Misplaced Pages

#518481

28-593: The margraves of Baden originated from the House of Zähringen . Baden is named after the margraves' residence, Hohenbaden Castle in Baden-Baden . Hermann II of Baden first claimed the title of Margrave of Baden in 1112. A united Margraviate of Baden existed from this time until 1535, when it was split into the two Margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden. Following a devastating fire in Baden-Baden in 1689,

56-481: A contiguous territorial duchy wedged between Swabia and Burgundy , in spite of late attempts on the part of Berthold V to increase his territorial sway (who as late as 1210 aimed at receiving the jurisdiction over St. Gallen ). Instead of territorial expansion, the dukes of Zähringen from the 1150s focused on attaining more immediate feudal control over the territories they already had. This included their policy of expanding settlements into fortified towns or cities and

84-468: A dynasty of Swabian nobility. The family's name derived from Zähringen Castle near Freiburg im Breisgau . The Zähringer in the 12th century used the title of Duke of Zähringen, in compensation for having conceded the title of Duke of Swabia to the Staufer in 1098. The Zähringer were granted the special title of Rector of Burgundy in 1127, and they continued to use both titles until the extinction of

112-497: Is not a Zähringer foundation (having been founded in 1286 by Louis I of Vaud ) but shared the characteristic layout of the Zähringer cities. Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia , Margrave of Verona (c. 1000–1078, r. 1061–1077), is also known as "Berthold I of Zähringen". Therefore, the succession of dukes of Zähringen begins with his son as Berthold II: Dukes of Zähringen: Other notable Zähringer: The Veronese margravial title

140-622: The Counts of Lenzburg until 1173). Ownership of the county of Rheinfelden and of Burgdorf also dates to c. 1198. The 'rectorate' of the county of Burgundy was granted in 1127 (inheritance of Otto-William, Count of Burgundy ). Ownership of Burgundy was contested, and Zähringer de facto rule was limited to the parts of Upper Burgundy east of the Jura and north of Lake Geneva . The territories south of Lake Geneva were conceded to Savoy and Provence in 1156. In compensation, Berthold IV received

168-613: The German Empire until 1918, succeeded by the Republic of Baden within the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany . From 1945 to 1952, South Baden and Württemberg-Baden were territories under French and American occupation, respectively. They were united with Württemberg-Hohenzollern to form the modern Federal State of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. Baden lies in the southwest of Germany, with most of its major cities on

196-703: The Upper Rhine Plain . Bounded by Lake Constance on the south and by the river Rhine on the south and west, the region of Baden stretches from the Linzgau , Lörrach and Freiburg im Breisgau to Karlsruhe and then on to Mannheim , leading to the Main and Tauber rivers. To its west lies the French historical region of Alsace , to its south Switzerland , the Palatinate to its northwest, Hesse to

224-556: The Welfs . Pursuing their territorial ambitions, the Zähringer founded numerous cities and monasteries on either side of the Black Forest , as well as in the western Swiss Plateau . After the extinction of the ducal line in 1218, parts of the family's territories reverted to the crown (attained imperial immediacy ), while other parts were divided between the houses of Kyburg , Urach and Fürstenberg . The earliest-known ancestor of

252-689: The Burgundian nobles to order. This latter duke was the founder of the city of Bern in 1191, and when he died in February 1218, the ducal line of the Zähringer became extinct. Among other titles, the Zähringen family acted as Reichsvogt of the Zürichgau area. After the extinction of the ducal line in 1218, much of its extensive territory in the Breisgau and modern-day Switzerland returned to

280-578: The Zähringer dukes until 1218. As a result, they are sometimes referred to as 'Dukes of Burgundy', although the existing Duchy of Burgundy was not an Imperial fief but a French one. Duke Berthold IV (d. 1186), who followed his father Conrad and founded the Swiss city of Fryburg (today's Fribourg-Freiburg) in 1157, spent much of his time in Italy in the train of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa . His son and successor, Berthold V , showed his prowess by reducing

308-527: The assassination of his nephew Count William III , Conrad claimed the inheritance of the County of Burgundy against Count Renaud III of Mâcon . Renaud prevailed, although he had to cede large parts of the eastern Transjuranian lands to Conrad, who thereupon was appointed by Emperor Lothair III as a 'rector' of the Imperial Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles . This office was confirmed in 1152 and held by

SECTION 10

#1732791853519

336-598: The capital was moved to Rastatt . The two parts were reunited in 1771 under Margrave Charles Frederick . The restored Margraviate with its capital Karlsruhe was elevated to the status of electorate in 1803. In 1806, the Electorate of Baden , receiving territorial additions, became the Grand Duchy of Baden . The Grand Duchy of Baden was a state within the German Confederation until 1866 and

364-476: The construction of new castles, mostly in their territories north of the Rhine. Their encroachment on the rights of the comital nobility south of the Rhine seems to have been resisted, mostly passively, but in the case of the lords of Glâne and Thun in an open revolt in 1191. The fragmentation of the Zähringer possessions after 1218 was an important factor in the communal movements of the late medieval period in

392-526: The crown, except for the allodial titles, which were divided between the counts of Urach (who subsequently called themselves the counts of Freiburg) and the counts of Kyburg , both descended from the sisters of Berthold V. Less than fifty years later, the Kyburgs died out, and large portions of their domains were inherited by the House of Habsburg . Bern achieved the status of a free imperial city , whereas other cities (such as Fribourg-Freiburg) only obtained

