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32-660: Also called the Light Fifty (due to its chambering of the .50 BMG 12.7×99mm NATO cartridge), the weapon is classified in three variants: the original M82A1 (and M82A3) models, the bullpup M82A2 model, and the Barrett M107A1, with an attached muzzle brake (designed to accept a suppressor , and made out of titanium instead of steel). The M82A2 is no longer manufactured, though the XM500 can be seen as its successor. Despite being designated as an anti-materiel rifle,

64-575: A constable with .50 rifles from 1992 to 1997. The snipers usually fired on their targets from a distance of less than 300 metres (980 ft), despite the 1,800 m (5,900 ft) effective range of the weapons. In 2021, Barrett and nine other U.S. gun manufacturers were named in a lawsuit brought by the Mexican government in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, seeking $ 10 billion in damages. The Mexican government claimed that

96-470: A high angle, which creates an indirect-fire situation), necessitating the observance of extensive safety margins when firing on a range. On February 26, 2016, the U.S. state of Tennessee named the Barrett Model M82 as its official state rifle . Chamber (firearms) The chamber of a firearm is the cavity at the back end of a breechloading weapon's barrel or cylinder , where

128-674: A number of M82s into Ireland from the United States in the 1980s, apparently made and sold by a gunsmith and former Barrett Firearms employee in Texas . One of the M82s was shipped from Chicago to Dublin in pieces, where it was re-assembled. The IRA equipped two sniper teams with the Light Fifties, later reinforced with a couple of M90s bought in the United States from an arms dealer in 1995. The IRA snipers killed five soldiers and

160-424: A push to automate this process via the use of automated firearms databases . Ballistics identification has also seen the development of microstamping technology which purposefully creates chamber marks through engravings on the firing pin and breech face . Materiel Materiel or matériel ( / m ə ˌ t ɪər i ˈ ɛ l / ; from French matériel  'equipment, hardware')

192-570: A rare twelve-round magazine was developed for use during Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The receiver is made from two parts (upper and lower), stamped from sheet steel and connected by cross-pins. The heavy barrel is fluted to improve heat dissipation and save weight, and fitted with a large and effective reactive muzzle brake. The muzzle brakes on the earlier models had a round cross-section; later M82 rifles are equipped with two-chamber brakes of rectangular cross-section. M82A1 rifles are fitted with scope mount and folding backup iron sights, should

224-438: A sling due to its excessive length and weight. It is usually carried in a special carry soft or hard case. The M82A2 differed from M82A1 mostly in its configuration; the pistol grip along with trigger was placed ahead of the magazine, and the buttpad placed below the receiver, just after the magazine. An additional forward grip was added below the receiver, and the scope mount was moved forward. The M107's maximum effective range

256-522: Is 1,830 m (2,000 yd), while can hit targets past 2,000 m (2,200 yd). Although being accurate to 2.5 MOA means it would hit within a 25 in (640 mm) area at 1,000 m (1,100 yd). The maximum range of this weapon (specifically the M107 variant) is 4,000 m (4,400 yd), as quoted in the owner's manual. Fifty-caliber (and larger) rounds have the potential to travel great distances if fired in an artillery -like fashion (with

288-404: Is a .50 caliber, shoulder-fired, semi-automatic sniper rifle. Like its predecessors, the rifle is said to have manageable recoil for a weapon of its size owing to the barrel assembly that itself absorbs force, moving inward toward the receiver against large springs with every shot. Additionally, the weapon's weight and large muzzle brake also assist in recoil reduction. Various changes were made to

320-521: Is an example. The chamber is a key component to the practice of forensic firearm examination . The chamber is known to imprint its surface striations irregularities on the cartridge case, in what are called chamber marks, due to the pressure produced when shooting . Such imperfections in chamber may be produced in the manufacturing process or through extensive use. Such chamber marks are more pronounced on substandard firearms or when firing from an undersized chamber. In recent years there has been

352-432: Is commonly referred to as ordnance , especially concerning mounted guns ( artillery ) and the shells they consume. Along with fuel, and munitions in general, the steady supply of ordnance is an ongoing logistical challenge in active combat zones. Materiel management consists of continuing actions relating to planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, controlling, and evaluating the application of resources to ensure

