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25-520: The Belling-Lee connector (also type 9,52 , but largely only in the context of its specification, IEC 61169, Part 2: Radio-frequency coaxial connector of type 9,52 ) is commonly used in Europe, parts of Southeast Asia, and Australia, to connect coaxial cables with each other and with terrestrial VHF / UHF roof antennas , antenna signal amplifiers, CATV distribution equipment, TV sets , and FM and DAB radio receivers . In these countries, it

50-624: A combination of public and private sector, and some are private sector only. About 90% of those who prepare IEC standards work in industry. IEC Member countries include: In 2001 and in response to calls from the WTO to open itself to more developing nations, the IEC launched the Affiliate Country Programme to encourage developing nations to become involved in the commission's work or to use its International Standards. Countries signing

75-461: A pledge to participate in the work and to encourage the use of IEC Standards in national standards and regulations are granted access to a limited number of technical committee documents for the purposes of commenting. In addition, they can select a limited number of IEC Standards for their national standards' library. Countries participating in the Affiliate Country Programme are: American Institute of Electrical Engineers The 1884 founders of

100-812: A vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics, batteries, solar energy , nanotechnology , and marine energy, as well as many others. The IEC also manages four global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system or components conform to its international standards. All electrotechnologies are covered by IEC Standards, including energy production and distribution, electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics , electroacoustics , multimedia , telecommunications and medical technology , as well as associated general disciplines such as terminology and symbols, electromagnetic compatibility, measurement and performance, dependability, design and development, safety and

125-484: A wholly owned subsidiary of Dialight , since 1992. In type 9,52 , the 9,52 , in French SI style, refers to the 9.525-millimetre ( 3 ⁄ 8 -inch) male external and female internal connector body diameter. In their most common form the connectors just slide together. There is, however, also a screw-coupled variant which is specified to have an M14×1 thread. There is also a miniature Belling-Lee connector which

150-754: Is also available as EN 60034. Standards developed jointly with ISO, such as ISO/IEC 26300 ( Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0 ), ISO/IEC 27001 ( Information technology, Security techniques, Information security management systems, Requirements ), and ISO/IEC 17000 series, carry the acronym of both organizations. The use of the ISO/IEC prefix covers publications from ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 – Information Technology , as well as conformity assessment standards developed by ISO CASCO (Committee on conformity assessment) and IEC CAB (Conformity Assessment Board). Other standards developed in cooperation between IEC and ISO are assigned numbers in

175-406: Is known colloquially as an aerial connector , IEC connector , PAL connector , or simply as a TV aerial connector . It is one of the oldest coaxial connectors still commonly used in consumer devices. For television signals, the convention is that the source has a male connector and the receptor has a female connector. For FM radio signals, the convention is that the source has a female connector and

200-456: Is made up of members, called national committees, and each NC represents its nation's electrotechnical interests in the IEC. This includes manufacturers, providers, distributors and vendors, consumers and users, all levels of governmental agencies, professional societies and trade associations as well as standards developers from national standards bodies. National committees are constituted in different ways. Some NCs are public sector only, some are

225-653: Is published online as the Electropedia . The CISPR ( Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques ) – in English, the International Special Committee on Radio Interference – is one of the groups founded by the IEC. Currently, 89 countries are IEC members while another 85 participate in the Affiliate Country Programme, which is not a form of membership but is designed to help industrializing countries get involved with

250-574: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers , and others, which began at the 1900 Paris International Electrical Congress, , with British engineer R. E. B. Crompton playing a key role. In 1906, Lord Kelvin was elected as the first President of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The IEC was instrumental in developing and distributing standards for units of measurement, particularly

275-568: The Institute of Radio Engineers (the IRE, established 1912). The dynamic growth of radio technology and the emergence of the new discipline of electronics in the 1940s led to stiff competition between AIEE and IRE, with IRE showing faster growth in the 1950s and early 1960s, and attracting more students. In 1957, the IRE, with approximately 55,500 members, surpassed the AIEE in membership size; by 1962

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300-714: The gauss , hertz , and weber . It was also first to promote the Giorgi System of standards, later developed into the SI , or Système International d'unités (in English, the International System of Units). In 1938, it published a multilingual international vocabulary to unify terminology relating to electrical, electronic and related technologies. This effort continues, and the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

325-406: The 80000 series, such as IEC 82045–1. IEC Standards are also being adopted by other certifying bodies such as BSI (United Kingdom), CSA (Canada), UL & ANSI / INCITS (United States), SABS (South Africa), Standards Australia , SPC / GB (China) and DIN (Germany). IEC standards adopted by other certifying bodies may have some noted differences from the original IEC standard. The IEC

