83-605: Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician and major general in the Air Force Reserve who served as a United States senator from 1953 to 1965 and 1969 to 1987, and was the Republican Party 's nominee for president in 1964 . Goldwater was born in Phoenix, Arizona , where he helped manage his family's department store. During World War II , he flew aircraft between
166-546: A Command Pilot with the rank of major general . As a U.S. Senator, Goldwater had a sign in his office that referenced his military career and mindset: "There are old pilots and there are bold pilots, but there are no old, bold pilots." In a heavily Democratic state, Goldwater became a conservative Republican and a friend of Herbert Hoover . He was outspoken against New Deal liberalism , especially its close ties to labor unions . A pilot, amateur radio operator, outdoorsman and photographer, he criss-crossed Arizona and developed
249-559: A Major General rank is usually held by someone that is a Regional Military Command General Officer Commanding (Regional Commander or တိုင်းမှူး) or a Director such as Director of Defence Service Intelligence ( Khin Nyunt for example) In the New Zealand Army , major-general is the rank held by the chief of army (formerly the chief of general staff). The more senior rank of lieutenant-general is reserved for when an army officer holds
332-591: A cover-up in the Watergate scandal became overwhelming and impeachment was imminent. In 1986, he oversaw passage of the Goldwater–Nichols Act , which strengthened civilian authority in the U.S. Department of Defense . Near the end of his career, Goldwater's views on social and cultural issues grew increasingly libertarian. After leaving the Senate, Goldwater became supportive of homosexuals serving openly in
415-543: A crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by St. Edward's Crown. It is worn on the shoulder straps of the service dress tunic, and on slip-ons on other uniforms. On the visor of the service cap are two rows of gold oak leaves. Major-generals are initially addressed as 'general' and name, as are all general officers; thereafter by subordinates as 'sir' or 'ma'am' as applicable in English ( French : mon général ). Major-generals are normally entitled to staff cars . In Myanmar,
498-514: A deep interest in both the natural and the human history of the state. He entered Phoenix politics in 1949, when he was elected to the City Council as part of a nonpartisan team of candidates pledged to clean up widespread prostitution and gambling. The team won every mayoral and council election for the next two decades. Goldwater rebuilt the weak Republican party and was instrumental in electing Howard Pyle as Governor in 1950. Goldwater
581-478: A few spoken words and relied on imagery for its emotional impact, was one of the most provocative in American political campaign history, and many analysts credit it as being the birth of the modern style of " negative political ads " on television. The ad aired only once and was immediately pulled, but it was then shown many times by local television stations covering the controversy. Goldwater did not have ties to
664-503: A field command, a major general is typically in command of a division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades ). It is a rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general . In the Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral . In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general
747-516: A freshman in high school, Goldwater's parents sent him to Staunton Military Academy in Virginia where he played varsity football, basketball, track and swimming, was senior class treasurer and attained the rank of captain. He graduated from the academy in 1928 and enrolled at the University of Arizona . but dropped out after one year. Barry Goldwater is the most recent non-college graduate to be
830-743: A member of an English-Jewish family, in the Great Synagogue of London . The Goldwaters later emigrated to the United States, first arriving in San Francisco, California before finally settling in the Arizona Territory, where Michael Goldwater opened a small department store that was later taken over and expanded by his three sons, Henry, Baron and Morris. Morris Goldwater (1852–1939) was an Arizona territorial and state legislator, mayor of Prescott, Arizona , delegate to
913-527: A national election. As a result, moderate and liberal Republicans recruited a series of opponents, including New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller , Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. , of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton , to challenge him. Goldwater received solid backing from most of the few Southern Republicans then in politics. A young Birmingham lawyer, John Grenier , secured commitments from 271 of 279 Southern convention delegates to back Goldwater. Grenier would serve as executive director of
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#1732776690473996-468: A new building was erected with the cost of £2,000 (equivalent to £400,000 in 2023) being borne by businessman and philanthropist Moses Hart . The building was consecrated on Rosh Hashana (September 18, 1722). An enlarged building, designed by George Dance the Elder , was consecrated on August 29, 1766. The order of prayers for the inauguration was the first printed publication of the synagogue, and also
