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28-684: The Bachchor Wiesbaden is a mixed choir at the Protestant Lutherkirche in Wiesbaden , the state capital of Hesse , Germany. They perform oratorios , motets and cantatas , both in the liturgy and concert. The perform also on international concert tours and in partnership with a choir in Royal Tunbridge Wells . Choral singing had already a long tradition at the Lutherkirche , when Klaus Uwe Ludwig , who

56-498: A positive organ near the altar to accompany the choir, built in 1984 by Thomas Jann  [ de ] (Regensburg) and equipped with 4½ organ stops . The church has a choir, the Bachchor Wiesbaden , a Kinder- und Jugend-Kantorei (children's and youth chorale) and a Posaunenchor  [ de ] . Good acoustics and organs suiting all styles make the church a venue for church concerts, including

84-408: A rib vault supported by four columns. The interior is shaped like a long oval, sloping down lightly over the altar space. Jugendstil ornamentation decorates the wood panelling on the walls, the ceiling and the matroneum . All the windows and the paintwork, as well as the bridal staircase, were made by Otto Linnemann  [ de ] of Frankfurt in 1911; many relevant documents are preserved in

112-502: A miser character being damned, and even making comments about politics by showing Charlemagne bowing his head. Another example from France, the Coucy Doujon tympanum was carved between 1225 and 1230 and is evidence that tympanums were used in secular settings as well. The large tympanum was positioned above the door to the largest tower, as a way to tell anyone entering the building a message. The message for this particular tympanum

140-503: A steel construction of a type that was unusual at the time. The tympanum above the main entrance is a mosaic of the cross, which features two key lines of Martin Luther's hymn " Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott " ("A Mighty Fortress is Our God"), the first line and " Das Wort sie sollen lassen stahn " (The word they still shall let remain). On the cross is the Chi rho and it is flanked by

168-539: A venue of the Rheingau Musik Festival which held in 2015 a concert with the Thomanerchor , conducted by Gotthold Schwarz , and in 2022 a concert with that choir and its new conductor Andreas Reize . Tympanum (architecture) Alternatively, the tympanum may hold an inscription, or in modern times, a clock face. Tympanums are by definition inscriptions enclosed by a pediment, however

196-427: Is Christ in the middle and the saved souls on the left, serving as a reminder for pilgrims of why they made their journey. The imagery on this tympanum is primarily meant to remind the viewer of the power of gods judgement, part of many ways that tympanums through the era mentally prepare pilgrims for the experience of the church. There are many more subtle messages however, such as encouraging donations through depicting

224-788: The Wiesbadener Programm , to a design by Friedrich Pützer . With two organs and good acoustics, it is also a concert venue. By 1903, population growth in Wiesbaden necessitated the building of a fourth Protestant church. The city already had three: the Marktkirche , the Bergkirche and the Ringkirche . The latest of these, the Ringkirche, had been consecrated only nine years earlier; designed by Johannes Otzen

252-539: The Lutherkirche is decorated according to the rules of the Wiesbadener Programm , which says that the three parts of the church service – the altar (for the Eucharist ), pulpit (for the sermon ) and organ (for the music) – should be arranged next to each other in the centre and the participants in the service should be arranged around these three elements. The church has 1,200 seats, spanned by

280-659: The Technische Hochschule Darmstadt . Pützer was not associated with the Darmstadt Artists' Colony at the Mathildenhöhe , but shared their interest in overcoming historicism . The jury included the architects Hermann Eggert and Franz Schwechten , the Wiesbaden building inspector Richard Saran and the minister Emil Veesenmeyer , who had developed the Wiesbadener Programm with Johannes Otzen. The jury ruled: Construction

308-586: The alpha and omega , symbolising Jesus Christ as the beginning and end of the world and all creation (cf. Revelation 22.13). The Lutherkirche forms a unified architectural complex with the two parish houses (Mosbacher Straße 4 und Sartoriusstraße 14). Karl Dienst considered it "from the large-scale structure to the smallest detail … a harmoniously composed Gesamtkunstwerk of German Protestant culture ." (" von der großen Form bis ins kleinste Detail … als ein harmonisch durchkomponiertes Gesamtkunstwerk des deutschen Kulturprotestantismus ". The inner space of

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336-429: The 9th or 10th century. This transformation continued throughout the later parts of the early Middle Ages, gradually shifting into the large circular stained glass windows of the gothic era known as rose windows. Classical pediments more closely transformed into rose windows than tympanums, and when pedimental shapes reappeared over gothic and Romanesque portals, inspiration can be traced in other directions. According to

364-472: The Gospel of Luke, above Jesus on the cross was written "this is the king of jews" to mock his powerlessness. This inspired buildings as early as the arch of Constantine and old Saint Peters basilica which featured an engraving a Christ with a poem inscribed in second person perspective, an essential feature of later tympanum inscriptions. Early reliquaries and pilgrimage churches employed this convention, such as

392-583: The Linneman archive. The church has three organs. The organ firm Walcker completed an instrument with three manuals in 1911. It is placed behind the altar and regarded as part of the Gesamtkunstwerk, as envisioned in the Wiesbadener Programm . In the mid-1970s the Walcker organ was in such poor condition that a new organ was commissioned. The job of building a new organ in the gallery over

