The Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area ( Portuguese : Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baixada Maranhense ) is an environmental protection area in the state of Maranhão , Brazil. It includes large areas of wetlands, and was designated a Ramsar site in 2000. The traditional population lives in the area, but human activities are regulated in an effort to preserve the environment.
16-1169: The Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area has an area of 1,775,035.6 hectares (4,386,208 acres) in 32 municipalities of the state of Maranhão. Baixada Maranhense means literally Maranhense Lowland. These are Alcântara , Altamira do Maranhão , Anajatuba , Arari , Bacabal , Bacabeira , Bacurituba , Bela Vista do Maranhão , Bequimão , Bom Jardim , Cajapió , Cajari , Cedral , Central do Maranhão , Conceição do Lago-Açu , Guimarães , Igarapé do Meio , Lago Verde , Matinha , Matões do Norte , Mirinzal , Monção , Olho d'Água das Cunhãs , Olinda Nova do Maranhão , Palmeirândia , Pedro do Rosário , Penalva , Peri Mirim , Pindaré-Mirim , Pinheiro , Pio XII , Porto Rico do Maranhão , Presidente Sarney , Santa Helena , Santa Inês , Santa Rita , Satubinha , Serrano do Maranhão , São Bento , São João Batista , São Luís , São Mateus do Maranhão , São Vicente Ferrer , Turiaçu , Turilândia , Viana , Vitorino Freire , and Vitória do Mearim . The traditional population includes indigenous people and some remnants of quilombo communities. The families fish, cultivate rice and breed buffaloes. The vegetation
32-564: A famous Brazilian goalkeeper, was born in the city. The municipality contains a small part of the Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area , a 1,775,035.6 hectares (4,386,208 acres) sustainable use conservation unit created in 1991 that has been a Ramsar Site since 2000. The Brazilian Space Agency maintains a launch site in Alcântara. The Alcântara Launch Center is located in
48-591: A project for a seaport which is currently underway. The main components of the Cyclone-4 launch site are the Technical Complex and the Launch Complex. The Satellite Assembly Integration and Testing Building is located in the Technical Complex. This building has clean rooms for receiving, testing, fuelling and satellite integration to the launch vehicle payload unit. This building is connected to
64-524: Is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Maranhão . The city has a population of 22,112 (2020) and an area of 1458 km . The municipality is 30 km away from the state's capital , São Luís . Founded by French explorers in the 16th century , Alcântara was later conquered by the Portuguese, who used the small village as a base to take São Luís from the Dutch in 1646. The city was declared by
80-477: Is a species of long-whiskered catfish native to the Suriname , Corantijn and Essequibo . The nocturnal predator feeds mainly on other fish and crabs. Females reach a more notable size. They become sexually mature at 56 cm (22 in), males at 45 cm (18 in) and this species reaches a maximum length of 90 cm (35 in) TL . Fecundity seems to be estimated at 8 million eggs per kg, but
96-484: Is being considered for merging .› The species is of interest for aquaculture for food production (and indirectly as conservation measure because it may lower the fishing pressure on wild population), as well as for production of fish. Maturation in earthen tanks of fish caught in the wild is not problematic, since manipulation of fish during fishing and transportation is well done. Reproduction may be obtained with two injections of Ovaprim® in 24 hours (10% and 90% of
112-1500: Is in the transition between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, and includes coastal marine influence, covering a large area of lacustrine basins. The soil is clay, with high water retention. During the rainy season from December to July the low fields are flooded, leaving islands of terra firma. Vegetation includes mangroves, babassu, riverine forests, Amazon rainforest remnants, lowland meadows and flooded meadows. Threatened and vulnerable species include West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), pearly parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida), bearded bellbird (Procnias averano), wattled jacana (Jacana jacana) and American purple gallinule (Porphyrula martinica). Other bird species include striated heron (Butorides striata), black-bellied whistling duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis), great egret (Ardea alba), ringed kingfisher (Megaceryle torquata), blue dacnis (Dacnis cayana), rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum), white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata), Neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) and white-winged swallow (Tachycineta albiventer). Fish species include Plagioscion squamosissimus , Prochilodus nigricans , Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum , Centropomus undecimalis , Micropogonias furnieri , Hoplias malabaricus and Pimelodus species. Common mammals are fox, howler monkey, monkey, peccary, deer, raccoon, paca and anteater. The Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area
