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71-618: Jadavpur University ( abbr. JU ) is a public state funded research and technology university with its main campus located at Jadavpur , Kolkata , West Bengal , India. It was established in 1906 as Bengal Technical Institute and was converted into Jadavpur University in 1955. As of 2024 NIRF rankings, Jadavpur University has been ranked 9th among universities, 12th among engineering institutes, and 17th overall in India. The university has been recognized by UGC as an institute with "Potential for Excellence" and accredited an "A" grade by

142-481: A deep impact on the general public, leading to an outcry. Media attention was also given to the need for strengthening security measures within the university, a suggestion that was vehemently opposed by certain sections of Jadavpur University's political circles. Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, directed the Higher Education Committee of West Bengal to form a team to investigate the incident. As

213-466: A few examples, there is Aldi , from Theo Albrecht , the name of its founder, followed by discount ; Haribo , from Hans Riegel , the name of its founder, followed by Bonn , the town of its head office; and Adidas , from Adolf "Adi" Dassler , the nickname of its founder followed by his surname. Manick Sorcar Manick Sorcar (formal name Prafulla Chandra "P.C." Sorcar) is an Indian American artist, animator, engineer, and laserist. Sorcar

284-450: A former PSU under Department of Heavy industries, GOI on a 297 year lease. From 2014, the campus is used as a research hub of the university and known as West Annexe campus. Research institutes like DRDO and CSIR also operate from the campus. A portion of land and building of the campus is leased out to DRDO for long term, which is the 40 percent of the space. At that, the "Jagadish Chandra Bose Centre for Advanced Technology" (JCBCAT)

355-858: A number of honors, including the Bharat Samman Achievers Award at the XXI Annual Meet NRI Divas 2011 of the NRI Institute in New Delhi. In 2011, Jadavpur University opened the Manick Sorcar Laser Animation Laboratory . Sorcar donated laser lab equipment worth more than US$ 100,000 and introduced the first laser animation course at the university as a special application of lighting for degrees in illumination engineering. On 6 November 2013, at Aalen , Germany, he

426-791: A number of schools. In March 2011, Indian American scientist Manick Sorcar assisted in the opening of a laser animation lab under the School of Illumination Science, Engineering and Design. To facilitate interdisciplinary learning and higher research in diverse fields, there are nearly fifty Centre for Studies. The Central Library at Jadavpur campus occupies 41,500 square feet (3,860 m) and houses 6,46,296 books, 80,700 bound volumes of journals, and 13000 theses and dissertations, 37,000 items of non-book materials such as reports pamphlets, maps and micro-forms and 1159 print and 1448 online journals. The library also has access to around 3000 online journals more through INFLIBNET and INDEST Consortia. In total,

497-480: A person's name, such as Migjeni —an abbreviation from his original name ( Millosh Gjergj Nikolla ) a famous Albanian poet and writer—or ASDRENI ( Aleksander Stavre Drenova ), another famous Albanian poet. Other such names which are used commonly in recent decades are GETOAR, composed from Gegeria + Tosks (representing the two main dialects of the Albanian language, Gegë and Toskë), and Arbanon —which

568-555: A plural of an initialization without an apostrophe can also be used for a number, or a letter. Examples: For units of measure, the same form is used for both singular and plural. Examples: When an abbreviation contains more than one period, Hart's Rules recommends putting the s after the final one. Examples: However, the same plurals may be rendered less formally as: According to Hart's Rules , an apostrophe may be used in rare cases where clarity calls for it, for example when letters or symbols are referred to as objects. However,

639-568: A seating capacity of around 3000. The 6 Acres sports complex have Badminton court, Tennis court, Kabaddi court and playground for other organising sports like cricket and football. Additionally the university has a six canteens, amenities center, and guest house, cafeteria, health centre, gymnasium, Pwd centre and other facilities like banks, post office, book shops etc. Jadavpur University has its second campus on 26 Acres area in Bidhannagar (Salt Lake) Sector-III. There are 5 departments in

