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49-782: Bassac may refer to: BASSAC, the British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres , a membership body for British community organisations, including members of the settlement movement Bassac, Charente , a commune in the Charente department of France Beauregard-et-Bassac , Dordogne, France Bassac River , a distributary of the Tonle Sap and Mekong River An alternative spelling of Champasak (disambiguation) , various places in Laos Bassac Theater

98-407: A wallhead chimney interrupting the right gable. On the ground floor of each is a large, elliptically arched window under heavy hood moulds . The first-floor window is an oriel on twin corbels . Above, the central section of the third and attic storeys is jettied and harled . The gable is bargeboarded and its apex is half-timbered . Between these gables is a narrow bay of three storeys with

147-490: A Cambodian theater genre [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bassac&oldid=1058302725 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

196-449: A small door to the street on the ground floor and an oculus within a round-headed, ball finialed gable at the top. The interior features a wooden balustraded staircase and a decorative cornice. There is also wood panneling, which was likely added by J. Inch Morrison in the early 20th century. The elliptical arches of the tenement's ground floor windows are typical of Arts and Crafts architecture . The building can be seen as part of

245-491: A well-respected representative of the settlement both in the district and wider religious community. As warden, Miller and his successors were assisted by annually appointed student sub-wardens. In the academic year of Miller's appointment, 45 out of 56 ministerial students at New College were in close contact with the work of the settlement. Students who served as sub-warden included Archibald Campbell Craig and Fraser McLuskey : both of whom would go on to become moderator of

294-490: Is clear that he brought to the settlement a considerable degree of charisma. The respect of the people who dwelled in the Pleasance and the rapport which he seems to have had with them was especially significant. [...] It would be wrong, of course, to suggest that the success of the settlement was solely due to Miller, but it is clear that his personal qualities enabled him to establish a good relationship with people and become

343-644: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres The movement started in 1884 with the founding of Toynbee Hall in Whitechapel , in the East End of London . These houses, radically different from those later examples in America, often offered food, shelter, and basic and higher education , provided by virtue of charity on part of wealthy donors,

392-575: The Hindman Settlement School in 1902 and the Pine Mountain Settlement School in 1913. A count of American settlements reported: 74 in 1897; 103 in 1900; 204 in 1905; and 413 by 1911 in 32 states. By the 1920s, the number of settlement houses in the country peaked at almost 500. The settlement house concept was continued by Dorothy Day 's Catholic Worker "hospitality houses" in the 1930s. By 1993

441-546: The Southside of Edinburgh , Scotland. Founded by students of New College in 1893, its work continued until 1952. New College was the ministerial training college for the Free Church of Scotland . The New College Missionary Society had undertaken home mission work in deprived areas of Edinburgh since 1845, settling in the former buildings of Pleasance Free Church in 1876. In 1893, a tenement for resident student workers

490-609: The University of Edinburgh 's Pleasance complex. The New College Missionary Society had begun missionary work among Edinburgh's poor in 1845. All New College's students were men training to serve as ministers or missionaries for the Free Church . Initially, the missionary society worked at the West Port before moving to the Canongate in 1861. In both cases, co-operating with an existing church community proved difficult;

539-679: The English word transliterated to Russian). This network of institutions was closed down by the government in 1908, due to alleged socialist activities. Today, settlements are still community-focused organizations, providing a range of services including early education, youth guidance and crime intervention, senior programs, and specialized programs for young people who have "aged out" of the foster care system. Since they are staffed by professional employees and students, they no longer require that employees live alongside those they serve. Settlement houses influenced urban design and architecture in

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588-529: The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . The settlement's ministry also included a church sister, who undertook pastoral visits. A working arrangement between the settlement and Arthur Street United Free Church had been formulated in 1906 but proved unworkable and was dissolved in 1909. In 1913, before Miller's tenure came up for renewal, the congregation was constituted a mission church with

637-607: The New College senatus along with lay members chosen by the senatus and by the New College Missionary Society. The establishment of a longer-term wardenship proved successful and, in 1908, a full-time minister, John Harry Miller , was appointed as warden, initially for a period of five years. Miller soon proved an amiable and popular warden. In Lynn Bruce's words: [Friendliness], goodwill and energy are present throughout Miller's obituaries and it

