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71-575: The municipality lies in the southern Eifel in the Üßbach valley near the Moselle . Bad Bertrich's Ortsteile are the main centre, also called Bad Bertrich, and the outlying centre of Kennfus. Even as long ago as Roman Emperors Valentinian's and Gratian ’s time, stately bathing houses were being built in Bertriacum . In 1097, Bad Bertrich had its first documentary mention in an ownership document from Archbishop Egilbert of Trier. In 1476,

142-515: A chain from northwest to southeast. The youngest maars are only slightly older than 11,000  years. In the eastern Eifel, volcanism began about 500,000 years ago in the area of today's Laacher See; it extended to the Neuwied Basin to the south, and crossed the Rhine to the east. The quantity of basalt lavas, pumice tuffs and ash tuffs produced by the volcanoes was far greater here than in

213-544: A distinctly stimulating climate; the high elevations being considered as highly stimulating. The Eifel is a clean air area with very low air-chemical pollution. On hot sunny days, there is sometimes an increased concentration of ground-level ozone. Here are a couple of weather station examples for settlements in the Eifel. At the time of the Roman Empire the whole mountain range between the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Moselle

284-579: A hollow midway along the Moselle valley, with the most significant portion of the city on the east bank of the river. Wooded and vineyard -covered slopes stretch up to the Hunsrück plateau in the south and the Eifel in the north. The border with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is some 15 km (9 mi) away. Listed in clockwise order, beginning with the northernmost; all municipalities belong to

355-824: A list of these and other Eifel mountains and hills see the List of mountains and hills of the Eifel . Many of these prominent points are linked by the Eifel-Ardennes Green Route , which crosses the east and south of the region, the German Volcano Route , the German Wildlife Route and the South Eifel Holiday Route. Due to its moist and mild Atlantic climate, the Eifel is bisected by numerous streams and small rivers. Impoundment of these streams, especially in

426-564: A result of volcanicity in the Tertiary and Quaternary periods and rise above the undulating countryside. The rivers draining into the Moselle , Rhine and Meuse , such as the Our , Kyll , Ahr , Brohlbach and Rur , have cut deep into the edge of the Eifel and formed larger valleys. The Eifel covers an area of 5,300 km and is geographically divided into the North and South Eifel. It

497-592: Is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany . It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate , near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region . Founded by the Romans in the late 1st century BC as Augusta Treverorum ("The City of Augustus among the Treveri "), Trier is considered Germany's oldest city. It

568-617: Is a low mountain range in western Germany , eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg . It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia , northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium . The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif ; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park . The Eifelian stage in geological history

639-795: Is also the oldest seat of a bishop north of the Alps . Trier was one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy period in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. In the Middle Ages , the archbishop-elector of Trier was an important prince of the Church who controlled land from the French border to the Rhine . The archbishop-elector of Trier also had great significance as one of

710-419: Is an average of 70 days of full snow cover because the frequency of snow at higher elevations is relatively high (for comparison: Bitburg 35  days, Maifeld 30  days), but the level of snowfall varies from year to year. Snow heights vary on average between 15 cm and 60 cm. The humid Atlantic climate can cause extreme variations though: on 2 March 1987 there was 227 centimetres of snow in

781-505: Is further divided into several natural regional landscapes, some with further subdivisions. Since 2004, part of the North Eifel has been designated as the Eifel National Park . There are also four nature parks in the Eifel (from north to south): Rhineland , High Fens-Eifel , Volcanic Eifel , and South Eifel , although the first extends only partly into the northern foothills of the Eifel. There are several distinct chains within

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852-461: Is high despite not being on the coast. As a result of the European heat wave in 2003 , the highest temperature recorded was 39 °C on 8 August of that year. On 25 July 2019, a record-breaking temperature of 40.6 °C was recorded. The lowest recorded temperature was −19.3 °C on February 2, 1956. Trier is known for its well-preserved Roman and medieval buildings, which include: Trier

923-838: Is home to the University of Trier , founded in 1473, closed in 1796 and restarted in 1970. The city also has the Trier University of Applied Sciences . The Academy of European Law (ERA) was established in 1992 and provides training in European law to legal practitioners. In 2010 there were about 40 Kindergärten , 25 primary schools and 23 secondary schools in Trier, such as the Humboldt Gymnasium Trier , Max Planck Gymnasium , Auguste Viktoria Gymnasium , Angela Merici Gymnasium , Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium and