710-463: A series of protests broke out in response to the alleged molestation of a female student and beating of a male student by 10 other students on 28 August 2014. Her family and ultimately the student body were unsatisfied by the response of the Vice Chancellor to the allegations. Protests began on 10 September. On 16 September students gheraoed several officials in their offices, demanding that

781-557: A single letter and was originally spelled with lower case letters then there is no need for capitalization. However, when abbreviating a phrase where only the first letter of each word is taken, then all letters should be capitalized, as in YTD for year-to-date , PCB for printed circuit board and FYI for for your information . However, see the following section regarding abbreviations that have become common vocabulary: these are no longer written with capital letters. A period (a.k.a. full stop)

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852-547: A special journey to the lands of India where they have learned more of her culture and people. These films have taught that diversity is an asset and what brings us together is our common thread of humanity irrespective of where we grow up...your work continues to make Colorado, the United States, and India proud." Sorcar's art and animation have been the subject of numerous articles, academic research papers, and books. For his simultaneous contribution to art and science, he

923-517: A symbol such as "km" for " kilometre ". In the International System of Units (SI) manual the word "symbol" is used consistently to define the shorthand used to represent the various SI units of measure. The manual also defines the way in which units should be written , the principal rules being: A syllabic abbreviation is usually formed from the initial syllables of several words, such as Interpol = International + police . It

994-738: A word to a single letter was common in both Greek and Roman writing. In Roman inscriptions, "Words were commonly abbreviated by using the initial letter or letters of words, and most inscriptions have at least one abbreviation". However, "some could have more than one meaning, depending on their context. (For example, ⟨A⟩ can be an abbreviation for many words, such as ager , amicus , annus , as , Aulus , Aurelius , aurum , and avus .)" Many frequent abbreviations consisted of more than one letter: for example COS for consul and COSS for its nominative etc. plural consules . Abbreviations were frequently used in early English . Manuscripts of copies of

1065-568: Is a syllabic abbreviation of Commonwealth and (Thomas) Edison . Sections of California are also often colloquially syllabically abbreviated, as in NorCal (Northern California), CenCal (Central California), and SoCal (Southern California). Additionally, in the context of Los Angeles, the syllabic abbreviation SoHo (Southern Hollywood) refers to the southern portion of the Hollywood neighborhood. Partially syllabic abbreviations are preferred by

1136-658: Is a three-time winner of the ILDA Artistic Award from the International Laser Display Association and is also the first Indian American to ever win this award. He first won in 2006 for his Enlightenment of Buddha , which mixed live-performance with life-size laser animation and three-dimensional visual effects on stage and won the First Place at the 2005 International Laser Display Association award contest. His second win

1207-533: Is a variant of the acronym. Syllabic abbreviations are usually written using lower case , sometimes starting with a capital letter , and are always pronounced as words rather than letter by letter. Syllabic abbreviations should be distinguished from portmanteaus , which combine two words without necessarily taking whole syllables from each. Syllabic abbreviations are not widely used in English. Some UK government agencies such as Ofcom (Office of Communications) and

1278-518: Is also the chancellor of the university, met with student representatives and promised to conduct an impartial inquiry. However, students said they will continue to boycott classes until the Vice Chancellor resigns. On 26 September, a State Government inquiry panel submitted its report, confirming that the female student had indeed been sexually abused on 28 August 2014. On 26 September, police summoned two Jadavpur University students to come to

1349-777: Is an alternative way used to describe all Albanian lands. Syllabic abbreviations were and are common in German ; much like acronyms in English, they have a distinctly modern connotation, although contrary to popular belief, many date back to before 1933 , if not the end of the Great War . Kriminalpolizei , literally criminal police but idiomatically the Criminal Investigation Department of any German police force, begat KriPo (variously capitalised), and likewise Schutzpolizei ( protection police or uniform department ) begat SchuPo . Along

