Misplaced Pages

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46-630: What is today the Beaverton Valley Times was established in 1951 as The Valley News , with the consolidation of four local newspapers, the Aloha News , Beaverton Enterprise , Multnomah Press , and Tigard Sentinel . However, the paper's owners have long used 1921 as the date of foundation, based on that being the year in which the owner of the four papers, H. H. Jeffries, acquired the Multnomah Press . Jeffries launched

92-658: A union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries ), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. Many of the OCLC member libraries collectively maintain WorldCat's database , the world's largest bibliographic database . The database includes other information sources in addition to member library collections. OCLC makes WorldCat itself available free to libraries, but

138-517: A "community engagement system" that "combines the power of customer relationship management, marketing, and analytics with ILS functions". OCLC began offering Wise to libraries in the United States in 2019. In January 2015, OCLC acquired Sustainable Collection Services (SCS). SCS offered consulting services based on analyzing library print collection data to help libraries manage and share materials. In 2017, OCLC acquired Relais International,

184-564: A Review Board to consult with member libraries more transparently. In August 2012, OCLC recommended that member libraries adopt the Open Data Commons Attribution (ODC-BY) license when sharing library catalog data, although some member libraries have explicit agreements with OCLC that they can publish catalog data using the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. WorldCat WorldCat is

230-593: A broad range of purposes and business models." OCLC has collaborated with the Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia volunteer community, through integrating library metadata with Wikimedia projects, hosting a Wikipedian in residence , and doing a national training program through WebJunction called "Misplaced Pages + Libraries: Better Together". OCLC's WorldCat database is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research. WorldCat

276-492: A centralized support center. In July 2010, the company was sued by SkyRiver, a rival startup, in an antitrust suit . Library automation company Innovative Interfaces joined SkyRiver in the suit. The suit was dropped in March 2013, however, following the acquisition of SkyRiver by Innovative Interfaces . Innovative Interfaces was bought by ExLibris in 2020, therefore passing OCLC as the dominant supplier of ILS services in

322-493: A cooperative of participating global libraries, was acquired by Springshare from OCLC in 2019 and migrated to Springshare's LibAnswers platform. OCLC commercially sells software, such as: OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications. These publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through

368-403: A cooperative, computerized network for libraries in the state of Ohio . The group first met on July 5, 1967, on the campus of Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization and hired Frederick G. Kilgour , a former Yale University medical school librarian, as first executive director. Kilgour and Ralph H. Parker, who was the head of libraries at

414-546: A key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on the OCLC Members Council. During 2008, OCLC commissioned two studies to look at distribution channels; at the same time, the council approved governance changes that had been recommended by the Board of Trustees severing the tie between the networks and governance. In early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened

460-493: A library interlibrary loan service provider based in Ottawa, Canada. A more complete list of mergers and acquisitions is available on the OCLC website. In May 2008, OCLC was criticized by Jeffrey Beall for monopolistic practices, among other faults. Library blogger Rick Mason responded that although he thought Beall had some "valid criticisms" of OCLC, he demurred from some of Beall's statements and warned readers to "beware

506-601: Is a division of OCLC funded by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation beginning in 2003. OCLC partnered with search engine providers in 2003 to advocate for libraries and share information across the Internet landscape. Google, Yahoo! , and Ask.com all collaborated with OCLC to make WorldCat records searchable through those search engines. OCLC's advocacy campaign "Geek the Library", started in 2009, highlights

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552-682: Is an American nonprofit cooperative organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large". It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center , then became the Online Computer Library Center as it expanded. In 2017, the name was formally changed to OCLC, Inc. OCLC and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat ,

598-431: Is available to the public for searching via a subscription web-based service called FirstSearch, to which many libraries subscribe, as well as through the publicly available WorldCat.org. OCLC assigns a unique control number (referred to as an "OCN" for "OCLC Control Number") to each new bibliographic record in WorldCat. Numbers are assigned serially, and in mid-2013 over a billion OCNs had been created. In September 2013,

644-510: Is checked out). In a small percentage of libraries, the local catalog is also run by OCLC using an integrated library system called WorldCat Discovery and WorldShare Management Services. Library contributions to WorldCat are made via the Connexion computer program, which was introduced in 2001; its predecessor, OCLC Passport, was phased out in May 2005. Cataloging librarians may also use

690-622: The Washington County News-Times of Forest Grove were affiliated or jointly owned, and the renaming of the Valley News as the Times was intended to publicize that relationship. The publishing company's name at that time was Valley Publishing, Inc. Circulation surpassed 10,000 in 1967. Publisher Hugh Edward McGilvra sold the newspaper in 1981 to the owners of Eugene's Register-Guard . In January 1989, "Beaverton"

736-625: The Sentinel in 1924 and the Aloha News and Beaverton Enterprise in 1927. He later sold the group of four papers to Stan Netherton. Meanwhile, another newspaper being published separately in the area was the Beaverton Review , which was launched in 1922, but ceased publication in 1941. The four jointly owned newspapers were consolidated into a single paper, The Valley News , after Netherton sold them to Ivan Smith and H.D. and Dan Powell, in early 1951. Not long afterward, in late 1951,

