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37-549: Founded and operated by portrait sculptor Frederick Lessore in 1923, the gallery was run by his wife Helen Lessore , a painter, until it closed following her death. Prominent exhibitions at the gallery included the first solo exhibition by Christopher Wood ; one of the first exhibitions by Barbara Hepworth and her husband John Skeaping , and the first solo exhibitions by Sheila Fell , Frank Auerbach and Leon Kossoff . Solo exhibitions of Reginald Fairfax Wells sculpture and pottery. Beaux Arts Gallery also became associated with

74-605: A collection of approximately a thousand paintings and a thousand sculptures, which show the development of a British School of art. The Academy's collection of works on paper includes significant holdings of drawings and sketchbooks by artists working in Britain from the mid-18th century onwards, including George Romney , Lord Leighton and Dame Laura Knight . The photographic collection consists of photographs of Academicians, landscapes, architecture and works of art. Holdings include early portraits by William Lake Price dating from

111-419: A mission "to establish a school or academy of design for the use of students in the arts" with an annual exhibition. The painter Joshua Reynolds was made its first president, and Francis Milner Newton was elected the first secretary, a post he held for two decades until his resignation in 1788. The instrument of foundation, signed by George III on 10 December 1768, named 34 founder members and allowed for

148-583: A student of the Schools was Laura Herford in 1860. Charles Sims was expelled from the Schools in 1895. The Royal Academy made Sir Francis Newbolt the first Honorary Professor of Law in 1928. In 2011 Tracey Emin was appointed Professor of Drawing, and Fiona Rae was appointed Professor of Painting – the first women professors to be appointed in the history of the Academy. Emin was succeeded by Michael Landy , and then David Remfry in 2016 while Rae

185-855: A total membership of 40. The founder members were Reynolds, John Baker , George Barret , Francesco Bartolozzi , Giovanni Battista Cipriani , Augustino Carlini , Charles Catton , Mason Chamberlin , William Chambers , Francis Cotes , George Dance , Nathaniel Dance , Thomas Gainsborough , John Gwynn , Francis Hayman , Nathaniel Hone the Elder , Angelica Kauffman , Jeremiah Meyer , George Michael Moser , Mary Moser , Francis Milner Newton , Edward Penny , John Inigo Richards , Paul Sandby , Thomas Sandby , Dominic Serres , Peter Toms , William Tyler , Samuel Wale , Benjamin West , Richard Wilson , Joseph Wilton , Richard Yeo , Francesco Zuccarelli . William Hoare and Johann Zoffany were added to this list by

222-852: A training would form artists capable of creating works of high moral and artistic worth. Professorial chairs were founded in Chemistry, Anatomy, Ancient History and Ancient Literature, the latter two being held initially by Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith . In 1769, the first year of operation, the Schools enrolled 77 students. By 1830 more than 1,500 students had enrolled in the Schools, an average intake of 25 students each year. They included men such as John Flaxman , J. M. W. Turner , John Soane , Thomas Rowlandson , William Blake , Thomas Lawrence , Decimus Burton , John Constable , George Hayter , David Wilkie , William Etty , Edwin Landseer , and Charles Lucy in 1838. The first woman to enrol as

259-509: Is an open submission writing prize, held annually along similar principles of the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition. The award ceremony features a live reading of the winning story in its entirety by a special guest. Past winning stories have been read by Stephen Fry , Dame Penelope Wilton , Juliet Stevenson and Gwendoline Christie . On 10 December 2019, Rebecca Salter was elected the first female President of

296-872: Is healthy and brilliant." In 1977, Sir Hugh Casson founded the Friends of the Royal Academy, a charity designed to provide financial support for the institution. Pin Drop Studio hosts live events where well-known authors, actors and thinkers read a short story chosen as a response to the main exhibition programme. The literary evenings are hosted by Pin Drop Studio founder Simon Oldfield. Guests have included Graham Swift , Sebastian Faulks , Lionel Shriver , William Boyd , Will Self , Dame Eileen Atkins , Dame Siân Phillips , Lisa Dawn and Ben Okri . The RA and Pin Drop Short Story Award

333-880: Is the only marble by Michelangelo in the United Kingdom and represents the Virgin Mary and child with the infant St John the Baptist . In the entrance portico are two war memorials. One is in memory of the students of the Royal Academy Schools who fell in World War I and the second commemorates the 2,003 men of the Artists Rifles who gave their lives in that war with a further plaque to those who died in World War II. Membership of

370-519: Is to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the fine arts through exhibitions, education and debate. The origin of the Royal Academy of Arts lies in an attempt in 1755 by members of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce , principally the sculptor Henry Cheere , to found an autonomous academy of arts. Prior to this a number of artists were members of

