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68-479: [REDACTED] Look up barbershop in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Barbershop may refer to: A place where barbers work Barbershop music , an a cappella musical style Barbershop quartet , a quartet of singers Barbershop franchise [ edit ] Barbershop (franchise) , an American comedy film franchise Barbershop (film) ,

136-522: A barbershop or hairdressing salon . The barber's trade has a long history: razors have been found among relics of the Bronze Age (around 3500 BC ) in Egypt. The first barbering services were performed by Egyptians in 5000 BC with instruments they had made from oyster shells or sharpened flint . In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are

204-577: A 2002 American comedy film directed by Tim Story Barbershop (soundtrack) , a soundtrack album from the film Barbershop 2: Back in Business , a 2004 American comedy film directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan Barbershop 2: Back in Business (soundtrack) , a soundtrack album from the film Barbershop: The Next Cut , a 2016 American comedy film directed by Malcolm D. Lee Barbershop: The Next Cut (soundtrack) ,

272-528: A cosmetology certificate. Community colleges would be cheaper, but when Iowa Central Community College applied to the state cosmetology board in 2004 to start a program, the Iowa Cosmetology School Association and La’ James International College sued, arguing that the state code prohibits public entities from competing with private entities. The community college agreed not to give certificate programs. According to The Times ,

340-620: A dermatologist or other medical professional. Estheticians are also referred to as beauticians within North America. Many chemicals in salon products pose potential health risks. Examples of hazardous chemicals found in common treatments (e.g. hair coloring, straightening, perms, relaxers, keratin treatments, Brazilian Blowouts, and nail treatments) include dibutyl phthalate, formaldehyde, lye (sodium hydroxide), ammonia, and coal tar. Allergies and dermatitis have forced approximately 20% of hairdressers to stop practicing their profession. In

408-754: A gas. Formaldehyde is a common ingredient in Brazilian blowouts, Cadiveu, and Keratin Complete Smoothing Therapies. Four laboratories in California, Oregon, and Canada, confirmed a popular hair straightening treatment, the Brazilian Blowout , contained between 4% and 12% formaldehyde. Oregon OSHA demonstrated that other keratin-based hair smoothing products also contain formaldehyde, with concentrations from 1% to 7%. Formaldehyde may be present in hair smoothing solutions or as

476-818: A large part of the working population. Many cosmetologists begin their careers before reproductive age and before family planning, which may put them at higher risk for reproductive health effects from exposure to workplace cosmetology chemicals. In the United States the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for public safety regarding cosmetic products and the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act regulates these products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) utilizes an "Expert Panel" to review available data on cosmetic ingredients and determine whether or not chemical ingredients in cosmetic products are safe to use considering how they are currently utilized. However, this protocol

544-422: A licensed cosmetologist opens the door to becoming self-employed and working at high-end salons. As a licensed cosmetologist, each has the option to choose which salon fits best to work in but a self-employed salon will bring more income as long as having the right business plan for it to succeed. Each candidate registering for a salon has to obtain a certificate of registration and present all required paperwork with

612-529: A product containing any of these names should be treated as a product containing formaldehyde. OSHA's Hazard Communication standard ( Right to Know ) states that salon owners and other employers' must have a SDS for products containing hazardous chemicals. If salon owners or other employers decide to use products that contain or release formaldehyde they are required to follow the guidelines in OSHA's Formaldehyde standard. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA),

680-944: A referent group of teachers and salesclerks where the only occupational difference were exposure to the toxic trio. Hairdressers and cosmetologists have a slightly increased risk of having an infant with small gestational age. Reproductive disorders in relation to low birth weight were examined and found an increased risk of having infant with low birth weight; three of these studies showed a significant increase. Case studies on toluene exposures have found increased incidences of urogenital, gastrointestinal, and cardiac anomalies among children of mothers who were exposed to organic solvents, such as toluene. Associations were found between pregnant women who inhaled Formaldehyd, phthalates, and toluene and adverse reproductive outcomes such as intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery. Hairdressers report premature ovarian failure five times more frequently than women in non-cosmetologist occupations. In

748-520: A social gathering for debates and gossip. The barbers used a rough cloth (ὠμόλινον) on their shoulders to keep the hairs off their dresses. There were also female barbers (κουρεύτριαι). Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 BC, and barbershops ( Latin : tonstrīna , lit. "clipperies") quickly became very popular centers for daily news and gossip. A morning visit to