1079-527: A pilot and was assigned to the Ferry Command, a newly formed unit that flew aircraft and supplies to war zones worldwide. He spent most of the war flying between the U.S. and India, via the Azores and North Africa or South America, Nigeria , and Central Africa. Goldwater also flew "the hump" , one of the most dangerous routes for supply planes during WWII. The route required aircraft to fly directly over
1162-559: A running mate who was ideologically aligned with his own conservative wing of the Republican party. Miller balanced the ticket in other ways, being a practicing Catholic from the East Coast. Miller had low name recognition but was popular in the Republican party and viewed as a skilled political strategist. Former U.S. senator Prescott Bush , a moderate Republican from Connecticut , was a friend of Goldwater and supported him in
1245-554: A statement of opposition to the Civil Rights Act , which had been signed into law by Johnson earlier that year. Despite Johnson's support for the Civil Rights Act, the bill received split support from Congressional Democrats due to southerner opposition. In contrast, Congressional Republicans overwhelmingly supported the bill, with Goldwater being joined by only 5 other Republican senators in voting against it. In
1328-473: A year prior to Brown v. Board of Education . Despite this support of civil rights, he remained in objection to some major federal civil rights legislation. Civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. remarked of him "while not himself a racist, Mr. Goldwater articulates a philosophy which gives aid and comfort to the racists." Goldwater was an early member and largely unrecognized supporter of
1411-445: A young girl counting daisy petals, from one to ten. Immediately following this scene, a voiceover counted down from ten to one. The child's face was shown as a still photograph followed by images of nuclear explosions and mushroom clouds . The campaign advertisement ended with a plea to vote for Johnson, implying that Goldwater (though not mentioned by name) would provoke a nuclear war if elected. The advertisement, which featured only
1494-708: Is equivalent to air vice-marshal . In some countries including much of Eastern Europe , major general is the lowest of the general officer ranks without brigadier general rank. In the sultanate of Brunei , the rank of Major general ( Malay : Mejar jeneral ) is used by the Royal Brunei Land Force and the Royal Brunei Air Force . The rank is held by the Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces . In
1577-423: Is likely that Goldwater significantly underestimated the effect this would have, as his vote against the bill hurt him with voters across the country, including from his own party. In the 1990s, Goldwater would call his vote on the Civil Rights Act, "one of his greatest regrets." Goldwater was absent from the Senate during President John F. Kennedy 's nomination of Byron White to Supreme Court on April 11, 1962, but
1660-599: Is the Germanic variant of major general, used in a number of Central and Northern European countries, including Austria , Belgium , Denmark , Finland , Germany , Norway , and Sweden . Great Synagogue of London The Great Synagogue of London was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue , located in the City of London , England , in the United Kingdom. The synagogue was, for centuries,
1743-542: The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution but opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , disagreeing with Title II and Title VII . In the 1964 U.S. presidential election , Goldwater mobilized a large conservative constituency to win the Republican nomination, but then lost the general election to incumbent Democratic president Lyndon B. Johnson in a landslide. Goldwater returned to the Senate in 1969 and specialized in defense and foreign policy. He successfully urged president Richard Nixon to resign in 1974 when evidence of
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#17327766904731826-604: The Air Force used the rank of air vice-marshal , instead. The rank insignia for a major-general in the Royal Canadian Air Force is a wide braid under a single narrow braid on the cuff, as well as two silver maple leaves beneath a crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by St. Edward's Crown. In the Canadian Army, the rank insignia is a wide braid on the cuff, as well as two gold maple leaves beneath
1909-729: The Arizona Air National Guard . Goldwater ordered the Arizona Air National Guard desegregated , two years before the rest of the U.S. military. In the early 1960s, while a senator, he commanded the 9999th Air Reserve Squadron as a major general. Goldwater was instrumental in pushing the Pentagon to support the desegregation of the armed services. Goldwater remained in the Arizona Air National Guard until 1967, retiring as
1992-599: The Canadian Armed Forces , the rank of major-general (MGen) ( French : major-général ) is both a Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force rank equivalent to the Royal Canadian Navy 's rank of rear-admiral . A major-general is a general officer , the equivalent of a naval flag officer . The major-general rank is senior to the ranks of brigadier general and commodore , and junior to lieutenant-general and vice admiral . Prior to 1968,