686-634: The Old Edinburgh movement, led by Patrick Geddes . Geddes aimed to revive the heyday of Edinburgh's university and Old Town by creating buildings and spaces where students and residents would interact. Along with Sydney Mitchell , Geddes pioneered an architectural idiom which applied romantic elements to tenemented social housing. The New College Settlement tenement's timbered gables, bargeboards, and jettied windows recall one such housing project, Ramsay Garden , which Geddes and Mitchell designed with Stewart Henbest Capper . The building has been

735-563: The Other Half Lives in 1890 about the lives of immigrants on New York City's Lower East Side to bring greater awareness of the immigrant's living conditions. The most famous settlement house in the United States is Chicago 's Hull House , founded by Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889 after Addams visited Toynbee Hall within the previous two years. Hull House, unlike the charity and welfare efforts which preceded it,

784-686: The Pleasance Trust in 1913. The trust purchased part of the brewery buildings adjoining the settlement. The settlement shared the use of these with other charitable and social causes. As clergy and ministry students were exempted from war service, the New College Settlement enjoyed greater continuity throughout the First World War than did other settlements in Scotland; though work among men declined. In April 1918,

833-648: The University of Sydney in 1891–1892. Before she took up that position, Phillips visited Cambridge and Oxford Universities in England to find out how they supported women students. She also visited her younger brother, William Inchbold Phillips, Priest in Charge, St John's College Mission (Lady Margaret Church) Walworth where she learned more about the work of the college mission. The mission involved university students in charitable works and educating poorer people in

882-517: The Women's Association. Over the years The Settlement gained the support of other partners and provided services for Aboriginal and migrant families and is now known as The Settlement Neighbourhood Centre in Darlington, Sydney New South Wales. The settlement movement model was introduced in the United States by Jane Addams after travelling to Europe and learning about the system in England. It

931-522: The area in the settlement movement tradition. She took the model back to Australia and formed the Women's Society which focused on visiting patients in hospitals and setting up night schools particularly a night school for girls at Millers Point, Sydney. After Phillips left the university for missionary and education work in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) the founding principal of the new Women's College , Louisa Macdonald developed settlement work further through

980-636: The buildings. The subsequent redevelopment allowed the creation of facilities including a gymnasium, play room, and terraced playground. The trust also founded a mothers' welfare clinic, which, by 1931, had become the largest in Edinburgh. In 1929, the union of the United Free Church and the Church of Scotland brought the settlement's work within the national church. In this period, the Pleasance Trust began to move its focus away from supporting

1029-488: The conditions of the most excluded members of society. The Poor Man's Lawyer service came about because a barrister volunteered his time and encouraged his friends to do the same. In general, the settlement movement, and settlement houses in particular, "have been a foundation for social work practice in this country". As higher education opened up to women, young female graduates came into the settlement movement. The Women's University Settlement (now Blackfriars Settlement )

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1078-477: The country. They came from Ireland, Russia, Italy and other European countries and provided cheap factory labor, a demand that was necessitated by the country's expansion into the west and rapid industrialization following the Civil War . Many immigrants lived in crowded and disease-ridden tenements, worked long hours, and lived in poverty. Children often worked to help support the family. Jacob Riis wrote How

1127-425: The entire Pleasance complex, including the former settlement buildings. The buildings are part of the university sports union and the former church is also used as an examination hall. From the foundation of the settlement in 1893 to the appointment of T. Struthers Symington in 1904, the wardenship was held on an annual basis by New College students. In 1908, John Harry Miller became the first minister to hold

1176-427: The estimated number of houses dropped to 300 in 80 cities. The American settlement movement sprang out of the-then fashionable philosophy of " scientific philanthropy ", a model of social reform that touted the transmission of "proper" [i.e. WASP ) values, behavior, and morals to the working classes through charitable but also rigorously didactic programs as a cure to the cycle of poverty. Many settlement workers joined

1225-499: The frequent changes in student missionaries and the resulting inconsistency in the settlement's work. To address this concern, T. Struthers Symington, who had just completed a year as student warden, was, in 1904, appointed for a three-year term as the settlement's first more permanent warden. That year, an advisory council for the settlement formed, consisting of members of the United Free Presbytery of Edinburgh and

1274-423: The lives of the poor, and criticised as normative or moralistic by radical social movements. There were basic commonalities in the movement. These institutions were more concerned with societal causes for poverty, especially the changes that came with industrialisation, rather than personal causes which their predecessors believed were the main reason for poverty. The settlement movement believed that social reform