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816-685: A soundtrack album from the film Barbershop (TV series) , a 2005 sitcom based on the films Other uses [ edit ] Barbershop Canyon , a valley in Arizona Barbershop in Germany , the association for barbershop music in Germany The Barbershop , an 1894 American short narrative film directed by William K.L. Dickson and William Heise Barbershop paradox , a historically interesting logic problem by Lewis Carroll Kapsalon (English: "barbershop")

884-493: A vapor in the air. Stylists and clients may inhale formaldehyde as a gas or a vapor into the lungs and respiratory tract. Formaldehyde vapor can also make contact with mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, or throat. Formaldehyde solutions may be absorbed through the skin during the application process of liquid hair straighteners. Solutions of formaldehyde can release formaldehyde gas at room temperature and heating such solutions can speed up this process. Exposure often occurs when heat

952-462: Is a Dutch fast food Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Barbershop . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbershop&oldid=1027941422 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1020-402: Is a behavior where mice will use their teeth to pluck out hairs from the face of cage mates when they groom each other. It is practised by both male and female mice. The "barber" plucks the vibrissae of the recipient. The behavior is probably related to social dominance . Cosmetology Cosmetology (from Greek κοσμητικός , kosmētikos , "beautifying"; and -λογία , -logia )

1088-440: Is a manufactured chemical used as a plasticizer. It is used to make plastics more flexible and can be found in paints, glue, insect repellents, hair spray, nail polish, and rocket fuel. Due to its flexibility and film forming properties, it is an ideal ingredient in cosmetics and cosmetology products. DBP is mainly used in nail products as a solvent for dyes and as a plasticizer that prevents nail polishes from becoming brittle, but

1156-439: Is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's bar , to be somebody." Barbershops from black barbers at first mostly served wealthy Caucasians. In the later part of the century they opened barbershops in black communities for serving black people. The average shop cost $ 20 to equip in 1880. It was about ten by twelve feet. A hair cut in 1880 would cost five or ten cents and shaving cost three cents. In

1224-492: Is also able to perform corrective color applications and create special effects using foiling techniques or any other advanced color application methods. A shampoo technician shampoos and conditions a client's hair in preparation for the hair stylist. This is generally an apprentice position and a first step for many just out of cosmetology school. Estheticians are licensed professionals who are experts in maintaining and improving skin. An esthetician's general scope of practice

1292-428: Is also known that, "more than 9,000 chemicals are found in cosmetic products". Hairdressers use a wide range of products containing chemicals. "Hair dyes represent the largest segment of chemical products in the hair market today. As such, they are the main source of chemical exposure among hairdressers". Toluene is a clear, water insoluble liquid with a distinct and pungent smell, similar to paint thinners. Toluene

1360-487: Is also used in hair sprays, to help avoid stiffness by allowing them to form a flexible film on the hair. Dibutyl phthalate has been linked to reproductive issues in humans if the mother is exposed while pregnant and has been banned for use by the European Union and certain phthalate esters have been shown to cause reproductive toxicity in animal models. Formaldehyde is a colorless, strong smelling liquid that

1428-425: Is applied to the treatment, via blow drying and flat ironing. Stylists and clients have reported acute health problems while using or after using certain hair smoothing treatments containing formaldehyde. Reported problems include nose-bleeds, burning eyes and throat, skin irritation and asthma attacks. Other symptoms related to formaldehyde exposure include watery eyes; runny nose; burning sensation or irritation in

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1496-494: Is commonly found in nail polish and is used as a binder to increase the amount of time that the polish stays on the nail. Toluene is an industrial solvent and is usually in nail polish removers. Formaldehyde can be found in a variety of beauty products but is generally found in hair straightening products and hair dyes as well as in some nail polishes. Each chemical member of the toxic trio has independently been found to have adverse reproductive effects in humans, so there concern that

1564-480: Is derisive jargon in craps , and refers to the commingling of " gaming cheques of different denominations". Wagers that combine different denominations are "supposed to be stacked with the highest denomination at the bottom". The market for barber supplies is estimated to have revenue of around twenty billion dollars. The industry in the U.S. market is expected to grow by around 3% per year between 2017 and 2022. The term "barbering" when applied to laboratory mice

1632-489: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Barber In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons ) also performed surgery and dentistry . With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards in Anglophonic cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair . In modern times,

1700-422: Is found in cosmetic products such as nail polish, nail glue, and hair dyes and is widely used as an industrial solvent and is used to make fingernail polishes, lacquers, adhesives, rubber, and paint thinners. It is used in the production of benzene, gasoline, nylon, plastics, and polyurethane. Toluene can be found on cosmetic labels under the names, benzene, toluol, phenylmethane, and methylbenzene. Toluene enters