1420-523: Is an artist in various media, including fine arts, cartoons, animations, laser arts, and world-touring stage shows with live action mixed with laser animation. His animated films, all based on children's stories from India, have won prestigious awards at international film festivals and been broadcast on the Public Broadcasting Service for 25 consecutive years. His laser arts and animation in various forms have won global awards from

1491-418: Is controversy as to which should be used. One generally accepted rule is to be consistent in a body of work. To this end, publishers may express their preferences in a style guide . Some controversies that arise are described below. If the original word was capitalized then the first letter of its abbreviation should retain the capital, for example Lev. for Leviticus . When a word is abbreviated to more than

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1562-436: Is established by collaboration of JU and DRDO. The regional centre of "National Afforestaion & Eco-Development Board" is also located in the campus. Jadavpur University Newtown campus is under planning. State-of-the-art facilities along with laboratories and a convention centre are planned on the 5 acre campus. Construction is yet to begin as of 2024. In addition to being a unitary university, it has other institutes like

1633-695: Is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules , a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not. Fowler's Modern English Usage says a period is used for both of these shortened forms, but recommends against this practice: advising it only for end-shortened words and lower-case initialisms; not for middle-shortened words and upper-case initialisms. Some British style guides, such as for The Guardian and The Economist , disallow periods for all abbreviations. In American English ,

1704-584: Is typically US . There are multiple ways to pluralize an abbreviation. Sometimes this accomplished by adding an apostrophe and an s ( 's ), as in "two PC's have broken screens". But, some find this confusing since the notation can indicate possessive case . And, this style is deprecated by many style guides. For instance, Kate Turabian , writing about style in academic writings, allows for an apostrophe to form plural acronyms "only when an abbreviation contains internal periods or both capital and lowercase letters". For example, "DVDs" and "URLs" and "Ph.D.'s", while

1775-522: Is used as the preferred term, acronym refers more specifically to when the abbreviation is pronounced as a word rather than as separate letters; examples include SWAT and NASA . Initialisms, contractions and crasis share some semantic and phonetic functions, and are connected by the term abbreviation in loose parlance. In early times, abbreviations may have been common due to the effort involved in writing (many inscriptions were carved in stone) or to provide secrecy via obfuscation . Reduction of

1846-676: The Denver International Airport , the Colorado Convention Center , and several sport centers in Japan and Saudi Arabian palaces. During this time, Sorcar authored three widely-used books on lighting design, used as textbooks in US and Indian universities. Sorcar first shot to fame in the nineties when his Deepa & Rupa: A Fairy Tale from India , India's first animation mixed with live action, received

1917-685: The IIT-BHU Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award for Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Cultural and Enlightenment through Science and Arts. In 2015, during the Silver Jubilee celebration for the 25th anniversary of his animation broadcast on PBS, the Governor of Colorado John Hickenlooper congratulated Sorcar by writing: "For a quarter of a century, your animation films have taken children on

1988-500: The International Laser Display Association . Sorcar was born on 29 November 1944. He is the eldest son of legendary Indian magician, the late P.C. Sorcar and Basanti Devi. He has two older sisters, Ila and Gita, and two younger brothers Prodip and Provas , both of whom are magicians. He is married to Shikha Devi and has two daughters, Piya and Payal. In his youth, Sorcar was a stage assistant for his father's world-touring magic shows, where he also painted backdrops and designed

2059-515: The J D Birla Institute , and the Institute of Business Management affiliated to it, which operate out of independent campuses. While these institutes have their own independent curriculum as well as examination systems, the final degree is offered by Jadavpur University. As of 2023, Jadavpur University has 37 Departments and 21 Schools of Interdisciplinary Research. To facilitate interdisciplinary learning and research in diverse fields, there are

2130-576: The Modern Language Association explicitly says, "do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of an abbreviation". Also, the American Psychological Association specifically says, "without an apostrophe". However, the 1999 style guide for The New York Times states that the addition of an apostrophe is necessary when pluralizing all abbreviations, preferring "PC's, TV's and VCR's". Forming