994-679: Is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairwoman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results: Bad Bertrich's mayor is Christian Arnold. The municipality's arms might be blazoned thus: Per bend sinister, Or a double arch sable over a dais of the same, and gules an eagle rising, head bowed and wings displayed, argent. The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate ’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: In June and July 2007,

1065-553: Is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop. The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers . The Eifel lies between the cities of Aachen to the north, Trier to the south and Koblenz to the east. It descends in the northeast along a line from Aachen via Düren to Bonn into the Lower Rhine Bay . In

1136-669: Is the only Eifel summit above 700 m. However, many peaks, mountain ridges and large regions, such as the Zitterwald reach heights of over 600 m. These include two dozen peaks with good all-round views, of which many have an observation tower . From north to south they are: the Michelsberg, Häuschen and Teufelsley in the north; the Adert, Hohe Acht and Raßberg in the northeast; the Hochkel, Nerotherkopf, Dietzenley and ruins of

1207-594: Is the volcanic cone of the Hohe Acht (746.9 m). Originally the Carolingian Eifelgau only covered the smaller region roughly around the sources of the rivers Ahr , Kyll , Urft and Erft . Its name was more recently transferred to the entire region. The Eifel belongs to that part of the Rhenish Massif whose rolling plateau is categorised as peneplain highland ( Rumpfhochland ), which

1278-674: Is west/southwest. A relatively dry and milder climate prevails in the wind and rain shadow of the High Eifel. Cold air from Siberia in the higher elevations of the Eifel has less of an impact on weather conditions, as the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean to the Eifel brings milder sea air to the Eifel even in winter. Looking at the long-term averages, even the Snow Eifel only has snow cover for nine consecutive days in winter, as there are no longer lasting cold spells. However, there

1349-488: The individual map sheets Trier/Mettendorf , Cochem (both 1974) and Cologne/Aachen (1978) as follows; for the most detailed natural region divisions in Rhineland-Palatinate, fact files were produced by the state information system of the conservation administration (LANDIS): The BfN groups the 3 (two-digit) major unit groups under the combined group designated D45 . Apart from its valleys,

1420-797: The Kasselburg in the central area; the Prümer Kalvarienberg, Hartkopf and Prümer Kopf in the east, the Steineberg and Mäuseberg near Daun, the Hochsimmer and Scheidkopf near Mayen; the Eickelslay and Absberg in the southeast; and the Krautscheid and Hohe Kuppe in the southwest. The mountains and hills of the Eifel include the following (in order of height in metres above sea level ): (near Schwarzer Mann ) For

1491-847: The Nelson-Mandela Realschule Plus , Kurfürst-Balduin Realschule Plus , Realschule Plus Ehrang . Trier has a municipal theatre, Theater Trier , for musical theatre, plays and dance. Trier station has direct railway connections to many cities in the region. The nearest cities by train are Cologne, Saarbrücken and Luxembourg. Via the motorways A 1 , A 48 and A 64 Trier is linked with Koblenz, Saarbrücken and Luxembourg. The nearest commercial (international) airports are in Luxembourg (0:40 h by car), Frankfurt-Hahn (1:00 h), Saarbrücken (1:00 h), Frankfurt (2:00 h) and Cologne/Bonn (2:00 h). The Moselle

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1562-526: The Roman Empire subduing the Treveri in the 1st century BC and establishing Augusta Treverorum about 16 BC. The name distinguished it from the empire's many other cities honoring the first Roman emperor , Augustus . The city later became the capital of the province of Belgic Gaul ; after the Diocletian Reforms , it became the capital of the prefecture of the Gauls , overseeing much of

1633-461: The Shoah . In June 1940 during World War II over 60,000 British prisoners of war, captured at Dunkirk and Northern France, were marched to Trier, which became a staging post for British soldiers headed for German prisoner-of-war camps . Trier was heavily bombed and bombarded in 1944. The city became part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate after the war. The university , dissolved in 1797,

1704-597: The Tertiary , the Eifel was inundated mainly from the north. Remains of Cretaceous rocks were discovered on the High Fens. Scattered patches of Oligocene deposits can be found there and in the Western Eifel. From the Pliocene onwards, the Rhenish Massif, including the Eifel, experienced an uplift. This led to the streams and rivers cutting into the gently rolling landscape resulting in the present appearance of