1768-632: Is highly volatile, making exposure to both workers and clients potentially unhealthy. Both the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) classify formaldehyde as a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde has been linked to nasal and lung cancer, with possible links to brain cancer and leukemia. Growing evidence reveals that various popular hair-smoothing treatments contain formaldehyde and release formaldehyde as

1836-730: Is limited to the epidermis (the outer layer of skin). Estheticians work in many different environments such as salons, medi-spas, day spas, skin care clinics, and private practices. Estheticians may also specialize in treatments such as microdermabrasion , microcurrent (also known as non-surgical "face lifts"), cosmetic electrotherapy treatments ( galvanic current , high frequency), LED ( light-emitting diode ) treatments, ultrasound /ultrasonic (low level), and mechanical massage (vacuum and G8 muscle vibrating). An esthetician may undergo special training for treatments such as laser hair removal, permanent makeup application, light chemical peels, eyelash extensions, microblading, and electrology . In

1904-474: Is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam. The barber pole, featuring blue, red and white spiraling stripes, symbolizes different aspects of

1972-429: Is no longer a legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving, coloring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose. In Australia, during the mid to late 20th century, the official term for a barber was men's hairdresser ; barber was only a popular title for men's hairdressers. During this time, most would work in either

2040-583: Is only helpful if applied to all cosmetology workplaces in the United States. An investigation carried out by the Environmental Working Group revealed only 11% of more than 10,000 cosmetic ingredients documented by the FDA were evaluated in a CIR review. Research studies have shown that although "toxicological considerations play an increasingly significant role in product formulation; reproductive risks are not typically taken into account. It

2108-579: Is responsible for inspections of worker health and safety. It is estimated 375,000 nail technicians work in nail salons in the United States. Yet in 2005, OSHA inspected only 18 nail salons because businesses are exempt from inspection if they have 10 employees or less. According to the Asian American Resource Workshop, Vietnamese nail salon workers hold 40% of nail technician licenses in the United States. "It's long hours, low hourly pay, and fierce competition from every corner of

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2176-417: Is sometimes required when specializing in areas such as medical esthetics (working in a doctor's office). Estheticians work under a dermatologist 's supervision only when employed by the dermatologist's practice. Estheticians treat a wide variety of skin issues that are cosmetic in nature, such as mild acne , hyperpigmentation , and aging skin; therefore, clients with skin disease and disorders are referred to

2244-415: Is the study and application of beauty treatment . Branches of specialty include hairstyling , skin care , cosmetics , manicures / pedicures , non-permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring , and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and intense pulsed light (IPL). In the United States as of 2008, an occupational license is required in all states to be a cosmetologist, with

2312-558: The United States , the blue stripe is also sometimes used to match the flag . In South Korea , barber's poles are used both for actual barbershops and for brothels. In Forest Grove, Oregon , the "World's Tallest Barber Shop Pole" measures 72 feet (22 m). Because of its bright bands and colors, the redbanded rockfish Sebastes babcocki is referred to as "barber pole". Other pseudonyms include bandit, convict, canary, Hollywood, and Spanish flag. The phrase barber pole

2380-525: The European Union approaches cosmetics and their production under the precautionary principle. The EU has banned 1,328 chemicals from use in cosmetics and does not permit animal testing for cosmetics. OSHA requires manufacturers, importers, and distributors to identify formaldehyde on any product that contains more than 0.1% formaldehyde (as a gas or in a solution), or if the product can release formaldehyde at concentrations greater than 0.1 parts per million ( ppm ). Safety data sheets (SDS) must also accompany

2448-449: The FDA as registration is purely voluntary. The FDA cannot legally order a recall of cosmetic products in the U.S. even if they have been shown to have poor health outcomes. A product recall relies on the cosmetic manufacturer and is therefore completely voluntary. In contrast, the European Union requires cosmetic products to undergo premarket safety testing and requires mandatory cosmetology product and ingredient registration. In general,

2516-505: The FEIN, Federal employer identification number to Illinois Department of Labor . However, according to The New York Times , cosmetology schools are expensive and train students for low-paid jobs that do not allow students to pay back the debt. Iowa has the strictest requirements for a cosmetology degree: 2,100 hours of instruction. The Times interviewed over twenty former students. One typical student paid $ 21,000 for tuition and supplies at