407-723: The Kitchen Sink School (and later the School of London ) and its prominent members; John Bratby , Derrick Greaves , Edward Middleditch and Jack Smith . The Lessore's son, John (born 1939), an artist in his own right, exhibited at the gallery whilst it was open. He has subsequently been appointed a trustee of the National Gallery . 51°30′40″N 0°08′38″W  /  51.5110°N 0.1439°W  / 51.5110; -0.1439 Helen Lessore Helen Lessore OBE (31 October 1907 – 6 May 1994)

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444-592: The Royal Academy Summer Exhibition , has been staged annually without interruption to the present day. Following the cessation of a similar annual exhibition at the British Institution , the Academy expanded its exhibition programme to include a temporary annual loan exhibition of Old Masters in 1870. Britain's first public lectures on art were staged by the Royal Academy, as another way to fulfil its mission. Led by Reynolds,

481-758: The Royal Academy of Arts . Lessore was made an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1958 for her services to the arts at the 1958 Birthday Honours . Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts ( RA ) is an art institution based in Burlington House in Piccadilly in London, England. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its purpose

518-448: The 1850s, portraits by David Wilkie Wynfield and Eadweard Muybridge 's Animal Locomotion (1872–85). Among the paintings decorating the walls and ceilings of the building are those of Benjamin West and Angelica Kauffman, in the entrance hall (Hutchison 1968, p. 153), moved from the previous building at Somerset House. In the centre is West's roundel The Graces Unveiling Nature , c.  1779 , surrounded by panels depicting

555-705: The King in 1769. The Royal Academy was initially housed in cramped quarters in Pall Mall , although in 1771 it was given temporary accommodation for its library and schools in Old Somerset House , then a royal palace. In 1780 it was installed in purpose-built apartments in the first completed wing of New Somerset House, located in the Strand and designed by Chambers, the Academy's first treasurer. The Academy moved in 1837 to Trafalgar Square , where it occupied

592-723: The Kitchen Sink School became known as the Beaux Arts Quartet: John Bratby , Derrick Greaves, Jack Smith and Edward Middleditch . It is especially noteworthy that each of these artists was chosen before they achieved widespread recognition at the 1956 Venice Biennial. Lessore was also key in championing young, unknown artists. For instance, Francis Bacon had a solo exhibition at the Beaux Art Gallery in 1953. Frank Auerbach and Leon Kossoff held their first solo exhibitions at

629-543: The Royal Academy on the retirement of Sir Christopher Le Brun . In September 2007, Sir Charles Saumarez Smith became Secretary and Chief Executive of the Royal Academy, a newly created post. Saumarez Smith stepped down from the role at the end of 2018, and it was announced that Axel Rüger, director of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, would fill the position from June 2019. The Royal Academy Schools form

666-476: The Royal Academy is composed of up to 80 practising artists, each elected by ballot of the General Assembly of the Royal Academy, and known individually as Royal Academicians (RA). The Royal Academy is governed by these Royal Academicians. The 1768 Instrument of Foundation allowed total membership of the Royal Academy to be 40 artists. Originally engravers were completely excluded from the academy, but at

703-569: The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, including Cheere and William Hogarth , or were involved in small-scale private art academies, such as the St Martin's Lane Academy . Although Cheere's attempt failed, the eventual charter , called an 'Instrument', used to establish the Royal Academy of Arts over a decade later was almost identical to that drawn up by Cheere in 1755. The success of St Martin's Lane Academy led to

740-706: The State nor the Crown, and operates as a charity. The RA's home in Burlington House is owned by the UK government and provided to the Academy on a peppercorn rent leasehold of 999 years. One of its principal sources of revenue is hosting a programme of temporary loan exhibitions. These are comparable to those at the National Gallery , the Tate Gallery and leading art galleries outside the United Kingdom. In 2004

777-484: The east wing of the recently completed National Gallery (designed by another Academician, William Wilkins ). These premises soon proved too small to house both institutions. In 1868, 100 years after the Academy's foundation, it moved to Burlington House , Piccadilly, where it remains. The first Royal Academy exhibition of contemporary art, open to all artists, opened on 25 April 1769 and ran until 27 May 1769. 136 works of art were shown and this exhibition, now known as

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814-639: The elements, Fire, Water, Air and Earth. At each end are mounted two of Kauffman's circular paintings, Composition at the west end, and Painting or Colour and Genius or Invention at the east end. The most prized possession of the Academy's collection is Michelangelo 's Taddei Tondo , left to the Academy by Sir George Beaumont . The Tondo is usually on display in the Collection Gallery, which opened in May 2018. Carved in Florence in 1504–06, it

851-586: The exhibition "appears to be tame" though it attempts to "critique the exclusive and impenetrable RA." The Academy hosts the Summer Exhibition an annual open art exhibition , which means anyone can enter their work to be considered for exhibition. Established in 1769, it is the oldest and largest open submission exhibition in the world and is included in London's Social Season . The members of The Academy, also known as Royal Academicians select and hang

888-559: The first of many articles on the painter Walter Sickert in 1932. In the years following World War II, the Beaux Arts Gallery became noted for championing figurative painting. When Frederick died in 1951, Helen took over full directorship of the gallery. Under her leadership, the Beaux Arts Gallery became specifically known for exhibiting artists from the Kitchen Sink School . In particular, four artists from