2201-789: The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). On 25 July 1906, Bengal Technical Institute was founded by Society for the Promotion of Technical Education by at 92, Upper Circular Road. On 7 July 1910, the Society for the Promotion of Technical Education in Bengal was merged with the National Council of Education (NCE). The institute became College of Engineering and Technology, Bengal looked after by NCE. After Independence , on 24 December 1955, Jadavpur University

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2272-690: The Old English poem Beowulf used many abbreviations, for example the Tironian et ( ⁊ ) or & for and , and y for since , so that "not much space is wasted". The standardisation of English in the 15th through 17th centuries included a growth in the use of such abbreviations. At first, abbreviations were sometimes represented with various suspension signs, not only periods. For example, sequences like ⟨er⟩ were replaced with ⟨ɔ⟩ , as in mastɔ for master and exacɔbate for exacerbate . While this may seem trivial, it

2343-583: The University of Washington . Sorcar started his professional career as an engineer at Howard W. Butterweck and Company, an electrical consulting engineering firm in Denver, Colorado. After two years, he became a partner, and the firm changed its name to Butterweck-Sorcar Engineering, which later became Sorcar Engineering. Over the course of 40 years under Sorcar's leadership, the company flourished, and completed numerous multimillion-dollar projects, including

2414-479: The " List of top 2% global scientists " published by the Stanford University , Jadavpur University has 42 scientists in the list. This is the highest from any university or institute of India. Two professors from Jadavpur University were involved in a soft-landing project named " RESPOND " for a planetary mission sponsored by Indian Space Research Organisation . Jadavpur University also contributes to

2485-459: The 1990s led to a marked rise in colloquial abbreviation. This was due largely to increasing popularity of textual communication services such as instant and text messaging. The original SMS supported message lengths of 160 characters at most (using the GSM 03.38 character set), for instance. This brevity gave rise to an informal abbreviation scheme sometimes called Textese , with which 10% or more of

2556-661: The 20th century. The contractions in Newspeak are supposed to have a political function by virtue of their abbreviated structure itself: nice sounding and easily pronounceable, their purpose is to mask all ideological content from the speaker. A more recent syllabic abbreviation has emerged with the disease COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (itself frequently abbreviated to SARS-CoV-2 , partly an initialism). In Albanian, syllabic acronyms are sometimes used for composing

2627-747: The Gold Plaque at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1990 and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1991, and The Sage and the Mouse won the Gold Medal at the International Film Festival of New York in 1993. Other animated films he created include The Woodcutter’s Daughter , which was a finalist at the International Film Festival of New York ; Sniff ( Gandha Bichar ), which received

2698-1006: The Golden Eagle from CINE ; and The Rule of Twenty-One , which won the Bronze Plaque at the Columbus International Film Festival . Starting in 1999, he began to create new forms of animation using lasers as a medium. His Calcutta Forever: A Laser Fantasy was recorded as the first laser-documentary screened inside a movie theater. In 2000, he received the Excellence in Art Plaque from the National Federation of Indian American Associations in New Jersey, for his laser shows Dancing with My Soul and India Forever . Hosted by

2769-503: The IIPC generated a revenue of Rs 13.5 crores. Up to 2023, the IIPC has worked with around 161 leading industries or organisations. They include organisations like Tata Steel , RITES , Airport Authority of India , Kolkata Port Trust , Bajaj Electricals , L&T , KMC and KMDA , Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd., CPCB , CESC etc. The rankings of Jadavpur University by various National and International organisations are as follows: In 2014

2840-660: The Indian Consulate General of San Francisco for India's 61st Republic Day celebration on 26 January 2010, his laser documentary Our Republic's Birth , which captured India's history starting from 3300 BCE to its independence from the British and proclamation as a Republic Dominion was shown at the historic Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco , California . In 2012, he produced Swamiji , an hour-long laser documentary on Swami Vivekananda , which

2911-471: The Lalbazar Police HQ for questioning at 4 pm on Friday. They were arrested at 6 pm. "The arrests were made after evidence was found, prima facie, against the duo. Further investigation is on," said joint CP-crime Pallab Kanti Ghosh. Mr Ghosh also stated, "(Two names) were arrested because we had enough evidence to prove that they were present at the spot and had carried out the crime as alleged in