2584-546: The Iowa School of Beauty. After getting her license in 2005, she was hired at a local Great Clips, at $ 9 an hour. Thirteen years after graduating, she owes more than $ 8,000 on her loans. In contrast, an Iowa emergency medical technician certification at a community college requires only 132 hours, according to the Times. Iowa is particularly expensive, but for-profit beauty schools across the U.S. charge an average of $ 17,000 for

2652-458: The U.S. literacy project Barbershop Books, which sets up reading stations in barbershops to promote a culture of reading among African American boys. Public health researchers have also explored barbershops as a venue for sexual health education. In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in

2720-533: The U.S., the FDA does not mandate premarket approval for cosmetic ingredients or products, with the exception of color. Additionally, the FDA is not legally responsible for cosmetic product or ingredient safety and does not have the authority to require manufactures to submit their safety data to the FDA. Instead, the cosmetic manufacturer is legally responsible for correctly labeling and producing their products with safe ingredients. U.S. cosmetic companies are also not required to register their product or ingredients with

2788-566: The US, estheticians must be licensed in the state in which they are working and are governed by the cosmetology board requirements of that state. Estheticians must complete a minimum 260–1500 hours of training and pass both a written and hands-on exam in order to be licensed in a given state. Utah , Virginia and Washington are the only states at this time to adopt the Master Esthetician License. Additional post graduate training

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2856-484: The United States, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) defines cosmetics as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body…for cleansing, beautifying promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance”. Products such as nail polish, hair coloring, straightening formulas, and shampoos fall under this definition of cosmetics. In

2924-506: The United States, whether planning to study cosmetology or specialize in a specific area, each state has different requirements that must be fulfilled before obtaining a license. For example, the State of Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulations requires each candidate to complete their hours through a licensed cosmetology school program where new skills are taught and learned such as hair coloring , styling, hair cutting and

2992-847: The average cost of a certificate from a for-profit school being $ 17,000 and 1,500 required hours (ten times the hours required for an EMT ) with cosmetologists making a median wage of $ 25,000. Cosmetologists are trained and licensed to perform cosmetic treatments to the hair, skin, and nails. This can be expanded into multiple parts including cutting and chemically treating hair, chemical hair removal, fashion trends, wigs, nails and skin care, skin and hair analysis; relaxation techniques including head, neck, scalp, hand and feet basic massage and aroma therapies; plus ability to expertly apply makeup applications to cover up dark spots or promote and can expand into further specialties such as reflexology; theatrical applications; cosmetics and others as listed below. A hair color specialist, or hair colorist, specializes in

3060-602: The barber ( tonsor ) became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public baths , and a young man's first shave ( tonsura ) was considered an essential part of his coming of age ceremony. Roman barbers employed rudimentary mirrors and wielded combs, razors, scissors, curling irons, specialized tools for beard removal and pomata to remove unwanted hair elsewhere. A few Roman barbers became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favorite public locations of high society . Most, however, were simple tradesmen who owned small storefronts or worked in

3128-520: The barber works. Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barbershop industry has seen continued positive growth. In 2018 there was a trial that had barbers check high blood pressure in barbershops and have a pharmacist meet and treat the patient in the barbershop, with positive results. In 2018, Arthur Rubinoff opened a museum with barber poles and antique barber equipment in Manhattan . The barber Sam Mature , whose interview with Studs Terkel

3196-410: The beauty and cosmetology industries, some of the products used in hair dyes and nail applications contain chemicals that have been shown to have adverse health effects for cosmetologists. A chemical combination known as the toxic trio is often part of the ingredient list in nail polish, hair dyes, and nail polish removers. The toxic trio consists of formaldehyde, toluene and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). DBP

3264-404: The black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory microcosm of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It

3332-425: The block" and with such fierce competition between businesses, salaries are reduced even further. As a result, a majority of these immigrants are subject to low socioeconomic status; which subsequently reduces opportunity to be educated about the occupational chemicals they are exposed to in the workplace and reduces opportunity to seek health care if adverse health effects are experienced from chemical exposure. In

3400-486: The cosmetology schools have prevented efforts to lower the number of hours required for a certificate. In the United Kingdom, Typically there are two routes to training in cosmetology. An NVQ (National Vocational Qualification) is a backbone qualification designed for those starting out in the industry. Short courses are bolt-on courses that specialise into further fields of cosmetology. Both of these options allow

3468-541: The cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $ 6,500 and $ 10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools' tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $ 50 to $ 150. Length – Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on