1775-838: The Trier-Saarburg district Schweich , Kenn and Longuich (all part of the Verbandsgemeinde Schweich an der Römischen Weinstraße ), Mertesdorf , Kasel , Waldrach , Morscheid , Korlingen and Gusterath (all in the Verbandsgemeinde Ruwer ), Hockweiler , Franzenheim (both part of the Verbandsgemeinde Trier-Land ), Konz and Wasserliesch (both part of the Verbandsgemeinde Konz ), Igel , Trierweiler , Aach , Newel , Kordel , Zemmer (all in

1846-439: The Verbandsgemeinde Trier-Land ). The Trier urban area is divided into 19 city districts . For each district there is an Ortsbeirat (local council) of between 9 and 15 members, as well as an Ortsvorsteher (local representative). The local councils are charged with hearing the important issues that affect the district, although the final decision on any issue rests with the city council. The local councils nevertheless have

1917-880: The War of the Polish Succession . After conquering Trier again in 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars , France annexed the city and the electoral archbishopric was dissolved. After the Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815, Trier passed to the Kingdom of Prussia . Karl Marx , the German philosopher and one of the founders of Marxism , was born in the city in 1818. As part of the Prussian Rhineland , Trier developed economically during

1988-595: The Western Roman Empire . In the 4th century, Trier was one of the largest cities in the Roman Empire with a population around 75,000 and perhaps as much as 100,000. The Porta Nigra ("Black Gate") dates from this era. A residence of the Western Roman emperor , Roman Trier was the birthplace of Saint Ambrose . Sometime between 395 and 418, probably in 407 the Roman administration moved the staff of

2059-455: The diphthong and the syllable , -fel . The resulting root form Anfil or Anfali would then mean an "area that is not so level". An - would then be a prefix and -fali , which is related to the Slavic polje ("field"), means "plain" or "heath". W. Kaspers (1938) deduces from the surviving form in pago aquilinse the root form aku-ella, akwella and points to its development into

2130-787: The 17th and 18th centuries, the French-Habsburg rivalry brought war to Trier. Spain and France fought over the city during the Thirty Years' War . The bishop was imprisoned by Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor for his support for France between 1635 and 1645. In later wars between the Empire and France, French troops occupied the city during the Nine Years' War , the War of the Spanish Succession , and

2201-552: The 19th century. The city rose in revolt during the revolutions of 1848 in the German states , although the rebels were forced to concede. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. The synagogue on Zuckerbergstrasse was looted during the November 1938 Kristallnacht and later completely destroyed in a bomb attack in 1944. Multiple Stolperstein have been installed in Trier to commemorate those murdered and exiled during

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2272-514: The Earth's surface from the upper regions of the Earth's mantle or, in the majority of cases, gathers in a magma chamber, several tens of kilometres deep, at the base of the Earth's crust , from which magma rises at irregular intervals and causes volcanic eruptions. Volcanism in the Eifel is thought to be partly caused by the Eifel hotspot , a place where hot material from deep in the mantle rises to

2343-624: The Eifel drain into the North Sea via the great rivers outside of the Eifel: the Rhine (and its tributary, the Moselle ) and the Meuse (with its tributaries, the Rur and Ourthe ). The rivers and streams within the mountain range, together with their larger tributaries, are as follows: Rhine tributaries: Meuse tributaries: Reservoirs Volcanic lakes Despite the interesting geology of

2414-555: The Eifel is a gently rolling plateau from which elongated mountain ridges and individual mountains rise. The majority of these summits do not attain a great height above the surrounding terrain. Several, however, like the Schwarzer Mann in the Schnee-Eifel , stand out from a long way off as long, forested ridges or clearly isolated mountaintops. The highest mountain in the whole Eifel is the Hohe Acht at 746.9 m. It

2485-602: The Eifel itself, but lie along its northern boundary in the region of Aachen . The Devonian rocks were deposited in an oceanic basin , in which erosion debris was washed in from the north from the great north continent of Euramerica ( Laurussia or the Old Red Continent ) which was formed by Caledonian mountain building during the Silurian . From the end of the Lower Carboniferous the sea basin

2556-423: The Eifel on the Weißer Stein . The mean temperature in the coldest month (January) is -1.5 °C at high elevations, +1.5 to 2 °C in the mountain foreland. There is an average of 110 days of frost, with temperatures below 0 °C in the highlands and an average of 30 to 40 'ice days' when temperatures do not rise above 0 °C. The warmest month (July) only has an average temperature of 14 °C in