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2982-768: The US Navy, as they increase readability amidst the large number of initialisms that would otherwise have to fit into the same acronyms. Hence DESRON 6 is used (in the full capital form) to mean "Destroyer Squadron 6", while COMNAVAIRLANT would be "Commander, Naval Air Force (in the) Atlantic". Syllabic abbreviations are a prominent feature of Newspeak , the fictional language of George Orwell 's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four . The political contractions of Newspeak— Ingsoc (English Socialism), Minitrue (Ministry of Truth), Miniplenty ( Ministry of Plenty )—are described by Orwell as similar to real examples of German ( see below ) and Russian ( see below ) contractions in

3053-542: The University Library has access to around 11000 Journals.The library subscribes to 30 databases which include Scopus, Econlit etc. and also about 10000+ E-books (as of 2018). The Salt Lake campus has a library with 65,00 sq. ft. of space. They also feature a scholarly journal in collaboration with Sage Publications known as the Jadavpur Journal of International Relations . In the 2022 edition of

3124-419: The Vice Chancellor make a statement on the status of a fair probe. Police were summoned, and later that night the police allegedly attacked and beat the student demonstrators. 30 to 40 students were injured; some had to be hospitalized. Reaction was nationwide, with supportive protests at multiple other cities including New Delhi , Hyderabad and Bangalore . On 20 September, Governor Keshari Nath Tripathi , who

3195-460: The apostrophe can be dispensed with if the items are set in italics or quotes: In Latin, and continuing to the derivative forms in European languages as well as English, single-letter abbreviations had the plural being a doubling of the letter for note-taking. Most of these deal with writing and publishing. A few longer abbreviations use this as well. Publications based in the U.S. tend to follow

3266-541: The campus namely Construction Engineering, Instrumentation Engineering, Printing Engineering, Information Technology and Power Engineering. The Eastern Regional Offices of the UGC and the Inter-University Consortium for Atomic Energy are also located on this campus. Jadavpur University Campus Ground is located in this campus. On 1 January 2009, Jadavpur University took over National Instruments Limited,

3337-929: The first year students. The University hosted a HULT event. IIC participated in Bengal Global Business Summit (BGBS) 2022, Smart India Hackathon (SIH) 2022. Three alumni members from JU has successfully established their startups by enlisting in startup MSME venture. Four Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) have been signed with companies like Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers , Haldia Petrochemicals Limited, MCPI Private Limited and Nexgen Plasma Private Limited for student internships. Jadavpur University organised SERB-INAE Hackathon 2022 , in which nearly 100 students from all over India participated. The University also has an Industry-Institute Partnership Cell (IIPC) in which consultancy and testing services are provided to industry, service sectors and other public or private organizations. During 2022-2023,

3408-428: The former Oftel (Office of Telecommunications) use this style. New York City has various neighborhoods named by syllabic abbreviation, such as Tribeca (Triangle below Canal Street) and SoHo (South of Houston Street). This usage has spread into other American cities, giving SoMa , San Francisco (South of Market) and LoDo, Denver (Lower Downtown), amongst others. Chicago -based electric service provider ComEd

3479-456: The globally popular term OK generally credited as a remnant of its influence. Over the years, however, the lack of convention in some style guides has made it difficult to determine which two-word abbreviations should be abbreviated with periods and which should not. This question is considered below. Widespread use of electronic communication through mobile phones and the Internet during

3550-487: The period is usually included regardless of whether or not it is a contraction, e.g. Dr. or Mrs. . In some cases, periods are optional, as in either US or U.S. for United States , EU or E.U. for European Union , and UN or U.N. for United Nations . There are some house styles, however—American ones included—that remove the periods from almost all abbreviations. For example: Acronyms that were originally capitalized (with or without periods) but have since entered

