71-483: Banksia Grove may refer to places in Australia: Banksia Grove, Western Australia , a suburb of Perth Banksia Grove (Tasmania) , a forest [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
142-521: A 90% success rate and when immunized, the fish cannot succumb to a KHV outbreak and neither can the immunised koi pass KHV onto other fish in a pond. Only biosecurity measures such as prompt detection, isolation , and disinfection of tanks and equipment can prevent the spread of the disease and limit the loss of fish stock. In 2002, spring viraemia struck an ornamental koi farm in Kernersville, North Carolina , and required complete depopulation of
213-517: A female leather carp imported from Germany with a male Japanese Asagi or spotted carp. The leather carp is a low scaled variety bred in 1782 in Austria, and was sent to Japan from Munich, Germany in 1904, along with the mirror carp, which also has few scales. In Japan, these two varieties are called Doitsugoi (German carp), and Shūsui and its lineage are also called Doitsu or Doitsugoi in koi. In 1927, Shōwa Sanshoku (by Shigekichi Hoshino)
284-497: A further 3500 home sites to complement the existing 650 developed prior to 2005. In total an estimated 12,000 residents will call Banksia Grove home by the project's completion in 2020. The new community contains a diverse range of housing types to suit residents in differing life stages and backgrounds. Housing in the new section has fibre to the premises as standard, provided by NBN Co as an estate network, and resold by providers, which also transmits commercial television. Recently
355-537: A minimum of 1.5 m (5 ft). Specific pond construction has been evolved by koi keepers intent on raising show-quality koi. The bright colors of koi put them at a severe disadvantage against predators; a white-skinned Kōhaku is highly noticeable against the dark green of a pond. Herons , kingfishers , otters , raccoons , skunk , mink , cats , foxes , and badgers are all capable of spotting out koi and eating them. A well-designed outdoor pond has areas too deep for herons to stand, overhangs high enough above
426-671: A pond for viewing when he visited Mino Province (present Gifu Prefecture ) in the fourth year of his reign (74 AD). In Cui Bao's Gǔjīnzhù ( 古今注 , Annotations on the Ancient and Modern Period) from the Western Jin Dynasty (4th century A.D.) in China, carp of the following colors are described: red horse ( 赤驥 ), blue horse ( 青馬 ), black horse ( 玄駒 ), white horse ( 白騏 ), and yellow pheasant ( 黄雉 ). In China in those days, carp were called horses because they were believed to be
497-418: A proposed coffee shop will be open mid-2018. As of February 2019 a car wash facility has also commenced trading. Autobahn have also confirmed they will be opening for business in the near future. Even though Banksia Grove is only a ten-minute drive to the coast it is not considered a coastal suburb by Western Australian standards. The suburb currently has three primary schools and one high school: "Spring in
568-745: A separate species under the name C. rubrofuscus . Amur carp have been aquacultured as a food fish at least as long ago as the fifth century BC in China. The systematic breeding of ornamental Amur carp began in the 1820s in an area known as "Nijūmuragō" ( 二十村郷 , lit. ' twenty villages ' ) which spans Ojiya and Yamakoshi in Niigata Prefecture (located on the northeastern coast of Honshu ) in Japan. In Niigata Prefecture, Amur carp were farmed for food in Musubu Shinden, Kanbara County (present Akiba Ward, Niigata City ) from
639-621: A silver medal. After the exposition closed, they presented eight koi to the Crown Prince ( Emperor Showa ). This exhibition triggered an expansion of sales channels, and the market value of koi soared. In 1917, the Taishō Sanshoku (by Eizaburo Hoshino) was fixed as a breed. The name Nishikigoi is said to have been given by Kei Abe, who was the chief fisheries officer of the Niigata Prefectural Government in
710-492: A terminus on Glasshouse Drive in the western part of the suburb. This route services the Banksia Grove Shopping Centres. Selected services extend to Joseph Banks Secondary College and the reverse direction as well. In 2010-2011 Banksia Grove had 396 offences. Despite growing in population nine-fold over the last 7 years, a concerted effort by local police has kept this to 442 (2018-2019), decreasing
781-457: A thousand years ago by selectively breeding colored varieties; by the Song dynasty (960–1279), yellow, orange, white, and red-and-white colorations had been developed. Goldfish were introduced to Japan in the 16th century and to Europe in the 17th century. On the other hand, most ornamental koi breeds currently distributed worldwide originate from Amur carp ( Cyprinus rubrofuscus ) bred in Japan in