1323-491: The local community. The foundation of the New College Settlement can be seen as the result of changing attitudes within the Free Church and wider British Protestantism over the role of the church and the middle and upper classes in responding to deprivation. In the early days of the Free Church, Thomas Chalmers combined missionary work with a belief in laissez faire capitalism . By contrast, William Garden Blaikie , who

1372-571: The ministry of Arthur Street United Free Church fell vacant. On 2 May 1919, Arthur Street and Pleasance Mission Church united, adopting the name Pleasance United Free Church later that year. Though the Arthur Street buildings were maintained as the congregation's main place of worship, the congregation continued to use the Pleasance Mission Church buildings and the work of the settlement continued. John Harry Miller became

1421-444: The movement out of a strong conviction that effective social welfare programs were the only thing that could prevent the pernicious development in the United States of a European-style entrenched social class system. The movement also spread to late imperial Russia, as Stanislav Shatsky and Alexander Zelenko set up a network of educational and social institutions in northern Moscow in 1905, naming it "Settlement" (" Сетлемент ",

1470-633: The name Pleasance Mission Church. The constitution of the mission church stipulated that members of the session were to be drawn from the advisory board and that the church's membership was to be restricted to "persons as may rightly be regarded as the direct fruit of the Home Mission Work of the Settlement, unless in exceptional cases to be judged by the Kirk Session". Though the settlement lacked funds to expand, some "friends" founded

1519-523: The oldest in the United States, were, like Hull House, important institutions for social reform in America's teeming, immigrant-dominant urban communities. United Neighborhood Houses of New York is the federation of 38 settlement houses in New York City. These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of settlement schools to serve isolated rural communities in Appalachia , such as

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1568-461: The residents of the city, and (for education) scholars who volunteered their time. Victorian Britain, increasingly concerned with poverty, gave rise to the movement whereby those connected to universities settled students in slum areas to live and work alongside local people. Through their efforts settlement houses were established for education, savings, sports, and arts. Such institutions were often praised by religious representatives concerned with

1617-554: The role in tandem with the wardenship of the settlement. By the wake of the Second World War the Pleasance area was experiencing depopulation and the settlement closed in 1952. The settlement's buildings consisted of the former Pleasance Free Church and, next door, a tenement of 1891–1893 designed by Henry F. Kerr . The tenement is an example of both Arts and Crafts architecture and of the Old Edinburgh movement, popularised by Patrick Geddes . The buildings now form part of

1666-474: The settlement and a new memorandum revised the role of minister to that of honorary chaplain of the settlement. The population of the Pleasance area was declining and when, in 1952, Citron vacated the ministry of Pleasance, the New College Missionary Society took the opportunity to terminate the settlement in favour of work in new peripheral housing schemes. Since 1977, the University of Edinburgh has owned

1715-413: The settlement's work. Relations between the two bodies deteriorated and, in 1936, the two defined their clear and separate roles; though mutual support continued. In 1945, Pleasance Church and the settlement altered their constitutional agreement to allow students resident in the settlement to undertake missionary work outside the parish. In 1950, Pleasance's minister, Bernhard Citron, resigned as warden of

1764-409: The society therefore sought to operate a home mission with a degree of independence. In 1875, the society purchased the buildings of Pleasance Free Church, the congregation having vacated the Pleasance for a church on Richmond Place. A new home mission, based in the buildings, began the following year. At first, a student missionary and a band of supporters led the mission's work. By the 1890s, it

1813-406: The twentieth century. For example, James Rossant of Conklin + Rossant agreed with Robert E. Simon 's social vision and consciously sought to mix economic backgrounds when drawing up the master plan for Reston , Virginia. The New Monastic movement has a similar goal and model. New College Settlement The New College Settlement was a student settlement based on the Pleasance in

1862-506: The united congregation's first minister, holding this position in tandem with the wardenship of the settlement. In co-operation with the Pleasance Trust, the work of the settlement expanded into the surrounding buildings, which began to resemble a community centre. Demand, however, exceeded capacity. Soon after it became apparent that a 700-capacity hall would be required, the collapse of an adjoining brewery chimney in December 1924 damaged