128-550: Is tilted to the vertical position, and the final tests are performed automatically. The launch complex is designed so that the launch vehicle fuelling and launching are performed automatically, thus allowing a safe and reliable operation. On August 22, 2003, an accident occurred when a VLS-1 rocket accidentally exploded , killing 21 Brazilian technicians. Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum Platystoma fasciatum Silurus fasciatus Platystoma artedii Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum or barred sorubim or barred catfish
144-483: The Brazilian government as a National Historical Patrimony. The city's economy is based mainly on tourism and fishing. The climate is favorable, characterized by two well-defined seasons: a rainy season from January to June, and a dry season from July to December. The annual average temperature is 26.5 °C, and the wind blows predominantly from the east at an average speed of 12 m/s. Helton da Silva Arruda ,
160-511: The Launch Vehicle Assembly, Integration and Testing Building, where the launch vehicle parts are received and tested, and the entire vehicle assembled. The integration of the payload unit, already with the satellite, to the launch vehicle is performed in this building. The Launch Complex receives the Cyclone-4 launch vehicle horizontally by a railway that connects the launch complex to the technical complex. The launch vehicle
176-691: The historic city of Alcântara, close to city of Sao Luis, capital of the State of Maranhão. The geographic coordinates are 2°18′S and 44°22′W. The Launch Center comprises the Cyclone-4 Launch Site, under the responsibility of ACS, and a set of facilities under the responsibility of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB), and the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB), which include general infrastructure and dedicated complexes for
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#1732794255021192-494: The launching of the Brazilian Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). The overall infrastructure consists of an airport with a 2,600 meter-long runway, a Command and Control Sector equipped with telemetry, communication, meteorology, radar and electricity supply systems, and an Administrative center with hotels, a hospital and administrative buildings. The general infrastructure also includes roads, and
208-422: The recommended dosis, respectively), ovulation occurs after around 8 hr at 27 °C. Incubation of eggs is carried out in "Zug" jars and hatching occurs 24 hours after fertilization at 26,5 °C. Vitelus resorption takes 3 days but larvae start feeding 2 days after hatching, and may start active cannibalism at this moment. Feeding may start 48 hours post-hatching with freshly hatched artemia nauplii, seven times
224-583: Was created by Maranhão state decree 11.900 of 11 June 1991. The objective is to regulate use and occupation of the land, exploitation of natural resources , fishing, predatory hunting and breeding of buffalo, so as to preserve biological integrity, water quality and refuges for migratory birds. The conservation area has three sub-areas: Baixo Pindaré, Baixo Mearim-Grajaú and the Mearim-Pindaré Estuary - São Marcos Bay including Caranguejos Island. The Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area
240-608: Was designated a Ramsar Site in 2000. Ordnance 66 of 5 November 2012 assigned an area of 56,386.11 hectares (139,333.1 acres) to SEMA/MA as the Baixada Maranhense sustainable use conservation unit. The ordnance expected that a visitors centre would be built in the conservation unit. The APA lacks surveillance and management tools. Issues include construction of fish farming tanks, accumulation of solid waste and predatory hunting of wattled jacana and American purple gallinule. Alc%C3%A2ntara, Maranh%C3%A3o Alcântara
256-523: Was recently measured in aquaculture at a lower, and more likely number of 150,000 eggs laid per kg. According to Riehl and Haensch, five subspecies have been described: However, Buitrago–Suárez and Burr place P. f. brevifile, P. f. intermedium, and P. f. nigricans , in the synonymy of P. punctifer . P. f. reticulatum is elevated as another distinct species P. reticulatum . Previously, all subspecies except P. f. reticulatum were considered synonyms of P. fasciatum . ‹The template How-to
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