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24-416: Barricades also include temporary traffic barricades designed with the goal of dissuading passage into a protected or hazardous area or large slabs of cement whose goal is to prevent forcible passage by a vehicle. Stripes on barricades and panel devices slope downward in the direction traffic must travel. There are also pedestrian barricades - sometimes called bike rack barricades for their resemblance to

48-510: A chicane to slow vehicular traffic arriving at military installations or other secure areas. During the US occupation of Iraq jersey barriers were set up in cities as form of urban warfare to combat Iraqi resistance . The Ohio Department of Transportation mandates specific design requirements for their precast concrete barrier walls. The department has marked all compliant precast concrete barrier walls with "350", indicating that they adhere to

72-685: A generic, portable barrier during construction projects and temporary rerouting of traffic into stopgap carpool and rush-hour reversing highway lanes. Most of the original barriers constructed in New Jersey in the 1950s and early 1960s were not "modular"; they were formed from concrete poured in place. Many of the first installations (Route 46 in Bergen County and Passaic County, for instance) were about two feet (61 cm) tall, much shorter than modern heights. Some dividers on county or local roads may have been lower than that, since they replaced

96-585: A likely head-on collision . Jersey barriers are also used to reroute traffic and protect pedestrians and workers during highway construction. They are named after the U.S. state of New Jersey which first started using the barriers as separators between lanes of a highway in the 1950s. The barriers are also known as a K-rail , a term stipulated in the California Department of Transportation specification for temporary concrete traffic barriers which first started using concrete median barriers in

120-499: A now obsolete form of bicycle stand , or police barriers. They originated in France approximately 50 years ago and are now used around the world. They were first used in the U.S. 40 years ago by Friedrichs Mfg for New Orleans 's Mardi Gras parades. Anti-vehicle barriers and blast barriers are sturdy barricades that can respectively counter vehicle and bomb attacks. The origins of the barricade are often erroneously traced back to

144-527: A raised concrete rumble strip that would dissuade, but not prevent, traffic crossing from one lane to another. Route 46 had a rumble strip in many places before the higher barrier was gradually installed. These lower dividers are visible in old photographs. When the Bergen Mall was first opened in Paramus, New Jersey , rumble strip dividers were extensively used on the roadway (Forest Avenue) that separated

168-787: The June Rebellion of 1832, which was smaller in scale, but rendered famous by Victor Hugo 's account in Les Misérables , the combat that ended the Paris Commune in May 1871, and the more symbolic structures created in May 1968. The barricade began its diffusion outside France in the 1780s and played a significant role in the Belgian Revolution of 1830, but it was only in the course of the upheaval of 1848 that it became truly international in scope. Its spread across

192-627: The "First Day of the Barricades ", a confrontation that occurred in Paris on 12 May 1588 in which the supporters of the Duke of Guise and the ultra-Catholic Holy League successfully challenged the authority of King Henri III. In actuality, although barricades came to widespread public awareness in that uprising (and in the equally momentous "Second Day of the Barricades" on 27 August 1648), none of several conflicting claims concerning who may have "invented"

216-568: The City of Toronto is doing likewise on portions of the Gardiner Expressway and Don Valley Parkway . Hollow polyethylene barriers have been developed for short-term applications where portability is important. These plastic barriers are normally filled with water after placement on-site to provide a moderate level of crash protection, then emptied prior to removal. They are not designed to deflect vehicles, so vehicles may penetrate

240-790: The Continent was aided by the circulation of students, political refugees, and itinerant workers through the French capital, where many gained first-hand experience of one or another Parisian insurrection. The barricade had, by the middle of the nineteenth century, become the preeminent symbol of a revolutionary tradition that would ultimately spread worldwide. Barricade references appear in many colloquial expressions and are used, often metaphorically, in poems and songs celebrating radical social movements. Barricades are used for crowd control applications at public events or during exceptionally busy shopping times. Different types of barricade are designed to fit

264-479: The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. This road-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jersey barrier A Jersey barrier , Jersey wall , or Jersey bump is a modular concrete or plastic barrier employed to separate lanes of traffic . It is designed to minimize vehicle damage in cases of incidental contact while still preventing vehicle crossovers resulting in

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288-410: The barricade stand up to close scrutiny for the simple reason that Blaise de Monluc had already documented insurgents' use of the technique at least as early as 1569 in religiously based conflicts in southwestern France. Although barricade construction began in France in the sixteenth century and remained an exclusively French practice for two centuries, the nineteenth century remained the classic era of