2075-422: The Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution , but did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1960 because he was absent from the chamber while Senate Minority Whip Thomas Kuchel (R–CA) announced that Goldwater would have voted in favor if present. While he did vote in favor of it while in committee, Goldwater reluctantly voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 when it came to
2158-551: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the League president pointed out that he had saved the League more than once, saying he preferred to judge a person "on the basis of his daily actions rather than on his voting record". Running as a Republican, Goldwater won a narrow upset victory seat in the 1952 Arizona Senate election against veteran Democrat and Senate Majority Leader Ernest McFarland . He won largely by defeating McFarland in his native Maricopa County by 12,600 votes, almost double
2241-692: The Himalayas in order to deliver desperately needed supplies to the Republic of China . Following World War II, Goldwater was a leading proponent of creating the United States Air Force Academy , and later served on the academy's Board of Visitors. The visitor center at the academy is now named in his honor. Goldwater remained in the Army Air Reserve after the war and in 1946, at the rank of Colonel, Goldwater founded
2324-726: The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), but he was publicly endorsed by members of the organization. Lyndon B. Johnson exploited this association during the elections, but Goldwater barred the KKK from supporting him and denounced them. Throughout the presidential campaign, Goldwater refused to appeal to racial tensions or backlash against civil rights. After the outbreak of the Harlem riot of 1964 , Goldwater privately gathered news reporters on his campaign plane and said that if anyone attempted to sow racial violence on his political behalf, he would withdraw from
2407-682: The National Urban League Phoenix chapter, going so far as to cover the group's early operating deficits with his personal funds. Though the NAACP denounced Goldwater in the harshest of terms when he ran for president, the Urban League conferred on him the 1991 Humanitarian Award "for 50 years of loyal service to the Phoenix Urban League". In response to League members who objected, citing Goldwater's vote on
2490-577: The Tennessee Valley Authority , a large local New Deal employer. The Goldwater campaign spotlighted Ronald Reagan , who appeared in a campaign ad. In turn, Reagan gave a stirring, nationally televised speech, " A Time for Choosing ", in support of Goldwater. Goldwater only won his home state of Arizona and five states in the Deep South . The Southern states, traditionally Democratic up to that time, voted Republican primarily as
2573-607: The presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. He also had a substantial impact on the American libertarian movement . Goldwater was born in Phoenix in what was then the Arizona Territory , the son of Baron M. Goldwater and his wife, Hattie Josephine "JoJo" Williams. Goldwater long believed that he was born on January 1, 1909, and thus works published during his career list this as his date of birth; however, in his later years, he discovered documentation revealing that he
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2656-620: The "Grand Old Man of the Republican Party and one of the nation's most respected exponents of conservatism". Goldwater was outspoken about the Eisenhower administration , calling some of the policies of the Eisenhower administration too liberal for a Republican president. "Democrats delighted in pointing out that the junior senator was so headstrong that he had gone out his way to criticize the president of his own party." There
2739-483: The 1964 Republican Convention. In his own words: I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice! [40 seconds of applause by the crowd] And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue! [10 seconds of applause] His paraphrase of Cicero was included at the suggestion of Harry V. Jaffa , though the speech was primarily written by Karl Hess . Because of President Johnson's popularity, Goldwater refrained from attacking
2822-529: The 1964 election, Fact magazine, published by Ralph Ginzburg , ran a special issue titled, "The Unconscious of a Conservative: A Special Issue on the Mind of Barry Goldwater". The two main articles contended that Goldwater was mentally unfit to be president. The magazine supported this claim with the results of a poll of board-certified psychiatrists. Fact had mailed questionnaires to 12,356 psychiatrists, receiving responses from 2,417, of whom 1,189 said Goldwater
2905-621: The Arizona Constitutional Convention and later President of the Arizona State Senate. Goldwater's father was Jewish, but Goldwater was raised in his mother's Episcopal faith. Hattie Williams came from an established New England family that included the theologian Roger Williams of Rhode Island . Goldwater's parents were married in an Episcopal church in Phoenix; for his entire life, Goldwater
2988-653: The Army ( Major-General do Exército ) became extinct in 1950, with their roles being unified in the then created Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces . In the Russian Army , the rank 'major general' is known as Russian : генера́л-майо́р , romanized : generál-mayór . It is equivalent to a British brigadier or an American brigadier general . The Turkish Army and Air Force refer to