782-1209: The Society of American Archivists , the Open Archives Initiative , the Institute for Museum and Library Services , the International Organization for Standardization , the National Information Standards Organization , the World Wide Web Consortium , the Internet Engineering Task Force , and Internet2 . One of the most successful contributions to this effort was the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, "an open forum of libraries, archives, museums, technology organizations, and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online metadata standards that support

828-680: The University of Missouri , had proposed the shared cataloging system in a 1965 report as consultants to the Committee of Librarians of the Ohio College Association. Kilgour and Parker wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. They were inspired in part by the earlier Columbia–Harvard–Yale Medical Libraries Computerization Project, an attempt at shared automated printing of catalog cards. The plan

874-542: The Valley News was sold to Hugh McGilvra and Elbert Hawkins, with George Hoyt joining them later as co-owner. In 1951, the paper had fewer than 2,000 paid subscribers and averaged 12–16 pages per issue. On September 6, 1962, The Valley News was renamed The Valley Times ( OCLC number 30759134). By that time, the Tigard Times , which had begun publication in February 1957 (as a weekly, subscription paper), and

920-729: The Netherlands and which was renamed "OCLC" at the end of 2007. In July 2006, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) merged with OCLC. On January 11, 2008, OCLC announced that it had purchased EZproxy . It has also acquired OAIster . The process started in January 2009 and from October 31, 2009, OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat.org. In 2013, OCLC acquired the Dutch library automation company HKA and its integrated library system Wise, which OCLC calls

966-521: The OCLC declared these numbers to be in the public domain , removing a perceived barrier to widespread use of OCNs outside OCLC itself. The control numbers link WorldCat's records to local library system records by providing a common reference key for a record across libraries. OCNs are particularly useful as identifiers for books and other bibliographic materials that do not have ISBNs (e.g., books published before 1970). OCNs are often used as identifiers for Misplaced Pages and Wikidata . In October 2013, it

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1012-459: The OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record. WikiD was later phased out, although WorldCat later incorporated user-generated content in other ways. In 2006, it became possible for anyone to search WorldCat directly at its open website WorldCat.org, not only through the subscription FirstSearch interface where it had been available on

1058-503: The US (over 70% market share for academic libraries and over 50% for public libraries for ExLibris, versus OCLC's 10% market share of both types of libraries in 2019). In 2022, membership and governance expanded to include any institution with a subscription to one of many qualifying OCLC products (previously institutions qualified for membership by "contributing intellectual content or participating in global resource or reference sharing"), with

1104-609: The VIAF Council composed of representatives of institutions that contribute data to VIAF. VIAF numbers are broadly used as standard identifiers, including in Misplaced Pages. OCLC acquired NetLibrary , a provider of electronic books and textbooks, in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to EBSCO Industries . OCLC owns 100% of the shares of OCLC PICA , a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in Leiden in

1150-749: The annual Better Newspaper Contest of the Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association. In July 2000, the Valley Times was honored by the same organization for excellence. Community Newspapers Inc. sold the newspaper along with several others in the Portland metropolitan area to Pamplin Media Group in August 2000. By 2003, the paper began printing announcements for same-sex couples' commitment ceremonies. In 2005, it

1196-474: The catalog is the foundation for other subscription OCLC services (such as resource sharing and collection management). WorldCat is used by librarians for cataloging and research and by the general public. As of December 2021 , WorldCat contained over 540 million bibliographic records in 483 languages, representing over 3 billion physical and digital library assets, and the WorldCat persons dataset ( mined from WorldCat) included over 100 million people. OCLC

1242-514: The exception of for-profit organizations that are part of OCLC's partner program. This change reflected OCLC's expanding number of services due to its corporate acquisitions . The following people served successively as president of OCLC: OCLC provides bibliographic , abstract and full-text information to anyone. OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat —the OCLC Online Union Catalog,

1288-430: The hyperbole and the personal nature of his criticism, for they strongly overshadow that which is worth stating". In November 2008, the Board of Directors of OCLC unilaterally issued a new Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records that would have required member libraries to include an OCLC policy note on their bibliographic records ; the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers. Among those who protested

1334-495: The largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988. A browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013; it

1380-607: The largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay (around $ 217.8 million annually in total as of 2021 ) for the many different services it offers. OCLC also maintains the Dewey Decimal Classification system. OCLC began in 1967, as the Ohio College Library Center, through a collaboration of university presidents, vice presidents, and library directors who wanted to create

1426-405: The monthly Sherwood Gazette , published on Thursdays and named simply The Times . The paper now covers Beaverton, Tigard, Tualatin, and Sherwood . The three papers had already been sharing some content. The new title is used for print copies delivered to subscribers, while newspaper racks/boxes carry a slightly different, zoned edition of The Times , named The Washington County Times , that