2627-454: The Eifel region, only three comprehensive geological accounts have been produced. In 1822, Johann Steiniger published the first geological map of the area and, in 1853, the Geognostische Beschreibung der Eifel . In 1915 Otto Follmann published a new account, adding to the extent of scientific understanding at that time, the Abriss der Geologie der Eifel ("Abstract of the geology of the Eifel region". In 1986, Wilhelm Meyer finally published

2698-418: The Eifel, as in the other regions of the Rhenish Massif , consists mainly of Devonian slates , sandstones and limestones , laid down in an ocean south of the Old Red Continent and folded and overthrust in the Variscan orogeny. Only on the northern edge of the Eifel, in the High Fens and its environs, do older rocks from the Cambrian and Ordovician outcrop. Rocks of the Carboniferous do not occur in

2769-525: The Eifel. Since 2004, about 110 km of the Eifel within the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia have been protected as the Eifel National Park nature reserve . Up to 1960, the German part of the Eifel, which belonged to the natural region of the Rhenish Massif , was, according to the Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany , divided into three major unit (i.e. two-digit) groups and these were subdivided into (three-digit) major natural units. These divisions were subsequently refined in

2840-455: The High Eifel came to an end about 15 to 20 million years ago, at the same time as that of the Siebengebirge. Volcanism in the western and eastern Eifel is, in contrast to that of the High Eifel, much more recent than that of the Siebengebirge and Westerwald. It began in the West Eifel region of Daun, Hillesheim and Gerolstein about 700,000 years ago and created a chain of ash volcanoes, cinder cones , maars and craters running in

2911-526: The North Eifel has led to the creation of very large reservoir , such as the Rursee , which is the second largest in Germany by volume, and the Urftsee . A feature of the Eifel are its natural lakes of volcanic origin. The largest, the Laacher See , is a collapsed, water-filled caldera , whilst the many maars are water-filled volcanic eruption bowls. The largest maar lake is the Pulvermaar . The Meerfelder Maar has an even bigger basin, but three-quarters of it has silted up. The many rivers and streams of

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2982-436: The Praetorian Prefecture from Trier to Arles . The city continued to be inhabited but was not as prosperous as before. However, it remained the seat of a governor and had state factories for the production of ballistae and armor and woolen uniforms for the troops , clothing for the civil service, and high-quality garments for the Court. Northern Gaul was held by the Romans along a line ( līmes ) from north of Cologne to

3053-431: The Stavelot-Venn Saddle ( Hohes Venn ) are the oldest layers of rock, which originate from the Cambrian and are around 550 million years old. The Eifel is one of the few volcanically active areas of Germany, as is evinced by numerous discharges of carbonic acid , for example into the Laacher See . The last eruptions, which gave rise to the most recent maars , occurred about 11,000  years ago. The basement in

3124-419: The basis of a significant mining activity for the extraction of building materials since Roman times. Some of the hills are volcanic vents. The peculiar circle-shaped lakes ( maars ) of the volcanic regions formed in volcanic craters. The first volcanic eruptions took place in the early Tertiary centred in the High Eifel and even before the volcanic activity of the Siebengebirge and Westerwald . Volcanism in

3195-403: The city grew increasingly powerful and the Archbishopric of Trier was recognized as an electorate of the empire, one of the most powerful states of Germany. The University of Trier was founded in the city in 1473. In the 17th century, the Archbishops and Prince-Electors of Trier relocated their residence to Philippsburg Castle in Ehrenbreitstein , near Koblenz . A session of the Reichstag

3266-449: The coast at Boulogne through what is today southern Belgium until 460. South of this line, Roman control was firm, as evidenced by the continuing operation of the imperial arms factory at Amiens . The Franks seized Trier from Roman administration in 459. In 870, it became part of Eastern Francia , which developed into the Holy Roman Empire . Relics of Saint Matthias brought to the city initiated widespread pilgrimages. The bishops of

3337-417: The diocese of Trier in 1581 and reached the city itself in 1587, where it was to lead to the death of about 368 people, and was as such perhaps the biggest mass execution in Europe in peacetime. This counts only those executed within the city itself. The exact number of people executed in all the witch hunts within the diocese has never been established; a total of 1,000 has been suggested but not confirmed. In

3408-581: The early Neolithic period. Since the last pre-Christian centuries, members of the Celtic tribe of the Treveri settled in the area of today's Trier. The city of Trier derives its name from the later Latin locative in Trēverīs for earlier Augusta Treverorum . According to the Archbishops of Trier , in the Gesta Treverorum , the founder of the city of the Trevians is Trebeta . German historian Johannes Aventinus also credited Trebeta with building settlements at Metz , Mainz , Basel , Strasbourg , Speyer and Worms . The historical record describes