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384-463: Is opened whilst under very high internal cartridge case pressure that presses a spent (bloated) cartridge casing against the chamber walls which can cause significant problems during the cartridge extraction phase. Using traditionally cut (non-fluted) chambers in the StG 45(M) resulted in separated cartridge case heads during testing. A barrel chamber with pressure relief ports that allows gas to leak around

416-420: Is supplies, equipment , and weapons in military supply-chain management , and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context. In a military context, the term materiel refers either to the specific needs (excluding manpower) of a force to complete a specific mission , or the general sense of the needs (excluding manpower) of a functioning army. An important category of materiel

448-460: The Mk22 MRAD , in 2021 to replace the M107. The Mk22 is a bolt-action multi-caliber rifle that is powerful enough to replace the M107 when chambered in .338 Norma Magnum . The M82 is a short-recoil semi-automatic firearm. When the gun is fired, the barrel initially recoils for a short distance (about 1 inch (25 mm)), while being securely locked by the rotating bolt. After the short travel,

480-541: The XM500 , which has a bullpup configuration similar to the M82A2. Barrett M82 rifles were bought by various military and police forces from at least 30 countries, such as Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, the Netherlands, and others. The Barrett M82A1 rifle was used in 2002 as a platform for the experimental OSW (Objective Sniper Weapon) prototype. This weapon

512-407: The ammunition is inserted before being fired. The rear opening of the chamber is the breech , and is sealed by the breechblock or the bolt . The act of chambering a cartridge means the insertion of a round into the chamber, either manually or through the action of the weapon, e.g., pump-action , lever-action , bolt action , or autoloading operation generally in anticipation of firing

544-571: The magazine removed as long as a cartridge is inserted into the chamber, while a revolver cannot be fired at all with its cylinder swung out or broken open . In firearms design or modification, "chambering" is fitting a weapon's chamber for a particular caliber or round, so a Colt Model 1911 is chambered for .45 ACP or .38 Super , or re-chambered for .38/.45 Clerke . While the majority of firearms are chambered for one caliber, some are chambered for multiple calibers; however firing an oversized or undersized cartridge can be hazardous. In

576-668: The Barrett M82 is one of the weapons of choice for drug cartels. According to Romain Le Cour Grandmaison, an expert interviewed by Reuters , the M82 has disrupted the balance of power between criminals and poorly-equipped police forces. The XM107 was originally intended to be a bolt-action sniper rifle, and the Barrett M95 was originally selected by the U.S. Army in a competition between such weapons. However, under

608-600: The M82 can also be deployed as an anti-personnel system. Barrett Firearms Manufacturing was founded by Ronnie Barrett for the sole purpose of building semi-automatic rifles chambered for the powerful 12.7×99mm NATO (.50 BMG) ammunition, originally developed for and used in M2 Browning machine guns. The weapon was first sold to the Swedish Army in 1989. In 1990, the United States armed forces purchased

640-736: The M82A1 during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in Kuwait and Iraq . About 125 rifles were initially bought by the United States Marine Corps , and orders from the Army and Air Force soon followed. The M82A1 is known by the U.S. military as the SASR—" Special Applications Scoped Rifle ", and it was and still is used as an anti-materiel rifle and explosive ordnance disposal tool. In 2006, Barrett completed development of

672-435: The barrel and the spent case is fully pressurized. Fluting the end of the chamber allows combustion gasses to float the neck and front of the cartridge case providing pressure equalization between the front outer surface of the cartridge case and its interior. The roller-delayed blowback StG 45(M) assault rifle prototypes proved pressure equalization fluting is desirable, since the breech of roller or lever-delayed blowback arms

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704-410: The barrel chamber, fluting refers to gas relief flutes/grooves used to ease the extraction of cartridges. They may also come in annular and helical forms. Notable firearms using fluted chambers are the roller-delayed blowback Heckler & Koch G3 and lever-delayed blowback FAMAS and AA-52 . Roller or lever-delayed blowback arms require that the bolt starts moving while the bullet is still in