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#1732783299290852-409: A type of "pay it forward" group. Koi Koi ( 鯉 , English: / ˈ k ɔɪ / , Japanese: [koꜜi] ) , or more specifically nishikigoi ( 錦鯉 , Japanese: [ɲiɕi̥kiꜜɡoi] , literally " brocaded carp") , are colored varieties of carp ( Cyprinus sp.) that are kept for decorative purposes in outdoor koi ponds or water gardens . Koi is an informal name for
923-439: Is a hardy fish, and koi retain that durability. Koi are coldwater fish, but benefit from being kept in the 15–25 °C (59–77 °F) range, and do not react well to long, cold, winter temperatures; their immune systems are very weak below 10 °C (50 °F). Koi ponds usually have a metre or more of depth in areas of the world that become warm during the summer, whereas in areas that have harsher winters, ponds generally have
994-621: Is a suburb of Perth , Western Australia, located within the City of Wanneroo . Its postcode is 6031, and it was until the late 1990s part of Neerabup . The suburb is approximately 27 km NE of the Perth central business district , 8 km east of the coast and 5 km ENE of Joondalup. In 2005, the Banksia Grove Joint Venture partnership was established to revive and develop the suburb. The $ 2 billion project will create
1065-422: Is a tricky and tedious job, usually done only by professionals. Although a koi breeder may carefully select the parents they wish based on their desired characteristics, the resulting fry nonetheless exhibit a wide range of color and quality. Koi produce thousands of offspring from a single spawning. However, unlike cattle, purebred dogs, or more relevantly, goldfish, the large majority of these offspring, even from
1136-640: Is a valuable record of Nishikigoi of the Edo period (1603 – 1868). In 1900, there was a three-colored carp in Ritsurin Garden in Takamatsu , Kagawa Prefecture , and the price was over 1,000 yen per fish, which was a high price for that time. The three-colored carp had a red belly and asagi (light blue) back with black spots, and is thought to have been a mutation similar to today's Asagi koi. The magazine "Shonen" (1910) introduced Nishikigoi under
1207-619: Is expected to be completed by the end of 2019. Banksia Grove had a population of 9,350 at the 2016 census, 1,940 at the 2006 census, and 1,136 at the 2001 census. Banksia Grove Village was the first stage of the Banksia Grove District Shopping Centre. When completed it contained a Coles Supermarket , service station , several fast food outlets, a cafe and other small retail outlets. Woolworths and Aldi supermarkets are also now trading with several other outlets including chemist, hairdresser, fast food and
1278-634: Is known for either disease. Some koi farms in Israel use the KV3 vaccine, developed by M. Kotler from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and produced by Kovax, to immunise fish against KHV. Israel is currently the only country in the world to vaccinate koi against the KHV. The vaccine is injected into the fish when they are under one year old, and is accentuated by using an ultraviolet light. The vaccine has
1349-617: Is the Gosanke , which is made up of the Kōhaku , Taishō Sanshoku and Shōwa Sanshoku varieties. Carp are a large group of fish originally found in Central Europe and Asia . Various carp species were originally domesticated in China , where they were used as food fish. Carp are coldwater fish , and their ability to survive and adapt to many climates and water conditions allowed
1420-462: Is unstable and selection to maintain color variation is costly. For example, in current-day farming of koi as ornamental fish, the percentage of superior colored fish to the number of spawn is less than 1%. The Amur carp ( Cyprinus rubrofuscus ) is a member of the cyprinid family species complex native to East Asia . Amur carp were previously identified as a subspecies of the common carp (as C. c. haematopterus ), but recent authorities treat it as
1491-667: Is used today. One theory holds that, during World War II , the words Irokoi and Hanakoi (which can have sexual meanings) were changed to Nishikigoi because they were not suitable for the social situation of war. Another theory is that Nishikigoi , which was the original name for the popular Taishō Sanshoku variety, gradually became the term used for all ornamental koi. The koi are a group of breeds produced by artificial selection primarily from black carp called nogoi ( 野鯉 , lit. ' wild carp ' ) or magoi ( 真鯉 , lit. ' true carp ' ), which inhabit lakes, ponds, and rivers in Japan. The black carp refers to