3071-697: The Eisenhower administration supported the integration of schools in the South, but Goldwater felt the states should choose how they wanted to integrate and should not be forced by the federal government. "Goldwater criticized the use of federal troops. He accused the Eisenhower administration of violating the Constitution by assuming powers reserved by the states. While he agreed that under the law, every state should have integrated its schools, each state should integrate in its own way." There were high-ranking government officials following Goldwater's critical stance on
3154-576: The Eisenhower administration, even an Army General. "Fulbright's startling revelation that military personnel were being indoctrinated with the idea that the policies of the Commander in Chief were treasonous dovetailed with the return to the news of the strange case of General Edwin Walker ." In his 1960 book The Conscience of a Conservative , Goldwater stated that he supported the stated objectives of
3237-647: The Great Synagogue: Myer Lyon was hazzan at the Synagogue from 1767. For some time he also doubled as an opera singer at Covent Garden Theatre under the name 'Michael Leoni'. His rendering of prayers attracted many gentile visitors to the synagogue; amongst them was the Methodist minister Thomas Olivers , who adapted Leoni's rendition of the prayer Yigdal to create the English hymn, The God of Abram Praise ; its melody still bears
3320-568: The Johnson attacks by criticizing the administration for its perceived ethical lapses, and stating in a commercial that "we, as a nation, are not far from the kind of moral decay that has brought on the fall of other nations and people.... I say it is time to put conscience back in government. And by good example, put it back in all walks of American life." Goldwater campaign commercials included statements of support by actor Raymond Massey and moderate Republican senator Margaret Chase Smith . Before
3403-533: The Republican Party. In December 1961, Goldwater had told a news conference that "sometimes I think this country would be better off if we could just saw off the Eastern Seaboard and let it float out to sea." That comment boomeranged on him during the campaign in the form of a Johnson television commercial, as did remarks about making Social Security voluntary, and statements in Tennessee about selling
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3486-544: The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education , but argued that the federal government had no role in ordering states to desegregate public schools. He wrote: "I believe that it is both wise and just for negro children to attend the same schools as whites, and that to deny them this opportunity carries with it strong implications of inferiority. I am not prepared, however, to impose that judgement of mine on
3569-595: The U.S. and India. After the war, Goldwater served in the Phoenix City Council. In 1952, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he rejected the legacy of the New Deal and, along with the conservative coalition , fought against the New Deal coalition . Goldwater also challenged his party's moderate to liberal wing on policy issues. He supported the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 and
3652-479: The United States . "The day that Eisenhower appointed Governor Earl Warren of California as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Goldwater did not hesitate to express his misgivings." However, Goldwater was present in the United States Senate on March 1, 1954, when Warren was unanimously confirmed, voted in favor of Eisenhower's nomination of John Marshall Harlan II on March 16, 1955, was present for
3735-536: The West and South) and moderate/liberal wing, sometimes called Rockefeller Republicans (based in the Northeast and Midwest). Goldwater alarmed even some of his fellow partisans with his brand of staunch fiscal conservatism and militant anti-communism . He was viewed by many moderate and liberal Republicans as being too far on the right wing of the political spectrum to appeal to the mainstream majority necessary to win
3818-607: The centre of Ashkenazi life in London. Built north of Aldgate in the 17th century, it was destroyed during World War II , in the Blitz . The earliest Ashkenazi synagogue constructed in London, after the return of Jews to England in the 17th century, was built about 1690 at Duke's Place, north of Aldgate, in the City of London. In 1696–7, the synagogue also acquired a burial ground, at Alderney Road . The congregation grew, and in 1722
3901-469: The convention in disgust over Goldwater's nomination. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. , who was Richard Nixon 's running mate in 1960, also opposed Goldwater, calling his proposal of realigning the Democrat and Republican parties into two Liberal and Conservative parties "totally abhorrent" and thought that no one in their right mind should oppose the federal government in having a role in the future of America. In
3984-401: The convention, 20 were defeated for reelection, along with many promising young Republicans. In contrast, Republican Congressman John Lindsay ( NY-17 ), who refused to endorse Goldwater, was handily re-elected in a district where Democrats held a 10% overall advantage. On the other hand, the defeat of so many older politicians created openings for young conservatives to move up the ladder. While