312-516: The barricade. Contrary to a number of historical sources, barricades were present in various incidents of the great French Revolution of 1789, but they never played a central role in those events. They were, however, a highly visible and consequential element in many of the insurrections that occurred in France throughout the 1800s, including in the revolutions of 1830 ("the July Days") and 1848 (in both February and June.) Other Parisian events included

336-435: The environment and use cases the organizer decides on. Traffic barricade A traffic barricade is a type of barricade used to control the flow of traffic or block access to an area, generally for safety purposes. Traditionally made of wood, or wood and steel, many now have structural members made wholly of plastic or composite materials , and may be fitted with flashing lights. The obstruction that necessitates

360-488: The grocery stores from the mall proper. The design of the Jersey barrier was specifically intended to minimize damage in incidental accidents and reduce the likelihood of a car crossing into oncoming lanes in the event of a collision . In common shallow-angle hits, sheet-metal damage is minimized by allowing the vehicle tires to ride up on the lower sloped face. Head-on vehicle collisions are minimized by gradually lifting

384-646: The mid-1940s on U.S. Route 99 on the descent from the Tehachapi Mountains in the Central Valley south of Bakersfield, California . This first generation of concrete barriers was developed to (a) minimize the number of out-of-control trucks penetrating the barrier, and (b) eliminate the need for costly and dangerous median barrier maintenance in high-accident locations with narrow medians – concerns that are as valid today as they were 80 years ago. The Jersey barrier, also called New Jersey wall,

408-505: The mid-1940s. Over time, different variants were created. Taller variants, such as the Ontario Tall Wall , proved more effective at stopping vehicles and had the added advantage of blocking most oncoming headlights. More modular variants, including plastic water-filled barriers, have been created. Although it is not clear exactly when or where the first concrete median barriers were used, concrete median barriers were used in

432-653: The requirements laid out in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program's Report 350. Without this marking, a barrier wall is not approved for use in Ohio. Modern variations include the constant-slope barrier and the F-shape barrier . The F-shape is generally similar to the Jersey barrier in appearance, but is taller, with somewhat different angles. The UK equivalent is the concrete step barrier . First tested in 1968 by

456-494: The taller barrier for their roads, as compared to the standard 32 inches (81 cm) suggested by the Federal Highway Administration . Designs with two rectangular notches at the bottom (through the short axis) allow for forklift-style lifting by front-end loaders . Barriers meant for short-term placement, especially in military and security barrier uses, might include steel rebar loops embedded in

480-463: The then Department of Highways in Ontario, Canada , the Ontario Tall Wall is a variant of the Jersey barrier. Standing at 42 inches (107 cm), it is 10 inches (25 cm) taller than the standard Jersey barrier. Ontario's Ministry of Transportation has been replacing guiderails (steel guardrail and steel box-beam) with these tall wall barriers on 400-series highways since the early 1990s, while

504-669: The top surface for rapid hook-and-cable system lifting. The 2010 G-20 Toronto summit used modified modular Jersey barriers with wired fencing bolted onto the concrete. The fence used the barrier as sturdy base to prevent protesters from toppling the fence around the security zone at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre . The U.S. military nicknamed the devices "Qaddafi Blocks" after truck bomb attacks in Beirut in 1983 resulted in more widespread use in military installations. Sometimes they are deployed to form

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528-708: The use of a traffic barricade may be excavations, construction , roadblocks , debris , crime scenes , restricted areas, or other hazards. Type I, II and III barricades are commonly used for road detours and closings where vehicles are present. A-frame barricades are more typically seen where pedestrian traffic control is needed or used on low speed roads. In addition to the more traditional traffic barricades mentioned above, there are several other categories of barricades that get used regularly for traffic channelization, including Jersey barriers , traffic barrels , and vertical panels. Depending on space and need, all of these categories are listed as acceptable barricade devices in

552-438: The vehicle and pivoting it away from oncoming vehicles and back into traffic heading in its original direction. The New Jersey Turnpike Authority developed and tested a similar, but heavily reinforced, design. This barrier design has been credited with effectively containing and redirecting larger vehicles, including semi-trailer (tractor-trailer) trucks. The states of New York , Massachusetts and New Jersey have adopted

576-746: Was developed in the 1950s (introduced in current form in 1959), at Stevens Institute of Technology , New Jersey , United States, under the direction of the New Jersey State Highway Department to divide multiple lanes on a highway. A typical Jersey barrier stands 32 inches (81 cm) tall and is made of steel-reinforced poured concrete or plastic. Many are constructed with the embedded steel reinforcement protruding from each end, allowing them to be incorporated into permanent emplacements when linked to one another by sections of fresh concrete poured on-site. Their widespread use in road construction has led to wide application as

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