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#17327832992901562-533: The Bunka and Bunsei eras (1804 – 1830), people in the Nijūmuragō area bred red and white koi in addition to black koi, and crossed them to produce red and white colored koi. After that, they further crossed them and perfected them. Around 1875, colored koi became popular and the number of breeders increased, and some expensive koi were produced, but Niigata Prefecture banned the aquaculture of ornamental koi because it
1633-763: The Eurasian carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), which was previously thought to have been introduced to Japan from Eurasia in prehistoric times. Philipp Franz von Siebold of the Netherlands, who stayed in Japan during the Edo period, reported in Fauna Japonica (1833–1850) that there were three species of carp in Japan: Cyprinus haematopterus , Cyprinus melanotus , and Cyprinus conirostris . This classification has not received much attention until recently, and it
1704-454: The Taisho era (1912–1926), after he admired the Taishō Sanshoku when he first saw it. In 1917, the fixation of Kōhaku (by Kunizo Hiroi), which had first been produced in the 1880s, was also assured. Apart from the koi of Niigata Prefecture's Nijūmuragō area, there is a variety called Shūsui ( 秋翠 ), which was created by Tokyo-based goldfish breeder Kichigoro Akiyama in 1906 by crossing
1775-588: The Yanchep line via the Joondalup railway station . Route 390 from Joondalup Station to Banksia Grove operates along Joondalup Drive and Grandis Boulevard to a terminus on Forever Boulevard in the eastern part of the suburb. Selected services deviate via Joseph Banks Secondary College , Banksia Grove Primary School, or along Viridian Drive, which was an old alignment of the route. Route 391 from Joondalup Station to Banksia Grove operates along Ghost Gum Boulevard to
1846-624: The 1910s. Before that time, Nishikigoi were called Madaragoi ( 斑鯉 , lit. ' spotted carp ' ), Kawarigoi ( 変鯉 , lit. ' variant carp ' ), Irogoi ( 色鯉 , lit. ' colored carp ' ), Moyōgoi ( 模様鯉 , lit. ' patterned carp ' ), and so on. A geographical book on Suruga Province (present-day Shizuoka Prefecture ), Abe Masanobu's Sunkoku Zasshi (1843), mentions that in addition to Asagi, purple, red, and white carp, there are "spotted carp (also known as Bekko carp)." This probably refers to two- or three-colored carp caused by mutation, and
1917-585: The 1980s have become very popular in the United Kingdom ; they are a hybrid of wild carp and Ogon koi and are distinguished by their metallic scales. Butterfly koi (also known as longfin koi, or dragon carp), also developed in the 1980s, are notable for their long and flowing fins. They are hybrids of koi with Asian carp . Butterfly koi and ghost koi are considered by some to be not true nishikigoi . The major named varieties include: Goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) were developed in China more than
1988-435: The 21st century, some wealthy Chinese have imported large quantities of koi from Niigata in Japan, and the price of high-quality carp has soared. In 2018, one carp was bought by a Chinese collector for about $ 2 million, the highest price ever. There are also cases in which purchased carp are bred in China and sold to foreign countries, and many breeds are spreading all over the world. The words "koi" and "nishikigoi" come from
2059-586: The Edo period as farmed carp in Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture ). Other carp of the same type as Yamatogoi are known as Yodogoi ( 淀鯉 , Yodo River carp) from Osaka and Shinshūgoi ( 信州鯉 , introduced Yodogoi ) from Nagano Prefecture . These carp were famous for their delicious taste. Since the Meiji period, Yamatogoi have been released into lakes and rivers throughout Japan, causing genetic contamination with native carp and making research on
2130-828: The Grove" is an annual community festival held on the first Sunday in November every year. The event is supported by the City of Wanneroo and the Banksia Grove Partnerships. It is organised and run by volunteers, and staged at various venues. In previous years it has been held at Discovery Park and the Joseph Banks Secondary College grounds. Discovery Park has a man-made stream meandering through ponds with sunny and shaded grassed areas, covered picnic tables and free electric barbecues. Because