4067-404: The eight years they served alongside each other in the Senate. With Goldwater the clear GOP frontrunner, he and Kennedy began planning to campaign together, holding Lincoln-Douglas style debates across the country and avoiding a race defined by the kind of negative attacks that were increasingly coming to define American politics. Goldwater was grief-stricken by the assassination of Kennedy and
4150-448: The end, Goldwater received 38% of the popular vote and carried just six states: Arizona (with 51% of the popular vote) and the core states of the Deep South : Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. In carrying Georgia by a margin of 54–45%, Goldwater became the first Republican nominee to win the state. Goldwater's poor showing pulled down many supporters. Of the 57 Republican Congressmen who endorsed Goldwater before
4233-565: The face of such opposition, Goldwater delivered a well-received acceptance speech. According to the author Lee Edwards : "[Goldwater] devoted more care [to it] than to any other speech in his political career. And with good reason: he would deliver it to the largest and most attentive audience of his life." Journalist John Adams commented: "his acceptance speech was bold, reflecting his conservative views, but not irrational. Rather than shrinking from those critics who accuse him of extremism, Goldwater challenged them head-on" in his acceptance speech at
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#17327766904734316-404: The first publication to name it explicitly as 'The Great Synagogue'. Between 1788 and 1790, the third synagogue was built on the site. Unusually for the time, the principal donor was a woman, Judith Levy , a daughter of Moses Hart, who subscribed £4,000 (equivalent to £640,000 in 2023). The architect was James Spiller . The building was in the classical style identified with John Adam . It
4399-427: The floor. Later, Goldwater would state that he was mostly in support of the bill, but he disagreed with Titles II and VII, which both dealt with employment, making him imply that the law would end in the government dictating hiring and firing policy for millions of Americans. Congressional Republicans overwhelmingly supported the bill, with Goldwater being joined by only 5 other Republican senators in voting against it. It
4482-472: The general election campaign. Future chief justice of the United States and fellow Arizonan William H. Rehnquist also first came to the attention of national Republicans through his work as a legal adviser to Goldwater's presidential campaign. Rehnquist had begun his law practice in 1953 in the firm of Denison Kitchel of Phoenix, Goldwater's national campaign manager and friend of nearly three decades. Goldwater's advocacy of active interventionism to prevent
4565-518: The jury awarded Goldwater only $ 1.00 in compensatory damages against all three defendants, it went on to award him punitive damages of $ 25,000 against Ginzburg and $ 50,000 against Fact magazine, Inc." According to Warren Boroson , then-managing editor of Fact and later a financial columnist, the main biography of Goldwater in the magazine was written by David Bar-Illan , the Israeli pianist. A Democratic campaign advertisement known as Daisy showed
4648-497: The loss of moderate Republicans was temporary—they were back by 1966—Goldwater also permanently pulled many conservative Southerners and whites out of the New Deal Coalition . According to Steve Kornacki of Salon , "Goldwater broke through and won five [Southern] states—the best showing in the region for a GOP candidate since Reconstruction . In Mississippi—where Franklin D. Roosevelt had won nearly 100 percent of
4731-434: The military , environmental protection , gay rights , abortion rights , adoption rights for same-sex couples , and the legalization of medicinal marijuana . Many political pundits and historians believe he laid the foundation for the conservative revolution to follow as the grassroots organization and conservative takeover of the Republican Party began a long-term realignment in American politics, which helped to bring about
4814-481: The national GOP during the Goldwater campaign, the number two position to party chairman Dean Burch of Arizona. Goldwater fought and won a multi-candidate race for the Republican Party's presidential nomination. Eisenhower gave his support to Goldwater when he told reporters, "I personally believe that Goldwater is not an extremist as some people have made him, but in any event we're all Republicans." His nomination
4897-499: The nominee of a major political party in a presidential election. Goldwater entered the family's business around the time of his father's death in 1930. Six years later, he took over the department store, though he was not particularly enthused about running the business. After America's entry into World War II, Goldwater received a reserve commission in the United States Army Air Force . Goldwater trained as
4980-402: The overall margin of 6,725 votes. Goldwater defeated McFarland by a larger margin when he ran again in 1958 . Following his strong re-election showing, he became the first Arizona Republican to win a second term in the U.S. Senate. Goldwater's victory was all the more remarkable since it came in a year Democrats gained 13 seats in the Senate. During his Senate career, Goldwater was regarded as