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1472-919: The organization's website. During the COVID-19 pandemic , OCLC participated in the REopening Archives, Libraries, and Museums (REALM) project funded by the IMLS to study the surface transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 on common library and museum materials and surfaces, and published a series of reports. Advocacy has been a part of OCLC's mission since its founding in 1967. OCLC staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders, information professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, political leaders, trustees, students and patrons to advocate "advancing research, scholarship, education, community development, information access, and global cooperation". WebJunction, which provides training services to librarians,

1518-479: The policy was the non-librarian activist Aaron Swartz , who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the Open Library , Zotero , and Misplaced Pages, and who started a petition to "Stop the OCLC powergrab". Swartz's petition garnered 858 signatures, but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded. Within a few months, the library community had forced OCLC to retract its policy and to create

1564-509: The role of public libraries. The campaign, funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 OCLC report, "From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America". Other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research. Such projects have included communities such as

1610-467: The web to subscribing libraries for more than a decade before. Options for more sophisticated searches of WorldCat have remained available through the FirstSearch interface. In 2007, WorldCat Identities began providing pages for 20 million "identities", which are metadata about names—predominantly authors and persons who are the subjects of published titles. In 2017, OCLC's WorldCat Search API

1656-462: The whole WorldCat database and was subsequently sued by OCLC in January 2024. Local catalogs of many OCLC member libraries are intermittently synchronized with the WorldCat database. WorldCat allows participating institutions to add direct links from WorldCat to their own local catalog entries for particular items, which enables the user to click through to the local catalog to quickly determine an item's real-time status (for example, whether or not it

1702-526: Was added to the paper's name, making it The Beaverton Valley Times . In 1989, the paper's circulation was in excess of 8,000. The paper won a first-place prize for its size category in 1992 for general excellence from the Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association . In 1996, along with five other area newspapers, the Valley Times was sold to Steve and Randalyn Clark. In 1997, the paper took first place in its division at

1748-473: Was founded in 1967 under the leadership of Fred Kilgour . That same year, OCLC began to develop the union catalog technology that would later evolve into WorldCat; the first catalog records were added in 1971. In 2003, OCLC began the "Open WorldCat" pilot program, making abbreviated records from a subset of WorldCat available to partner web sites and booksellers, to increase the accessibility of its subscribing member libraries' collections. In October 2005,

1794-551: Was integrated into the cite tool of Misplaced Pages's VisualEditor , allowing Misplaced Pages editors to cite sources from WorldCat easily. Beginning in 2017, OCLC and the Internet Archive have collaborated to make the Internet Archive's records of digitized books available in WorldCat. In May 2022, OCLC announced WorldCat Entities, a new infrastructure for library linked data . Maintenance of WorldCat Identities

1840-632: Was introduced when the papers were merged. In 2021, Pamplin revived the use of the Beaverton Valley Times and the Sherwood Gazette titles in some print editions, but in July 2024, the Sherwood Gazette was again merged into The Times , its print edition discontinued. In 1914, the Beaverton Owl changed its name to the Times . It continued under that title until at least 1922. OCLC OCLC, Inc. , doing business as OCLC ,

1886-608: Was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the governance structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with "networks", organizations that provided training, support and marketing services. By 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played

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1932-727: Was replaced by the Classify Service. Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center, with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania . Starting in 1971, OCLC produced catalog cards for members alongside its shared online catalog; the company printed its last catalog cards on October 1, 2015. QuestionPoint , an around-the-clock reference service provided to users by

1978-496: Was reported that out of 29,673 instances of book infoboxes in Misplaced Pages, "there were 23,304 ISBNs and 15,226 OCNs", and regarding Wikidata: "of around 14 million Wikidata items, 28,741 were books. 5403 Wikidata items have an ISBN associated with them, and 12,262 have OCNs." OCLC also runs the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF), an international name authority file, with oversight from

2024-614: Was suspended and the service will be discontinued as it is being replaced by WorldCat Entities. In August 2022, OCLC launched a "redesigned and reimagined" WorldCat.org website with the stated goal "to offer greater accessibility to the collections". The website now requires the use of JavaScript and is therefore no longer accessible for users of older web browsers or those that have JavaScript disabled for security reasons . The update also removed users' book reviews and replaced them with reviews from Amazon subsidiary GoodReads . In 2023, Anna's Archive scraped and began distributing

2070-565: Was the largest weekly newspaper in Oregon . The Oregonian announced plans to launch a competing paper, the Beaverton Leader , in March 2013. The Leader ceased publication in 2016. Effective with the edition of February 8, 2018, the print edition of the Beaverton Valley Times was combined with those of two other Pamplin papers, the weekly The Times (also known as the Tigard Times , and covering both Tigard and Tualatin ) and

2116-555: Was to merge the catalogs of Ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database to streamline operations, control costs, and increase efficiency in library management, bringing libraries together cooperatively to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26, 1971. This was the first online cataloging by any library worldwide. Between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership

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