2201-535: The Japanese words 鯉 (carp), and 錦鯉 (brocaded carp), respectively. In Japanese, "koi" is a homophone for 恋, another word that means "affection" or "love", so koi are symbols of love and friendship in Japan. Colored ornamental carp were originally called Irokoi (色鯉) meaning colored carp, Hanakoi (花鯉) meaning floral carp, and Moyōkoi (模様鯉) meaning patterned carp. There are various theories as to how these words came to be disused, in favor of Nishikigoi (錦鯉), which
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2272-609: The Middle Jomon Period (5500 – 4400 years ago). There are differences in the length distribution of carp excavated from Jomon and Yayoi sites, as estimated from the size of their pharyngeal teeth. Specifically, not only adult carp but also juvenile carp (less than 150 mm in length) have been found at the Yayoi site. This difference is thought to be due to the fact that the Jomon only collected carp from lakes and rivers, while
2343-586: The Southeast Asian carp, but not necessarily the Chinese. According to Zen Nippon Airinkai , a group that leads the breeding and dissemination of koi in Japan, there are more than 100 varieties of koi created through breeding, and each variety is classified into 16 groups. Koi varieties are distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation. Some of the major colors are white, black, red, yellow, blue, and cream. Metallic shades of gold and platinum in
2414-567: The Yayoi cultivated primitive carp along with the spread of rice paddies. It was previously thought that all Japanese carp were introduced from China in prehistoric times. However, recent analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed a significant evolutionary divergence (phylogenetic split) within common carp Cyprinus carpio between the native wild form found in Lake Biwa and the Eurasian wild form, along with domesticated varieties. This supports
2485-400: The ancestral species of the koi is C. rubrofuscus ( syn. C. c. haematopterus ) or at least an East Asian carp species instead of C. carpio . Regardless, a taxonomic review of Cyprinus carp from eastern and southeastern Asia may be necessary, as the genetic variations do not fully match the currently recognized species pattern, with one study of mtDNA suggesting that koi are close to
2556-598: The best champion-grade koi, are not acceptable as nishikigoi (they have no interesting colors) or may even be genetically defective. These unacceptable offspring are culled at various stages of development based on the breeder's expert eye and closely guarded trade techniques. Culled fry are usually destroyed or used as feeder fish (mostly used for feeding arowana due to the belief that it will enhance its color), while older culls, within their first year between 3 and 6 inches long (also called tosai ), are often sold as lower-grade, pond-quality koi. The semi-randomized result of
2627-421: The bottom of the pond and stay there. A sticky outer shell around the egg helps keep it in place so it does not float around. Although the female can produce many spawns, many of the fry do not survive due to being eaten by others. Like most fish, koi reproduce through spawning in which a female lays a vast number of eggs and one or more males fertilize them. Nurturing the resulting offspring (referred to as "fry")
2698-560: The colored variants of carp kept for ornamental purposes. There are many varieties of ornamental koi, originating from breeding that began in Niigata, Japan in the early 19th century. Several varieties are recognized by Japanese breeders and owners, distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation. Some of the major colors are white, black, red, orange, yellow, blue, brown and cream, besides metallic shades like gold and silver-white ('platinum') scales. The most popular category of koi
2769-465: The common carp and its relatives . Traditionally, Amur carp ( C. rubrofuscus ) were considered a subspecies of the common carp, often under the scientific name C. carpio haematopterus . However, they differ in meristics from the common carp of Europe and Western Asia, leading recent authorities to recognize them as a separate species, C. rubrofuscus ( C. c. haematopterus being a junior synonym ). Although one study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
2840-486: The domesticated species to be propagated to many new locations, including Japan. In Japan, Miocene fossils of the carp family ( Cyprinidae ) have been excavated from Iki Island in Nagasaki Prefecture . In addition, numerous carp pharyngeal teeth have been excavated from Jomon and Yayoi period sites. For example, pharyngeal teeth of the extinct species Jōmon Koi ( Cyprinus sp. ) in addition to