5063-458: The people of Mississippi or South Carolina, or to tell them what methods should be adopted and what pace should be kept in striving toward that goal. That is their business, not mine. I believe that the problem of race relations, like all social and cultural problems, is best handled by the people directly concerned. Social and cultural change, however desirable, should not be effected by the engines of national power." Goldwater voted in favor of both
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#17327766904735146-747: The position of chief of defence force, who commands all of New Zealand's armed forces. This position is subject to rotation between the heads of the New Zealand Air Force , New Zealand Army, and New Zealand Navy . Major general in the Pakistan Army is equivalent to rear admiral in the Pakistan Navy and air vice marshal in the Pakistan Air Force . It is the lowest of the general officer ranks, ranking between brigadier and lieutenant general. The rank of major-general
5229-521: The president directly. He did not mention Johnson by name at all in his convention speech. Although raised as an Episcopalian , Goldwater was the first candidate of Jewish descent, through his father, to be nominated for president by a major American party. After securing the Republican presidential nomination, Goldwater chose his political ally, RNC Chairman William E. Miller to be his running mate. Goldwater joked he chose Miller because "he drives Johnson nuts". In choosing Miller, Goldwater opted for
5312-461: The presidential race—even if it was the day before the election. Past comments came back to haunt Goldwater throughout the campaign. He had once called the Eisenhower administration "a dime-store New Deal ", and the former president never fully forgave him. However, Eisenhower did film a television commercial with Goldwater. Eisenhower qualified his voting for Goldwater in November by remarking that he had voted not specifically for Goldwater, but for
5395-528: The rank as tümgeneral . The Turkish Navy equivalent is tümamiral . The name is derived from tümen , the Turkish word for a military division ( tümen itself is an older Turkish word meaning 10,000). Thus, linguistically, it is similar to the French equivalent for a major general, French : général de division . In the United States , the rank of major general exists in the United States Air Force , United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Space Force . Generalmajor
5478-517: The spread of communism and defend American values and allies led to effective counterattacks from Lyndon B. Johnson and his supporters, who said that Goldwater's militancy would have dire consequences, possibly even nuclear war. In a May 1964 speech, Goldwater suggested that nuclear weapons should be treated more like conventional weapons and used in Vietnam , specifically that they should have been used at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 to defoliate trees. Regarding Vietnam, Goldwater charged that Johnson's policy
5561-439: The title Leoni in Hymns Ancient and Modern . From his arrival in England until his death in 1880 the Anglo-Jewish composer of synagogue music Julius Mombach was associated with the Great Synagogue. He arrived in 1827 as meshorrer ( choirboy ) and eventually became the Synagogue's choir master. In 1819 an aquatint of the interior was drawn by Augustus Charles Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson , and originally published in
5644-423: The unanimous nominations of William J. Brennan Jr. and Charles Evans Whittaker on March 19, 1957, and voted in favor of the nomination of Potter Stewart on May 5, 1959. In his first year in the Senate, Goldwater was responsible for the desegregation of the Senate cafeteria after he insisted that his black legislative assistant, Katherine Maxwell, be served along with every other Senate employee. Goldwater and
5727-497: The vote 28 years earlier—Goldwater claimed a staggering 87 percent." It has frequently been argued that Goldwater's strong performance in Southern states previously regarded as Democratic strongholds foreshadowed a larger shift in electoral trends in the coming decades that would make the South a Republican bastion (an end to the " Solid South ")—first in presidential politics and eventually at the congressional and state levels, as well. Also, Goldwater's uncompromising promotion of freedom
5810-461: The writer Leigh Hunt , who wrote 'I took pleasure in witnessing the semi-Catholic pomp of their service and in hearing their fine singing, not without something of a constant astonishment at their wearing their hats'. The synagogue was destroyed during the night of 10-11 May 1941, during one of the last major attacks of the Blitz . A plaque commemorating the synagogue is placed on Duke's Place. The following individuals have served as rabbi of
5893-527: Was a Democratic majority in Congress for most of Eisenhower's career and Goldwater felt that President Dwight Eisenhower was compromising too much with Democrats in order to get legislation passed. Early on in his career as a senator for Arizona, he criticized the $ 71.8 billion budget that President Eisenhower sent to Congress, stating "Now, however, I am not so sure. A $ 71.8 billion budget not only shocks me, but it weakens my faith." Goldwater opposed Eisenhower's pick of Earl Warren for Chief Justice of