3479-440: The east and south it is bounded by the valleys of the Rhine and the Moselle . To the west it transitions in Belgium and Luxembourg into the geologically related Ardennes and the Luxembourg Ösling . In the north it is limited by the Jülich-Zülpicher Börde . Within Germany it lies within the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia; in the Benelux the area of Eupen , St. Vith and Luxembourg. Its highest point

3550-465: The five " central places " of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Along with Luxembourg, Metz and Saarbrücken, fellow constituent members of the QuattroPole  [ de ] union of cities, it is central to the greater region encompassing Saar-Lor-Lux ( Saarland , Lorraine and Luxembourg ), Rhineland-Palatinate, and Wallonia . The first traces of human settlement in the area of the city show evidence of linear pottery settlements dating from

3621-402: The freedom to undertake limited measures within the bounds of their districts and their budgets. The districts of Trier with area and inhabitants (December 31, 2009): Trier has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ), but with greater extremes than the marine versions of northern Germany . Summers are warm except in unusual heat waves and winters are recurrently cold, but not harsh. Precipitation

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3692-447: The higher areas. The level of precipitation decreases significantly from west to east as a result of the rain shadow of the highlands. So the Schneifel receives an average of 1,200 mm of precipitation ( High Fens : 1,400 mm to 1,500 mm), while in Maifeld the average rainfall is only 600 mm. The bioclimatic conditions in the Eifel are favourable. Heat stress and air humidity are rarely present in summer. The Eifel has

3763-459: The low mountain range with its flat plateaus and deeply incised valleys. Due to numerous recent research projects, climate changes since the last ice age can be traced in detail in the Eifel region. Volcanic activity in the Eifel began 50 millions of years ago and continues into the geological present. It created numerous volcanic structures, lava flows and extensive layers of volcanic ejecta made of tuff and pumice , which have formed

3834-415: The mainland. During the Permian , after the end of the uplifting, the Variscan mountains were heavily eroded, leaving only a relatively flat, truncated upland. For a short time, and only partially, this was later flooded by the sea. Depositions from the Triassic and Jurassic periods have survived in the so-called Eifel North-South Zone. This is a region of subsidence , which runs from the Trier Bay in

3905-559: The name "Eifel" in the following sequence: aquila  > agfla  > aifla  > eifla  > Eifel . Akuella derives from the pre-German and means "land with summits" or "land with peaks". Trier Trier ( / t r ɪər / TREER , German: [tʁiːɐ̯] ; Luxembourgish : Tréier [ˈtʀəɪɐ] ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( / t r ɛ v / TREV , French: [tʁɛv] ) and Triers (see also names in other languages ),

3976-517: The newly founded festival Eifel-Kulturtage (“ Eifel Cultural Days”) was held in Bad Bertrich and at Himmerod Abbey . Heading the series of events, with more than 90 artists, was Rainer Laupichler. The Bergquelle (“Mountain Spring ”) is an extremely stable healing spring with regard to delivery and content consistency. It is a sodium sulphate bicarbonate hotspring. Eifel The Eifel ( German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ; Luxembourgish : Äifel , pronounced [ˈæːɪfəl] )

4047-399: The northern and northwestern foothills of the present Eifel in the eastern half of the Arduenna silva of the Romans. West of the Eifelgau lay the Ardennengau , whose name was derived from Arduenna silva . Following the end of the Frankish Empire the name of the old gaue continued to be used in popular language. Over the centuries an ever-larger region was referred to as the Eifel. Today

4118-427: The seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire . Because of its significance during the Roman and Holy Roman empires, several monuments and cathedrals within Trier are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . With an approximate population of 110,000, Trier is the fourth-largest city in its state, after Mainz , Ludwigshafen , and Koblenz . The nearest major cities are Luxembourg City (50 km or 31 mi to

4189-419: The south to the Lower Rhine Bay in the north. Through this zone existed at one time a sea link between north and south Central Europe. The remains of the sediments laid down at this time have survived to a greater extent in the Maubach- Mechernich Triassic Triangle in the north and in the Oberbettingen Triassic Graben in the area around Hillesheim and Oberbettingen . In the Upper Cretaceous and during

4260-401: The southwest), Saarbrücken (80 kilometres or 50 miles southeast), and Koblenz (100 km or 62 mi northeast). The University of Trier , the administration of the Trier-Saarburg district and the seat of the ADD ( Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion ), which until 1999 was the borough authority of Trier, and the Academy of European Law (ERA) are all based in Trier. It is one of