3621-628: The preparation of NATCOM (National Communication) for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A joint open energy modelling project was initiated by GCP-JU in collaboration with Indian Institute of Science (Bengaluru), and the Environmental Defense Fund (US). Since 2020, they are also collectively developing a comprehensive energy model and evaluate alternative decarbonization strategies and pathways for future India. Some major research ventures undertaken by School of Environmental Studies are highlighting

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3692-441: The presence of arsenic in groundwater in countries like India and Bangladesh and the development of the first alcohol based car by the School of Automobile Engineering. Jadavpur University’s Innovation Council (IIC) was established in 2018 to promote innovations and startups in the campus. IIC arranges awareness programmes, seminars and workshops on innovation and entrepreneurship and organises visits to industries and start-ups for

3763-835: The same lines, the Swiss Federal Railways' Transit Police—the Transportpolizei —are abbreviated as the TraPo . With the National Socialist German Workers' Party gaining power came a frenzy of government reorganisation, and with it a series of entirely new syllabic abbreviations. The single national police force amalgamated from the Schutzpolizeien of the various states became the OrPo ( Ordnungspolizei , "order police");

3834-460: The satellite launch vehicle programme of ISRO and LCA programme of DRDO. Nature Index ranked Jadavpur University in 1st among universities and 19th among all Indian institutes in the field of Physical Science taking into account publications in 82-select high-quality science journals (2020-2021). Jadavpur University's High Energy Physics Group, Nuclear & Particle Physics Research Centre which comes under Department of Physics has been awarded

3905-401: The secret police) and VoPo for Volkspolizei . The phrase politisches Büro , which may be rendered literally as "office of politics" or idiomatically as "political party steering committee", became Politbüro . Syllabic abbreviations are not only used in politics, however. Many business names, trademarks, and service marks from across Germany are created on the same pattern: for

3976-536: The stage lighting. He chose not to pursue magic as a career as he was more interested in lighting and art, in which he also saw forms of magic. After receiving his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering (first class) from the Indian Institute of Technology, BHU , he wanted to see more of the world and came to the United States to pursue higher education in lighting technology and to practice art. He earned his master's degree in electrical engineering from

4047-556: The state KriPos together formed the "SiPo" ( Sicherheitspolizei , "security police"); and there was also the Gestapo ( Geheime Staatspolizei , "secret state police"). The new order of the German Democratic Republic in the east brought about a conscious denazification , but also a repudiation of earlier turns of phrase in favour of neologisms such as Stasi for Staatssicherheit ("state security",

4118-516: The status of “Associate Membership” of ALICE – INDIA Collaboration and CERN ( European Council for Nuclear Research ) - ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) Collaboration and received a grant of Rs. 1.115 crores. The Global Change Programme at Jadavpur University (GCP-JU) is active at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) . It has also worked with Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change towards

4189-538: The student happened to be a minor, the incident was also taken up by the West Bengal Commission for Protection of Child Rights (WBCPCR). Amidst the investigation, Jadavpur University students protested against ragging. Abbreviation An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word with a trailing period. For example: etcetera is usually abbreviated etc. and abbreviation is sometimes abbreviated abbr. , abbrv. , or abbrev. . But sometimes

4260-546: The style guides of The Chicago Manual of Style and the Associated Press . The U.S. government follows a style guide published by the U.S. Government Printing Office . The National Institute of Standards and Technology sets the style for abbreviations of units. Many British publications follow some of these guidelines in abbreviation: Writers often use shorthand to denote units of measure. Such shorthand can be an abbreviation, such as "in" for " inch " or can be

4331-469: The trailing period is not used for such shortened forms. A contraction is an abbreviation formed by replacing letters with an apostrophe. Examples include I'm for I am and li'l for little . An initialism or acronym is an abbreviation consisting of the initial letter of a sequence of words without other punctuation. For example, FBI ( /ˌɛf.biːˈaɪ/ ), USA ( /ˌjuː.ɛsˈeɪ/ ), IBM ( /ˌaɪ.biːˈɛm/ ), BBC ( /ˌbiː.biːˈsiː/ ). When initialism