2911-601: The end of the Genna era (1615–1624). In the Nijūmuragō area, carp were also farmed in terraced ponds near terraced rice paddies by 1781 at the latest, but the ponds ran dry due to a severe drought that occurred around that time, and the carp escaped the disaster by taking refuge in ponds on the grounds of Senryu Shrine in Higashiyama Village and Juni Shrine in Higashitakezawa Village . During
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2982-589: The first half of the 19th century. Koi are domesticated Amur carp that are selected or culled for color; they are not a different species, and will revert to the original coloration within a few generations if allowed to breed freely. Some goldfish varieties, such as the common goldfish , comet goldfish , and shubunkin , have body shapes and coloration that are similar to koi, and can be difficult to tell apart from koi when immature. Goldfish and koi can interbreed; however, as they were developed from different species of carp, their offspring are sterile. The Amur carp
3053-577: The general public. In 1914, when the Tokyo Taishō Exposition was held, the "Koi Exhibit Association" was formed mainly by koi breeders in Higashiyama and Takezawa villages, and koi were exhibited. At the time, they were still called "colored carp" or "patterned carp," and they were described as "the first of their kind ever seen in the Tokyo area." And the koi received much attention, winning
3124-481: The idea of the ancient origin of the native Japanese form (Cyprinus sp.), as well as the East Asian ancient lineage of wild common carp (C. carpio), previously proposed on the basis of fossil data. However, it is unknown when the carp from the continent was introduced to Japan. In addition, a possible multiple origin of koi carp was indicated by the polyphyletic distribution of five mtDNA haplotypes of koi carp within
3195-426: The koi is a symbol of luck , prosperity , and good fortune , and also of perseverance in the face of adversity. Ornamental koi are symbolic of Japanese culture and are closely associated with the country's national identity. The custom of koinobori (carp streamers), which began in the Edo period (1603–1867), is still practiced today and displayed in gardens on Children's Day , 5 May. In Chinese culture,
3266-400: The koi represents fame, family harmony , and wealth . It is a feng shui favorite, symbolizing abundance as well as perseverance and strength, and has a mythical potential to transform into a dragon . Since the late 20th century, the keeping of koi in outdoor water gardens has become popular among the more affluent Chinese. Koi ponds are found in Chinese communities around the world, and
3337-411: The koi's reproductive process has both advantages and disadvantages for the breeder. While it requires diligent oversight to narrow down the favorable result that the breeder wants, it also makes possible the development of new varieties of koi within relatively few generations. Koi have been accidentally or deliberately released into the wild in every continent except Antarctica . They quickly revert to
3408-412: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banksia_Grove&oldid=339837203 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Banksia Grove, Western Australia Banksia Grove
3479-713: The modern species of carp ( Cyprinus carpio or Cyprinus rubrofuscus ) have been excavated from the Akanoi Bay lakebed site ( 赤野井湾湖底遺跡 ) in Lake Biwa at the end of the Early Jomon Period (11,500 – 7,000 years ago). In addition, pharyngeal teeth of all six subfamilies of the Cyprinidae family living in Japan today, including carp (Cyprinus), have been found at the Awazu lakebed site ( 粟津湖底遺跡 ) dating from
3550-519: The more established section received and is continuing to receive further rollout of the National Broadband Network , as is some sections of the new area. Major facilities for the area include: In late 2018, development of a parcel of land began that is in close proximity to the shopping precinct. Named "Coda", it primarily consists of high density narrow lots, with two story homes. Sales of all lots and builds of individual homes
3621-589: The name of Madaragoi (spotted carp) or Kawarigoi (variant carp), and said that even skilled fish breeders did not know how they could produce Nishikigoi , but only waited for them to be produced by chance. The price of Nishikigoi at a fish show in Fukagawa , Tokyo, was 100 to 150 yen per fish, which was "extremely expensive" at the time. Therefore, even at that time, mutant Nishikigoi were known to some fish breeders and hobbyists in Tokyo, but artificial breeds such as Nijūmuragō's Nishikigoi were still unknown to