4331-491: The surface, and partly by melt-ascent at deep fractures in the Earth's crust. Research has shown that the volcanism is still active; the Eifel region is rising by 1–2 mm per year and there are escaping gases, for example, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the Laacher See . The Eifel is in the Atlantic climate zone with its relatively high precipitation; winters that are moderately cold and long with periods of snow; and summers that are often humid and cool. The prevailing wind

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4402-472: The then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate . On 1 January 1975, the until then self-administering municipality of Kennfus was amalgamated with Bad Bertrich. For the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Bad Bertrich served as the Swiss national football team’s training camp. The Swiss team stayed at the five-star Häcker’s Kurhotel Fürstenhof . This was made possible by, among others, former mayor Günter Eichberg, former president of FC Schalke 04 . The council

4473-456: The village became an Electoral-Trier state-owned spa. Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony , the last Elector of Trier, had the little Electoral palace built here between 1785 and 1787, and used it as a summer seat and a hunting lodge. Beginning in 1794, Bad Bertrich lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna , whereupon it became a Prussian state-owned spa. Since 1946, it has been part of

4544-404: The volume, Geologie der Eifel ("Geology of the Eifel"), whose fourth, revised, edition is now regarded as the standard work on the geology of the Eifel. The Eifel and its western continuation into Belgium, the Ardennes , are the remains of a Variscan truncated upland , much of it 400 million years old, that is part of the Rhenish Massif ( Rheinisches Schiefergebirge ). In the area of

4615-401: The western Eifel. East Eifel volcanism came to an end with a huge eruption, as a result of which the magma chamber emptied and collapsed, creating a caldera . Today's Laacher See formed in the caldera. The ashes from the eruption can be detected today in deposits all over Central Europe and as far as Bornholm as a thin layer. Volcanism is caused by magma , which either rises directly to

4686-550: The whole German-speaking part of the range between the Rhine, Meuse and Moselle is called the Eifel (including several areas outside of Germany, see the →  Belgian Eifel ), while the French-speaking part in Belgium and France is called the Ardennes . 762 Eifflensis pagus , 772 Eiffelnsis pagus , 804 in pago aquilinse , 838 Eifla , 845 Eiflensis pagus , 855 Eiflinsis pagus , 860–886 Agflinse , 975 Aiflensis pagus , 1051 Eiffila , 1105 Eifla , 1121 Eifla Müller/Schnetz (1937) believe that an -n- has dropped out between

4757-444: Was called Arduenna silva ("high forest"). The oldest record of the name "Eifel" does not occur until the Early Middle Ages . Following the collapse of the West Roman Empire , the Frankish Empire emerged in the territories of present-day France and western Germany. This was divided into gaue (Lat.: pagi ). One of them, the Eifelgau , covered the source regions of the rivers Erft , Urft , Kyll and Ahr , i.e. predominantly

4828-421: Was caught up in the Variscan mountain building process, pushed together and uplifted, and thus formed part of the Variscan mountain system that, in the Upper Carboniferous and early Permian , covered large areas of Europe. The Eifel geological structures like main folds and overthrusts can be traced in a SW-NE direction far beyond the Rhine valley. Since that folding, the Eifel has largely remained part of

4899-425: Was formed by the erosion of the ancient mountains of the Variscan mountain building phase and subsequent further uplifting. Individual mountain chains, up to 700 m, such as the Schneifel and High Fens , run through the western part of the plateau. In the eastern part, in the High Eifel and Volcanic Eifel , individual cinder cones and basalt kuppen , like the Hohe Acht and the Ernstberg , emerged as

4970-410: Was held in Trier in 1512, during which the demarcation of the Imperial Circles was definitively established. In the years from 1581 to 1593, the Trier witch trials were held. It was one of the four largest witch trials in Germany alongside the Fulda witch trials , the Würzburg witch trial , and the Bamberg witch trials , perhaps even the largest one in European history. The persecutions started in

5041-477: Was restarted in the 1970s, while the Cathedral of Trier was reopened in 1974 after undergoing substantial and long-lasting renovations. Trier officially celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1984. On 1 December 2020 , 5 people were killed by an allegedly drunk driver during a vehicle-ramming attack . The Ehrang/Quint district of Trier was heavily damaged and flooded during the 16 July 2021 floods of Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg. Trier sits in

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