925-503: The first president, the first program included a lecture by William Hunter . In 2018, the Academy's 250th anniversary, the results of a major refurbishment were unveiled. The project began on 1 January 2008 with the appointment of David Chipperfield Architects. Heritage Lottery Fund support was secured in 2012. On 19 October 2016 the RA's Burlington Gardens site was closed to the public and renovations commenced. Refurbishment work included

962-603: The formation of the Society of Artists of Great Britain and the Free Society of Artists. Sir William Chambers , a prominent architect and head of the British government's architects' department, the Office of Works , used his connections with King George III to gain royal patronage and financial support for the Academy. The Royal Academy of Arts was founded through a personal act of King George III on 10 December 1768 with

999-528: The gallery in 1956 and 1957, respectively. Lessore ran the gallery until its closure in 1965. The gallery's final exhibition was a show of her son, the artist John Lessore . A full retrospective of Lessore's paintings was exhibited at the Fine Art Society in London in 1987. Her paintings can currently be found in public collections around Great Britain, including the Tate Britain . and

1036-554: The highlights of the Academy's permanent collection went on display in the newly restored reception rooms of the original section of Burlington House, which are now known as the John Madejski Fine Rooms. Under the direction of former exhibitions secretary Sir Norman Rosenthal , the Academy has hosted ambitious exhibitions of contemporary art. In its 1997 " Sensation ", it displayed the collection of work by Young British Artists owned by Charles Saatchi . The show

1073-473: The oldest art school in Britain, and have been an integral part of the Royal Academy of Arts since its foundation in 1768. A key principle of the RA Schools is that their three-year post graduate programme is free of charge to every applicant offered a place. The Royal Academy Schools was the first institution to provide professional training for artists in Britain. The Schools' programme of formal training

1110-522: The press by erroneously placing only the support for a sculpture on display, and then justifying it being kept on display. From 3 February to 28 April 2024, the RA shows the exhibition "Entangled Pasts, 1768-now" in order to reveal and discuss "connections between art associated with the Royal Academy of Arts and Britain's colonial histories." However, according to Colin Grant , in The Guardian ,

1147-510: The restoration of 150 sash windows, glazing upgrades to 52 windows and the installation of two large roof lights. The "New RA" was opened to the public on 19 May 2018. The £56 million development includes new galleries, a lecture theatre, a public project space for students and a bridge linking the Burlington House and Burlington Gardens sites. As part of the process 10,000 works from the RA's collection were digitised and made available online. The Royal Academy receives funding from neither

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1184-401: The sculptor and gallerist Frederick Lessore in 1934. They had two sons, Henry Lessore, a writer, born 1937, and John Lessore, an artist, born 1939. In 1931 she began to work as a secretary at the Beaux Arts Gallery , which was founded by the sculptor Frederick Lessore, on Bruton Place in London. Increasingly involved in the running of the gallery and the management of artists, she published

1221-425: The works. Art works in a variety of media are exhibited including painting, sculpture, film, architecture, photography and printmaking. Tracey Emin exhibited in the 2005 show. In March 2007 Emin accepted the Academy's invitation to become a Royal Academician, commenting in her weekly newspaper column that, "It doesn't mean that I have become more conformist; it means that the Royal Academy has become more open, which

1258-491: Was a British gallerist and the director of the Beaux Arts Gallery in London. She was also a painter. She was born Helen Brook on 31 October 1907 in London , England . Her father, Abraham Brook (c.1876–1944), had come to London from Lithuania. Her mother, Edith Berliner (1881–1935), was English, from a Frankfurt family of Spanish descent. Brook studied at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1924 to 1928. She married

1295-425: Was controversial for its display of Marcus Harvey 's portrait of Myra Hindley , a convicted murderer. The painting was vandalised while on display. In 2004, the Academy attracted media attention for a series of financial scandals and reports of a feud between Rosenthal and other senior staff. These problems resulted in the cancellation of what were expected to have been profitable exhibitions. In 2006, it attracted

1332-586: Was modelled on that of the French Académie de peinture et de sculpture , founded by Louis XIV in 1648. It was shaped by the precepts laid down by Sir Joshua Reynolds. In his fifteen Discourses delivered to pupils in the Schools between 1769 and 1790, Reynolds stressed the importance of copying the Old Masters, and of drawing from casts after the Antique and from the life model. He argued that such

1369-560: Was succeeded by Chantal Joffe in January 2016. The first president of the Royal Academy, Sir Joshua Reynolds, gave his noted self-portrait, beginning the Royal Academy collection. This was followed by gifts from other founding members, such as Gainsborough and Benjamin West . Subsequently, each elected Member was required to donate an artwork (known as a "Diploma Work") typical of his or her artistic output, and this practice continues today. Additional donations and purchases have resulted in

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