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#17327832992903692-492: The natural coloration of an Amur carp within a few generations. In many areas, they are considered an invasive species and a pest . In the states of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia, they are considered noxious fish. Koi greatly increase the turbidity of the water because they are constantly stirring up the substrate. This makes waterways unattractive, reduces the abundance of aquatic plants, and can render
3763-421: The origin of the Japanese carp difficult. Koi is thought to be primarily of this Yamatogoi (Amur carp) lineage, but it also carries some genes of the native Japanese carp. In the past, koi were commonly believed to have been bred from the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Extensive hybridization between different populations, coupled with widespread translocations, has muddled the historical zoogeography of
3834-403: The parasites that affect more sensitive tropical fish species, such as Trichodina , Epistylis , and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections. Water changes help reduce the risk of diseases and keep koi from being stressed. Two of the biggest health concerns among koi breeders are the koi herpes virus (KHV ) and rhabdovirus carpio, which causes spring viraemia of carp (SVC). No treatment
3905-400: The ponds and a lengthy quarantine period. For a while after this, some koi farmers in neighboring states stopped importing fish for fear of infecting their own stocks. When koi naturally breed on their own they tend to spawn in the spring and summer seasons. The male will start following the female, swimming right behind her and nudging her. After the female koi releases her eggs they sink to
3976-743: The ratio per 100 residents, and the suburb is maturing as a social place to live. Police response times are better than most outer suburbs, having the academy, along with Joondalup and Wanneroo Police stations within close transit. In late 2018 a neighbourhood watch was established. A visibly higher police presence is also attributable to the Joondalup Police Academy using Joondalup Drive quite frequently to travel to Bullsbrook, where they engage in training in police pursuits, off-road capabilities and other driver skills required by their industry. Community members are able to become part of two established Facebook groups and several buy/sell and
4047-448: The scales have also been developed through selective breeding. Although the possible colors are virtually limitless, breeders have identified and named a number of specific categories. The most notable category is Gosanke ( 御三家 ) , which is made up of the Kōhaku , Taishō Sanshoku , and Shōwa Sanshoku varieties. New koi varieties are still being actively developed. Ghost koi developed in
4118-420: The surface. When they are eating, koi can be checked for parasites and ulcers. Naturally, koi are bottom feeders with a mouth configuration adapted for that. Some koi have a tendency to eat mostly from the bottom, so food producers create a mixed sinking and floating combination food. Koi recognize the persons feeding them and gather around them at feeding times. They can be trained to take food from one's hand. In
4189-463: The three colors were in Japan at that time. However, it is believed that these single-colored carp were not a variety created by artificial selection , as is the case with today's koi, but rather a mutation-induced color change. In ancient times, carp was farmed primarily for food. Mutational color variation in carp is relatively common in nature, but is not suitable for development alongside farming for food in poor rural communities; color inheritance
4260-534: The vehicles of hermits and to run in the sky. Japan's oldest drug dictionary, Fukane Sukehito's Honzō Wamyō ( 本草和名 , 918) mentions red carp ( 赤鯉 ), blue carp ( 青鯉 ), black carp ( 黒鯉 ), white carp ( 白鯉 ), and yellow carp ( 黄鯉 ) as Japanese names corresponding to the above Chinese names, suggesting that carp of these colors existed in China and Japan in those days. In addition, Hitomi Hitsudai's drug dictionary Honchō Shokkan ( 本朝食鑑 , Japanese Medicine Encyclopedia, 1697) states that red, yellow, and white carp of
4331-463: The water becomes warm in the spring. Koi have been reported to achieve ages of 100–200 years. One famous scarlet koi named " Hanako " was owned by several individuals, the last of whom was Komei Koshihara. In July 1974, a study of the growth rings of one of the koi's scales reported that Hanako was 226 years old. Some sources give an accepted age for the species at little more than 50 years. Koi are very hardy. With proper care, they resist many of