1911-495: The upper storey, a central, round-headed, traceried window in the late Scottish Gothic style illuminates the former sanctuary. The buildings were renovated by CLWG Architects in 2015, this included the exposure of the church's original roof structure. The church has been a Category C listed building since 12 December 1974. The tenement was constructed in 1891–1893 to a design by Henry F. Kerr . The snecked sandstone façade consists of two gables , symmetrical save for

1960-606: The wardenship of the settlement, also becoming minister of Pleasance Mission Church in 1913. From the union of Pleasance Mission Church and Arthur Street United Free Church to form Pleasance United Free Church in 1919, the wardenship of the settlement was held ex officio by the minister of Pleasance. This was formalised in 1935 and continued until Bernhard Citron resigned the wardenship in 1950. 1908–1935 John Harry Miller (with Roderick Murchison as colleague: 1927–1935) 1936–1945 William Strang Tindall 1946–1950 Bernhard Citron The former Pleasance Free Church opened in 1858 and

2009-453: Was Addams who became the leading figure of the settlement movement in the United States with the help of like-minded personalities such as Mary Rozet Smith , Mary Keyser, Alice Hamilton , Julia Lathrop , Florence Kelley , and Ella May Dunning Smith , among others. The settlement movement became popular due to the socio-economic situation in the United States between 1890 and 1910, when more than 12 million European people immigrated to

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2058-470: Was active in supporting the New College Settlement, displayed a greater sensitivity to the external causes of poverty. At first, there were usually around five students resident in the settlement. Though unattached to any congregation, Free St Andrew's in the West End was especially active in supporting the settlement in its early days. Free St Andrew's ended its links with the settlement in 1900, citing

2107-447: Was added to the mission premises, establishing the mission as part of the growing settlement movement. Having previously relied on student wardens, a permanent, ordained warden, John Harry Miller , was appointed in 1908. In 1913, the settlement was constituted as Pleasance Mission Church . In 1919, this united with nearby Arthur Street United Free Church. Miller became minister of the united charge of Pleasance United Free Church , holding

2156-404: Was altered by Henry F. Kerr at the time of the neighbouring tenement's construction in 1891–1893. This presents a two-storey gabled façade in snecked masonry to the street. On the ground floor are two tall, mullioned windows which open into a lower hall. Flanking these to the right is a large doble door under a shallow pointed arch with large transom light : this opens into a vestibule. In

2205-715: Was best pursued and pushed for by private charities. The movement was oriented toward a more collectivist approach and was seen as a response to socialist challenges that confronted the British political economy and philanthropy. The British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres is a network of such organisations. Other early examples include Browning Hall , formed in Walworth in 1895 by Francis Herbert Stead , and Mansfield House Settlement, also in east London (see Percy Alden ). Oxford House in Bethnal Green

2254-544: Was clear the mission would be more effective if its most active members resided in the district. In 1893, a residence and additional rooms were added to the mission while the first student warden was selected on an annual basis from among the resident students. The settlement movement began in the United Kingdom with the establishment of East London's Toynbee Hall in 1884. Settlements were facilities in poorer areas where middle-class students lived while working with

2303-407: Was founded in 1887 "by women from Girton and Newnham Colleges at Cambridge University , Lady Margaret , and Somerville Colleges at Oxford University and Bedford and Royal Holloway Universities". Australia's first settlement activity was begun by the University of Sydney Women's Society. The Society was instigated by Helen Phillips when she was the first tutor of women students at

2352-816: Was not a religious-based organization. Instead of Christian ethic, Addams opted to ground her settlement on democratic ideals. It focused on providing education and recreational facilities for European immigrant women and children. Katharine Coman , Vida Scudder , and Katharine Lee Bates were among a group of women who founded Denison House in Boston in 1892. Union Settlement Association , founded in 1894, Lenox Hill Neighborhood House , founded in 1894, Friendly Inn Settlement House, founded in 1894, Henry Street Settlement , founded in 1893, Hiram House , founded in 1896, Houchen House in El Paso Texas, founded in 1912 and University Settlement House , founded in 1886 and

2401-667: Was sponsored by High Church Anglicans associated with Oxford University . In Edinburgh , the New College Settlement was founded in 1893, followed by the Edinburgh University Settlement in 1905. Bristol University Settlement was founded by Marian Pease and Hilda Cashmore in 1911. There is also a global network, The International Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers (IFS). The movement gave rise to many social policy initiatives and innovative ways of working to improve

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