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3536-432: The craft. It is a symbol from the time when barbers used to perform medical procedures. The white and red stripes represent bandages and blood while the blue stripes represent veins. The pole may be stationary or may rotate, often with the aid of an electric motor . A spinning barber pole creates a visual illusion , in which the stripes appear to be traveling up or down the length of the pole, rather than around it. In

3604-399: The duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks. Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 19th century in the United States as African American businesses that helped to develop African American culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place,

3672-484: The earliest recorded examples of barbers. In addition, the art of barbering played a significant role across continents. Mayan, Aztec, Iroquois, Norse and Mongolian cultures utilized shave art as a way to distinguish roles in society and wartime. Men in Ancient Greece would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the κουρεύς ( cureus ), in an agora (market place) which also served as

3740-480: The environment when materials like fingernail polish, paints, paint thinners, and adhesives are used. It rapidly mixes with the air and individuals who work with paint, lacquer, or dyes have greater exposures to toluene via dermal and respiratory routes. Toluene inhalation during pregnancy has led to neonatal effects, including intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery, congenital malformations, and postnatal developmental retardation. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)

3808-502: The eyes, nose, and throat; dry and sore throat; respiratory tract irritation; coughing; chest pain; shortness of breath; wheezing; loss of sense of smell; headaches; and fatigue. The presence of Formaldehyde, phthalates, and toluene (the toxic trio) in the work environment play a role in the risk of reproductive health effects for cosmetologists. Studies shows that there is a significant increase in premature birth and an increased risk of pregnancy disorders when hairdressers were compared to

3876-522: The late 19th and early 20th century, barbershops became a common business in the United States where people would go to have their hair cut by a professional barber with good equipment. People would also play board games , talk about recent events, or gossip. They have also occasionally been used for public debates or voicing public concerns. Most modern barbershops have special barber chairs , and special equipment for rinsing and washing hair. In some barbershops, people can read magazines or watch TV while

3944-632: The modification of natural hair color utilizing various application methods while using a colorant product from a professional company. In the US, some colorists are qualified through the American Board of Certified Hair Colorists. This designation is used to recognize colorists that have a greater level of competency in the industry through a written exam and a practical exam. A hair color specialist's duties might include, but are not limited to, basic color applications, like covering grey, and lightening or darkening natural hair color. A color specialist

4012-436: The presence of all three chemicals in cosmetologist supplies could pose a detrimental health risk for cosmetologists. As a profession, cosmetology is predominantly female, most of whom are of reproductive age. There are more than one million women registered and licensed as cosmetologists in the United States and roughly several million more work as hair stylists. Among cosmetologists, hairdressers and nail technicians make up

4080-555: The product and kept on premises with the product at all times. The SDS must explain why a chemical in the product is hazardous, how it is harmful, how workers can protect themselves, and what they should do in an emergency. Salon owners and stylists are advised to look closely at the hair smoothing products they use (read product labels and SDS sheets) to see if they contain methylene glycol, formalin, methylene oxide, paraform, formic aldehyde, methanal, oxomethane, oxymethylene, or CAS Number 50-00-0. According to OSHA's Formaldehyde standard,

4148-409: The ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of barber schools, only the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession was ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize

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4216-587: The regulations in a given location. In the early 1900s, an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use in the U.S. Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws. For example, in Maryland and Pennsylvania, a cosmetologist cannot use a straight razor , strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there

4284-727: The state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer. Curriculum – The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It

4352-725: The streets for low prices. Starting from the Middle Ages , barbers often served as surgeons and dentists . In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed surgery , bloodletting and leeching , fire cupping , enemas , and the extraction of teeth ; earning them the name " barber surgeons ". Barber-surgeons began to form powerful guilds such as the Worshipful Company of Barbers in London. Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British warships during naval wars. Some of

4420-516: The term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to hairdressers who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of cosmetology branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference depends on

4488-466: The usage of hazardous chemicals. After completing the minimum hours to obtain a state license, an online examination is required and is submitted via mail with other supported documentation. Bureau of Labor Statistics states that the median salary for a licensed cosmetologist is $ 28,770 as of May 2015. Illinois Metropolitan Division Areas, Chicago - Naperville - Arlington Heights has one of the highest employment rates with an annual rate of $ 27,750. Being

4556-464: The work. Training to be a barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the US, barber training is carried out at "barber schools". Cost – Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand names can also affect

4624-600: Was published in Terkel's 1974 book Working , says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of 'em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or died. It's all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much." Given their importance as social hubs in certain cultures, barbershops have been used in educational campaigns. These include

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