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#17327832992904402-472: The water that mammals cannot reach in, and shade trees overhead to block the view of aerial passers-by. It may prove necessary to string nets or wires above the surface. A pond usually includes a pump and a filtration system to keep the water clear. Koi are an omnivorous fish. They eat a wide variety of foods, including peas, lettuce, and watermelon. Koi food is designed not only to be nutritionally balanced, but also to float so as to encourage them to come to
4473-429: The water unsuitable for swimming or drinking, even by livestock. In some countries, koi have caused so much damage to waterways that vast amounts of money and effort have been spent trying to eradicate them, largely unsuccessfully. In many areas of North America, koi are introduced into the artificial " water hazards " and ponds on golf courses to keep water-borne insect larvae under control through predation. In Japan,
4544-414: The waterway system is isolated from natural water, it is able to be stocked with a large amount of colourful koi . It also has an open-air amphitheatre. Adjoining this is Pitstop Playground, which has a training cycleway for children, and play equipment. A skatepark was opened in 2019 on the corner of Grandis Boulevard and Pinjar Road . The suburb is served by bus routes which provide connections to
4615-402: The winter, their digestive systems slow nearly to a halt, and they eat very little, perhaps no more than nibbles of algae from the bottom. Feeding is not recommended when the water temperature drops below 10 °C (50 °F). Care should be taken by hobbyists that proper oxygenation, pH stabilization, and off-gassing occur over the winter in small ponds. Their appetites do not come back until
4686-418: The ‘Eurasian’ clade. Moreover, the oldest record of the introduction of non-native fish in Japan is that of goldfish from China (1502 or 1602), and there is no record of carp (including colored carp) until the introduction of the mirror carp , called Doitsugoi (German carp), in 1904. In the Japanese history book Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan, 720), it is written that Emperor Keikō released carp in
4757-458: Was considered a speculative business, and the business suffered a major blow for a time. However, the ban was lifted soon after, thanks to the petition of the villagers. At that time, colored koi included Kōhaku , Asagi , Ki Utsuri , etc. From this original handful of koi varieties, all other Nishikigoi varieties were bred, with the exception of the Ogon variety (single-colored, metallic koi), which
4828-554: Was developed relatively recently. Koi breeding flourished in the Nijūmuragō area for two reasons: 1) the custom of raising koi in fallow fields for emergency food during the winter, and 2) the existence of many inden ( 隠田 ), or hidden rice fields in the mountains, unknown to the lord, which allowed the farmers to avoid taxes and become relatively wealthy. Breeding of koi was promoted as a hobby of farmers who could afford it, and high-quality individuals came to be bought and sold. The name Nishikigoi (brocaded carp) did not exist until
4899-618: Was fixed as a breed, and in 1939, koi were exhibited at the Japanese pavilion at the Golden Gate International Exposition held in San Francisco. The hobby of keeping koi eventually spread worldwide. They are sold in many pet aquarium shops, with higher-quality fish available from specialist dealers. Collecting koi has become a social hobby. Passionate hobbyists join clubs, share their knowledge and help each other with their koi. In particular, since
4970-663: Was thought that only one species of carp existed in Japan. However, recent analysis of mitochondrial DNA has revealed that there are at least two species of carp in Japan: native carp and carp from Eurasia. Currently, the Japanese native carp is assumed to be Cyprinus melanotus , and a new scientific name for it is being considered. Cyprinus haematopterus is thought to refer to the Amur carp of Eurasian origin, traditionally called Yamatogoi ( 大和鯉 , lit. ' carp of Yamato Province ' ) in Japan. Yamatogoi have been famous since
5041-470: Was unable to find a clear genetic structure matching the geographic populations (possibly because of translocation of carp from separate regions), others based on mtDNA, microsatellite DNA and genomic DNA found a clear separation between the European/West Asian population and the East Asian population, with koi belonging in the latter. Consequently, recent authorities have suggested that
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