420-506: The ducal line in 1218. The territories and fiefs held by the Zähringer were known as the Duchy of Zähringen (German: Herzogtum Zähringen ), but it was not seen as a duchy in equal standing with the old stem duchies . The Zähringer attempted to expand their territories in Swabia and Burgundy into a fully recognized duchy, but their expansion was halted in the 1130s due to their feud with

448-595: The end of the German monarchy in 1918. For the Heads of the House of Baden until 1918, see List of rulers of Baden . Heads of the House of Baden since 1918: Adalbert I (d. 1196) was a son of Duke Conrad I of Zähringen. Upon the death of his brother Berthold IV in 1186, he inherited the family estates around Teck Castle and, from 1187, adopted the title of Duke of Teck. His descendant Conrad II of Teck (1235–1292) allegedly

476-426: The family von Wetter-Rheinfelden). Berthold II is so named both as Duke of Swabia (following Berthold of Rheinfelden, the first duke of Swabia of this name) and as head of the House of Zähringen (following his father, who is counted as Berthold I of Zähringen in spite of not historically having used the name Zähringen). Berthold II did use the name Zähringen, although he moved his main residence from Zähringen Castle to

504-614: The family was one Berthold, Count in the Breisgau (d. 982), who was first mentioned in 962. In view of his name, he may have been related to the Alemannic Ahalolfing dynasty . Count Berthold's great-grandson, the later Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia (posthumously known as Berthold I of Zähringen, c. 1000–1078), held several lordships ( Herrschaften ) in the Breisgau, in Thurgau , Ortenau and Baar . By his mother, he

532-426: The investiture right for the bishops of Geneva, Sion and Lausanne, de facto realised only in the case of Lausanne. The extinction of the counts of Lenzburg in 1173 strengthened the Zähringer position south of the Rhine, but their territorial expansion was halted following their support of the Welfs in the unsuccessful feud against Conrad III of Germany during 1138–1152. This frustrated their ambitions to carve out

560-413: The newly built Freiburg Castle in 1091. In 1092, Berthold II was elected Duke of Swabia against Frederick I of Hohenstaufen . In 1098, he reconciled with Frederick, renounced all claims to Swabia and instead concentrated on his possessions in the Breisgau region, assuming the title of Duke of Zähringen. He was succeeded in turn by his sons, Berthold III (d. 1122) and Conrad (d. 1152). In 1127, upon

588-458: The north, and parts of Bavaria to the northeast. Its eastern border with the region of Württemberg runs from the Kraichgau through the Black Forest , and from some parts of the forest to the Rhine the distances become as low as 18 kilometres (11 mi) in the so-called "Wespentaille" near Gaggenau . House of Z%C3%A4hringen The House of Zähringen ( German : Zähringer ) was

SECTION 20

#1732791853519

616-551: The region, including the imperial immediacy of Bern and Zürich, and the growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century. Among the cities founded or expanded by the Zähringer dukes ( German : Zähringerstädte ) are: Other towns owned by or under the jurisdiction ( Reichsvogtei ) of the Zähringer include: Solothurn (acquired 1127), Zürich (acquired 1173), Schaffhausen (acquired 1198) and Stein am Rhein . The city of Morges on Lake Geneva

644-480: The same status later in history. Berthold I (ancestor of both the House of Zähringen and the House of Baden) held the comital titles of Breisgau and Thurgau , as well as being reeve in Stein am Rhein (owned by the bishop of Bamberg ). The county of Thurgau was lost around 1077. In 1098, Berthold II, founder of the House of Zähringen proper, received Zähringen Castle and the jurisdiction over Zürich (alongside

672-553: The wife of King George V , became Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India. Francis's surviving children ceased using their German titles during World War I and (aside from Queen Mary) took the name Cambridge, with his eldest son ( Adolphus ) being made Marquess of Cambridge and his youngest son ( Alexander ) being made Earl of Athlone . This branch of the family died out in

700-452: Was designated King of the Romans shortly before his assassination. The line became extinct in 1439 with the death of Louis of Teck , Patriarch of Aquileia . In 1871, a ducal title with the same name was granted by King Charles I of Württemberg to Prince Francis of Teck (1837–1900), a morganatic son of Duke Alexander of Württemberg . Francis' daughter Mary of Teck (1867–1953), as

728-515: Was only a titular one, and Berthold subsequently lost it when, in the course of the Investiture Controversy , he joined the rising of his former rival Rudolf of Rheinfelden against German king Henry IV in 1073. Berthold's son Berthold II (c. 1050–1111), who like his father fought against Henry IV, inherited a lot of the lands of Rudolf's son Count Berthold of Rheinfelden in 1090 (though not his comital title, which stayed with

756-450: Was related to the rising Hohenstaufen family. Emperor Henry III had promised his vassal Berthold the Duchy of Swabia , but this was not fulfilled, as upon Henry's death, his widow Agnes of Poitou appointed Count Rudolf of Rheinfelden to the position of Duke of Swabia in 1057. In compensation, Berthold was made Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona in 1061. However, this dignity

784-459: Was used by Herman I of Baden , the eldest son of Berthold I of Zähringen . Herman's son, Herman II , was the first to use the title of Margrave of Baden in 1112. Now more commonly known as the House of Baden , Herman's descendants ruled successively as margraves until the Final Recess of 1803, as electors of the Electorate of Baden until 1806, then as Grand Dukes of Baden until

#518481