736-463: The barrel is stopped by the combined effect of the accelerator, buffer spring, and the muzzle brake and the bolt continues back, to extract and eject a spent case. On its return stroke, the bolt strips the fresh cartridge from the box magazine and feeds it into the chamber and finally locks itself to the barrel. The striker is also cocked on the return stroke of the bolt. The gun is fed from a large, detachable box magazine holding up to ten rounds, although

768-452: The butt. The buttpad is fitted with a soft recoil pad to further decrease the felt recoil. M82A1 and M82A3 rifles could be mounted on the M3 or M122 infantry tripods (originally intended for machine guns ) or on vehicles using the special Barrett soft-mount. The M82A1 can be fitted with a carry sling, but according to those who carried it in the field, the M82 is too uncomfortable to be carried on

800-459: The cartridge during extraction. Basically, the opposite of a fluted chamber, as it is intended for the cartridge to stick to the chamber wall making a slight delay of extraction. This requires a welded-on sleeve with an annular groove to contain the pressure. Mostly used on artillery guns. Multi chambered is where the barrel has a series of chambers to propel the round down the barrel to increase speed and range. The Lymann-Haskell multi chamber gun

832-654: The effective and economical support of military forces. It includes provisioning, cataloging, requirements determination, acquisition, distribution, maintenance, and disposal. The terms "materiel management", "materiel control", "inventory control", "inventory management", and "supply management" are synonymous. Military materiel is often shipped to and used in severe climates without controlled warehouses or fixed material handling equipment . Packaging and labeling often need to meet stringent technical specifications to help ensure proper delivery and final use. Some military procurement allows for commercial packaging rather than

864-454: The glass scope break. The U.S. military M82 rifles are often equipped with Leupold Mark 4 telescopic sights. The M82A1M (USMC M82A3) rifles have long Picatinny accessory rails mounted and US Optics telescopic sights . Every M82 rifle is equipped with a folding carrying handle and a folding bipod (both are detachable on the M82A3). The M82A3 is also fitted with a detachable rear monopod under

896-405: The lower part of the accelerator arm, held by the receiver upper part, is already hinged in the bolt carrier and the middle portion strikes it back to the barrel by a rod placed in the bolt carrier, transferring part of the recoil energy of the barrel to the bolt to achieve reliable cycling and unlock it from the barrel. The bolt is unlocked by turning in the curved cam track in the bolt carrier. Then

928-506: The original M82A1 to create the M107, with new features such as a lengthened accessory rail, rear grip, and monopod socket. The Barrett M107, like previous members of the M82 line, is also referred to as the Barrett "Light Fifty". The designation has in many instances supplanted earlier ones, with the M107 being voted one of 2005's top 10 military inventions by the U.S. Army. The U.S. Army and Marine Corps plan to field another Barrett rifle,

960-556: The trials, the decision was made that the U.S. Army did not, in fact, require such a weapon. Then the Army decided on the Barrett M82, a semi-automatic rifle. In summer 2002, the M82 finally emerged from its Army trial phase and was approved for "full materiel release", meaning it was officially adopted as the Long Range Sniper Rifle, Caliber .50, M107. The M107 uses a Leupold 4.5–14×50 Mark 4 scope. The Barrett M107

992-434: The weapon, without need to "load" the weapon upon decision to use it (reducing the number of actions needed to discharge). Automatic and single-shot pistols (such as Derringers ), rifles , and shotguns generally have a single chamber integral to their barrels, but revolvers have multiple chambers in their cylinder , and no chamber in their barrel. Thus, pistols, rifles, and shotguns can usually still be fired with

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1024-478: Was fitted with a shorter barrel, and fired 25 mm high-explosive shells developed for the 25×59 mm OCSW (Objective Crew Served Weapon) automatic grenade launcher . The experimental OSW showed an increased effectiveness against various targets, but the recoil was beyond human limitations. This weapon, also known as the Barrett "Payload Rifle", has now been designated the XM109 . The Provisional IRA smuggled

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