420-594: The Shrine of Saint Martin at Tours which in 558 installed engravings of the life of Christ and the churches patron saint (Saint Martin). These engravings situated directly above the main entrances had poems inscribed directing visitors on how they should feel entering the church. This was quickly replicated in Carolingian era churches such as the abbey of Saint Gall in Switzerland, completing the decorative style of

448-497: The construction of the church had followed the principles of the Wiesbadener Programm. These principles had met with wide acclaim. They were followed again in the planning of the new church. In 1905 the architectural competition the program required was held. After shortlisting three proposals, the congregation decided on a design by Friedrich Pützer from Darmstadt on 8 June 1906. He was an architect and professor at

476-565: The entrance went to Klais Orgelbau of Bonn. The new organ was consecrated in 1979. It has three manuals (like the Walcker organ), over 44 registers, mechanical tracker key action and electrical stop action. In the 1980s, when the original Jugendstil interior decoration was being restored, it was decided to restore completely the old Walcker organ from 1911 as well. The preservation of the instrument has historical value, especially important as most Walcker organs in Frankfurt were destroyed in

504-545: The evolution of tympanums gives them more specific implications. Pediments first emerged in classical Greece 700-480 BCE, with early examples such as the pantheon remaining famous to this day. Pediments spread across the Hellenistic world with the rest of classical architecture. Inscriptions at the time were sometimes blank but often contained statues of the gods and representations of geographic features, there are uncountable stories and messages in these inscriptions however

532-497: The last judgement, which was the subject of a large portion of tympanums, however, the Conques tympanum is far more detailed in its figures and scenes in a way reminiscent of Roman reliefs. This work was meant to be horrifying to the people who passed under it, on the right demons torture the souls of the damned, sinners are fed to grotesque monsters, and people are crammed into small spaces as they await their judgment. Contrasting this

560-649: The now abstracted form purely for decoration. After the collapse of the Roman empire, regions with significant classical architecture quickly adopted and transformed the features. In France examples such as the Baptistry of St. Jean at Poitiers created in the 6th through 7th century CE defined Merovingian architecture. The form became abstracted in this period, replacing sculptures with geometric engravings and mosaics, and using small alternating curved and triangular pediments above windows on churches such as St. Generoux from

588-593: The restoration of the church was completed in 1992. The building is of national importance as an example of Jugendstil. The Lutherkirche is located off the Gutenbergplatz, right on the Ringstraße . It is built in Jugendstil and has a white plaster facade. The most notable features are the 50 m high tower and the expansive roof, 20 m high with a ridge rising to 37 m, which is supported by

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616-573: The symbolism remained closely related to the philosophy and democracy associated with classical Greek city states. These themes continued when the Romans spread the style further into Europe, picking up an aspect of authoritarian symbolism in provinces captured by conquest. Originally serving as the end of a gabled roof, in later imperial Rome the form was adjusted. Pediments started being placed above any doorway and curved instead of triangle shapes were introduced, ignoring structural value and instead using

644-531: The tympanum. The Romanesque era (1000–1200) saw massive change in church architecture. Pilgrimage required churches to rethink layouts and symbolism and the ever-rising Benedictine order changed rules on how churches should operate and appear. Architecturally the Romanesque era saw an increased appreciation for classical forms, coupled with an increase in church construction related to several factors including political turmoil and as thanks to god for not ending

672-508: The war. The German Republic and the State of Hesse helped fund the project, which was carried out from 1986 to 1987, by Klais. The organ was reconsecrated in 1987. It has 46 registers, with electrical key and stop action. The historic Walcker organ has been used for recordings of music of the period, such as Martin Schmeding 's recording of the organ works by Max Reger . There is also

700-558: The world in the year 1000. Tympanums are one of the most prominent features of Romanesque architecture, building on the French legacy of architectural innovation while also appearing on churches across Europe. The tympanum above the west portal of the Sainte-Foy church in Conques is possibly the most famous tympanum; carved in the early 1100s it is emblematic of the style, purpose and culture of Romanesque tympanums. This tympanum depicts

728-674: Was Kirchenmusikdirektor from 1977, founded the choir of around 60 singers in September 1978. They perform works by Johann Sebastian Bach , popular oratorios and also less known music, which they partly recorded on CD. The choir made concert tours to Danzig , Paris, to the US and England. A partnership with the Royal Tunbridge Wells Choral Society in Royal Tunbridge Wells , the British sister city of Wiesbaden,

756-673: Was begun in 1994 and led to concerts of the combined choirs in both cities. The choir has been directed by Niklas Sikner  [ de ] from November 2020. It is sponsored by an association of friends ( Freundeskreis ). Lutherkirche, Wiesbaden The Lutherkirche ( Luther Church ) is one of four main Protestant churches in Wiesbaden , the capital of Hesse , Germany. It was built between 1908 and 1910 in Jugendstil ( Art Nouveau style in Germany) and in accordance with

784-534: Was originally scheduled to begin in July 1907, but was somewhat delayed. Earth was broken on 28 August 1908, a stone-laying ceremony took place on 1 November 1908, and the Lutherkirche was inaugurated on 8 January 1911. The roof of the building was damaged during World War II. Postwar, the colourful interior wallpaintings were covered by whitewash. In the 1980s the walls were restored using the original plans, and

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