1927 American authorities helped him to return to
361-515: The west site of Calgary and has 766 sites-the most sites in a block in the country (This is old data - check with local authorities for up to date numbers). Borden numbers have only been applied to archaeological sites that have been encountered and recorded, and are subject to survey and testing bias, as well as the rates of development in some areas. The actual number of cultural sites is much higher. This article about archaeology in Canada
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