5976-571: Was a supporter of racial equality. He integrated his family's business upon taking over control in the 1930s. A lifetime member of the NAACP , Goldwater helped found the group's Arizona chapter. He saw to it that the Arizona Air National Guard was racially integrated from its inception in 1946, two years before President Truman ordered the military as a whole be integrated (a process that was not completed until 1954). Goldwater worked with Phoenix civil rights leaders to successfully integrate public schools
6059-561: Was actually born at 3 a.m. on January 2. His father's family founded Goldwater's Department Store , a leading upscale department store in Phoenix. Goldwater's paternal grandfather, Michel Goldwasser, a Polish Jew , was born in 1821 in Konin , then part of Congress Poland . He emigrated to London following the Revolutions of 1848 . Soon after arriving in London, Michel anglicized his name to Michael Goldwater. Michel married Sarah Nathan,
6142-465: Was an Episcopalian, though on rare occasions he referred to himself as Jewish. While he did not often attend church, he stated that "If a man acts in a religious way, an ethical way, then he's really a religious man—and it doesn't have a lot to do with how often he gets inside a church." His first cousin was Julius Goldwater , a convert to Buddhism and Jodo Shinshu priest who assisted interned Japanese Americans during World War II. After he did poorly as
6225-652: Was devoid of "goal, course, or purpose," leaving "only sudden death in the jungles and the slow strangulation of freedom". Goldwater's rhetoric on nuclear war was viewed by many as quite uncompromising, a view buttressed by off-hand comments such as, "Let's lob one into the men's room at the Kremlin ." He also advocated that field commanders in Vietnam and Europe should be given the authority to use tactical nuclear weapons (which he called "small conventional nuclear weapons") without presidential confirmation. Goldwater countered
6308-404: Was greatly disappointed that his opponent in 1964 would not be Kennedy but instead his vice president, former Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Goldwater disliked Johnson, later telling columnist John Kolbe that Johnson had "used every dirty trick in the bag." At the time of Goldwater's presidential candidacy, the Republican Party was split between its conservative wing (based in
6391-456: Was mentally incapable of holding the office of president. Most of the other respondents declined to diagnose Goldwater because they had not clinically interviewed him but said that, although not psychologically unfit to preside, Goldwater would be negligent in the role. After the election, Goldwater sued the publisher, the editor and the magazine for libel in Goldwater v. Ginzburg . "Although
6474-549: Was moved up one level, with the role of brigade commander being assumed by the below rank of brigadier-general. In most of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, major-general was not used as a rank in the Portuguese military, but as an appointment title conferred to the general officer that acted as the military head of a service branch . The roles of Major-General of the Navy ( Major-General da Armada ) and Major-General of
6557-619: Was present when Arthur Goldberg was unanimously confirmed. Goldwater's direct style had made him extremely popular with the Republican Party's suburban conservative voters, based in the South and the senator's native West . Following the success of The Conscience of a Conservative , Goldwater became the frontrunner for the GOP Presidential nomination to run against John F. Kennedy . Despite their disagreements on politics, Goldwater and Kennedy had grown to become close friends during
6640-488: Was redecorated and repaired in 1832 and 1852 by John Walen, and restored again with small renovations in 1899 and 1930. The Royal Dukes of Cambridge, Cumberland, and Sussex, sons of George III , visited the Great Synagogue of London in 1809. There they were seated on elegant Egyptian revival chairs as they watched the religious service. The synagogue was also visited around this period, during his schooldays, by
6723-544: Was reintroduced in the Portuguese Army , Portuguese Air Force , and Portuguese National Republican Guard in 1999, replacing the former rank of brigadier in the role of brigade commander. As a rank, it had previously been used in the Army only for a brief period (from 1862 to 1864). It is equivalent to the rank of contra-almirante (rear-admiral) in the Portuguese Navy . In 2015, the rank of major-general
6806-607: Was staunchly opposed by the so-called Liberal Republicans , who thought Goldwater's demand for active measures to defeat the Soviet Union would foment a nuclear war . In addition to Rockefeller, prominent Republican office-holders refused to endorse Goldwater's candidacy, including both Republican senators from New York Kenneth B. Keating and Jacob Javits , Pennsylvania governor William Scranton , Michigan governor George Romney and Congressman John V. Lindsay ( NY-17 ). Rockefeller Republican Jackie Robinson walked out of
6889-544: Was the start of a continuing shift in American politics from liberalism to a conservative economic philosophy . Goldwater remained popular in Arizona, and in the 1968 Senate election he was elected to the seat of retiring Senator Carl Hayden . He was reelected in 1974 and 1980. Major general Major general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general . In English-speaking countries , when appointed to
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