350-805: The AIEE was held during the International Electrical Exhibition of 1884 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, on October 7–8, at the Franklin Institute . After several years of operating primarily in New York City , the AIEE authorized local sections in 1902. These were first formed in the United States in Chicago and Ithaca, New York , in 1902, and then in other countries. The first section outside

375-526: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) included some of the most prominent inventors and innovators in the then new field of electrical engineering, among them Nikola Tesla , Thomas Alva Edison , Elihu Thomson , Edwin J. Houston , and Edward Weston . The purpose of the AIEE was stated "to promote the Arts and Sciences connected with the production and utilization of electricity and

400-697: The IEC. Originally located in London , United Kingdom, the IEC moved to its current headquarters in Geneva , Switzerland in 1948. It has regional centres in Africa ( Nairobi , Kenya), Asia ( Singapore ), Oceania ( Sydney , Australia), Latin America ( São Paulo , Brazil) and North America ( Worcester, Massachusetts , United States). The work is done by some 10,000 electrical and electronics experts from industry, government, academia, test labs and others with an interest in

425-468: The IRE had 96,500 members to the AIEE's 57,000. After the AIEE's founding in 1884, its member's badge was created in 1893 by a committee headed by Alexander Graham Bell , AIEE's president from 1891 to 1892. The badge's logo depicted Benjamin Franklin 's kite, representative of the discovery that lightning carried electricity. The design also showed a winding of gold wire with its midpoints crossed by

450-667: The United States, established in 1903, was in Toronto , Canada. AIEE's regional structure was soon complemented by a technical structure. The first technical committee of AIEE, the High Voltage Transmission Committee, was formed in 1903. Standardization work started in 1891 with the formation of a committee on units and standards, followed by a committee on standard wiring. The formation of the AIEE Subcommittee on Large-Scale Computing in 1946

475-678: The environment. The first International Electrical Congress took place in 1881 at the International Exposition of Electricity , held in Paris. At that time the International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units was agreed to. The International Electrotechnical Commission held its inaugural meeting on 26 June 1906, following discussions among the British Institution of Electrical Engineers ,

500-505: The range 60000–79999 and their titles take a form such as IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment . Following the Dresden Agreement with CENELEC the numbers of older IEC standards were converted in 1997 by adding 60000, for example IEC 27 became IEC 60027. Standards of the 60000 series are also found preceded by EN to indicate that the IEC standard is also adopted by CENELEC as a European standard; for example IEC 60034

525-624: The receptor has a male connector. This is more or less universally adopted with TV signals, while it is not uncommon for FM radio receivers to deviate from this, especially FM radio receivers from companies not based in the areas that use this kind of connector. It was invented at Belling & Lee Ltd in Enfield, United Kingdom around 1922 at the time of the first BBC broadcasts. Originally intended for use only at MF frequencies (up to 1.6 MHz) when adopted for television they were used for frequencies as high as 957 MHz. Belling Lee Limited still exists as

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550-741: The subject. IEC Standards are often adopted as national standards by its members. The IEC cooperates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) . In addition, it works with several major standards development organizations, including the IEEE with which it signed a cooperation agreement in 2002, which was amended in 2008 to include joint development work. IEC Standards that are not jointly developed with ISO have numbers in

575-853: The welfare of those employed in these Industries: by means of social intercourse, the reading and discussion of professional papers and the circulation by means of publication among members and associates of information thus obtained." The first president of AIEE was Norvin Green , president of the Western Union Telegraph Company . Other notable AIEE presidents were Alexander Graham Bell (1891–1892), Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1901–1902), Bion J. Arnold (1903–1904), Schuyler S. Wheeler (1905–1906), Dugald C. Jackson (1910–1911), Ralph D. Mershon (1912–1913), Cyprien O. Mailloux (1913–1914), Michael I. Pupin (1925–1926), and Titus G. LeClair (1950–1951). The first technical meeting of

600-407: Was considered a key milestone in the history of computer engineering , representing the first time that a professional association recognized the significance of computers and computing in electro-technology . The early technical areas of interest of AIEE were electric power , lighting , and wired communications. Radio and wireless communications became the major focus of a rival organization,

625-692: Was used for internal connections inside some equipment (including BBC RC5/3 Band II receiver and the STC AF101 Radio Telephone). The miniature version is only about 4.4-millimetre ( 3 ⁄ 16 -inch) in diameter. International Electrotechnical Commission The International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ; French : Commission électrotechnique internationale ) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical , electronic and related technologies – collectively known as " electrotechnology ". IEC standards cover

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