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4402-482: The victim's complaint." The duo were booked under Sections of 354 (assault or use of criminal force on a woman with the intent to outrage her modesty), 342 (wrongful confinement), 323 (voluntarily causing hurt) and 114 (abettor present when offence is committed) of the IPC. JU got embroiled in controversy on 4 July 2018, when the executive council announced its decision to scrap entrance tests for six humanities subjects which

4473-453: The vocabulary as generic words are no longer written with capital letters nor with any periods. Examples are sonar , radar , lidar , laser , snafu , and scuba . When an abbreviation appears at the end of a sentence, only one period is used: The capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. In the past, some initialisms were styled with a period after each letter and a space between each pair. For example, U. S. , but today this

4544-464: The words in a typical SMS message are abbreviated. More recently Twitter, a popular social networking service , began driving abbreviation use with 140 character message limits. In HTML , abbreviations can be annotated using < abbr title = "Meaning of the abbreviation." > abbreviation </ abbr > to reveal its meaning by hovering the cursor . In modern English, there are multiple conventions for abbreviation, and there

4615-608: Was bestowed with the Special Achievement Award for Cultural Enlightenment from the International Laser Display Association for exceptional merit in using laser display to celebrate India's heritage, and to prepare the next generation by introducing a course on laser art and animation and establishing the Manick Sorcar Laser Animation Laboratory at Jadavpur University . On 24 May 2014, at New Delhi , India, he received

4686-581: Was in 2008, for the laser photography of his laser-art Reflection , which won First Place for laser photography at the 2007 ILDA award contest. His third win was for the innovative application of lasers in his production Light Art in Shower Ocean , which won first place at the 2015 ILDA contest. His 2017 laser animation, Beautiful Mess , won an Award of Merit at the Accolade Global Film Competition. Sorcar has received

4757-794: Was met with protests from the Jadavpur University Teacher's Association and the student unions along with other academics and university students due speculations that state education ministry had influenced this decision. In August 2023, Swapnadeep Kundu, a 17 year old freshman student studying an Honours course in Bengali fell from the balcony of the second floor of the Jadavpur University Hostel - either by suicide or by murder - after intense ragging. The Kolkata Police arrested several students and alumni who were suspected to have been involved. The incident left

4828-597: Was officially established by the Government of West Bengal with the concurrence of the Government of India. Jadavpur University has its main campus located at Jadavpur on 60 Acres area. The campus contains major engineering, arts and science departments. The main campus have 7 auditoriums: H.L. Roy Auditorium, Triguna Sen Auditorium, K.P. Basu Memorial Hall, Vivekananda Hall, Anita Banerjee Memorial Hall and Gandhi Bhavan. The campus also has an Open Air Theatre with

4899-452: Was praised by the critics, Ramakrishna Missions and Vedanta Societies around the world for its accurate depiction of Swami Vivekananda's life. The Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math, Howrah, India said "It was as if he was painting the events of Swamiji's life with a paintbrush before our eyes. It was fascinating." about the show which took place on 31 January 2014 at Belur Math campus, attended by 15,000 people. Sorcar

4970-478: Was symptomatic of an attempt by people manually reproducing academic texts to reduce the copy time. Mastɔ subwardenɔ y ɔmēde me to you. And wherɔ y wrot to you the last wyke that y trouyde itt good to differrɔ thelectionɔ ovɔ to quīdenaɔ tinitatis y have be thougħt me synɔ that itt woll be thenɔ a bowte mydsomɔ. In the Early Modern English period, between the 15th and 17th centuries, the thorn Þ

5041-451: Was used for th , as in Þ ('the'). In modern times, ⟨Þ⟩ was often used (in the form ⟨y⟩ ) for promotional reasons, as in Y Olde Tea Shoppe . During the growth of philological linguistic theory in academic Britain, abbreviating became very fashionable. Likewise, a century earlier in Boston , a fad of abbreviation started that swept the United States, with

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