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30-523: Benipatti has a versatile culture. Majority of people living here, speak Maithili . People traditionally wear dhoti , gamcha and saree . Madhubani painting is very famous here. Local cuisine includes thekua , litti , and other sweets. Durga Puja , Chhath Puja and Holi are popular festivals celebrated here. Benipatti is situated near to the Himalayas and the Indo-Nepal frontier. Benipatti

60-643: A dialect of a Bengali . Hoernlé initially treated it as a dialect of Eastern Hindi , but after comparing it with the Gaudian languages, recognised that it shows more similarities with the Bengali language than with Hindi . Grierson recognised it as a distinct language, grouped under ' Bihari ' and published its first grammar in 1881. Chatterji grouped Maithili with the Magadhi Prakrit . Maithili varies greatly in dialects. The name Maithili

90-554: A great Military Scholar Kameshvar Jha, a Maithil Brahmin of the Oinwar dynasty . But the disturbed era did not produce any literature in Maithili until Vidyapati Thakur (1360 to 1450), who was an epoch-making poet under the patronage of king Shiva Singh and his queen Lakhima Devi. He produced over 1,000 immortal songs in Maithili on the theme of love of Radha and Krishna and the domestic life of Shiva and Parvati as well as on

120-628: A hub of the bordering regions of Bihar. The main occupations are farming and business. Benipatti is connected by road to the state capital Patna , and also to bordering towns of Nepal. Rail network is not directly available from the town, with the nearest railway station in Madhubani, 25 km away. The nearest airport is Darbhanga Airport approx 35 km away. Government/Tagged Institutions Private Institutions Maithili language Maithili ( / ˈ m aɪ t ɪ l i / MY -til-ee , Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː] )

150-773: A nasal consonant. Word finally and postvocalically, /ɖʱ/ surfaces as [ɽʱ~rʱ] . Non-initially, both are interchangeable with [ɽ~ɾ] and [ɽʱ~rʱ] respectively. /s/ and /ɦ/ are most common fricatives. They show full phonological opposition. [ɕ] , which is present in tatsama words, is replaced by /s/ most of the times, when independent, and prevocalic [ʂ] is replaced by /kʰ/ , [x] or /s/ . [ɕ] occurs before /tɕ/ and [ʂ] before /ʈ/ . [x] and [f] occurs in Perso-Arabic loanwords, generally replaced by /kʰ/ and /pʰ/ respectively. [x] and [ɸ] also occurs in Sanskrit words ( jihvamuliya and upadhmaniya ), which

180-551: Is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal . It is native to the Mithila region , which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as the Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . It is the second most commonly spoken language of Nepal. It is also one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal . The language

210-455: Is close to the Bagmati river , and has many small rivers, canals and ponds, which make a diversified aquatic ecosystem . It is a flood prone region, receiving an annual rainfall of about 1270mm. The territory has vast cultivated fields , and moderately dense vegetation . Palm trees grow in large numbers in the region. The current administrative officers of Benipatti are: Benipatti is

240-462: Is derived from the word Mithila , an ancient kingdom of which King Janaka was the ruler (see Ramayana ). Maithili is also one of the names of Sita , the wife of King Rama and daughter of King Janaka . Scholars in Mithila used Sanskrit for their literary work and Maithili was the language of the common folk ( Abahattha ). The beginning of Maithili language and literature can be traced back to

270-517: Is followed by a homorganic stop always. It is the only nasal which does not occur independently. There are four non-syllabic vowels in Maithili- i̯, u̯, e̯, o̯ written in Devanagari as य़, व़, य़ॆ, व़ॊ. Most of the times, these are written without nukta. An example declension: ən, ənɪ̆ ən, ənɪ̆ (Indefinite) ənʰɪ̆ ətəh ãːk ãː ən, ənɪ̆ The difference between adjectives and nouns

300-410: Is peculiar to Maithili. /m/ and /n/ are present in all phonological positions. /ŋ/ occurs only non-initially and is followed by a homorganic stop, which may be deleted if voiced, which leads to the independent presence of /ŋ/ . /ɳ/ occurs non-initially, followed by a homorganic stop, and is independent only in tatsama words, which is often replaced with /n/ . [ɲ] occurs only non-initially and

330-744: Is predominantly written in Devanagari , but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retained some use until today. In 2003, Maithili was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution as a recognised Indian language , which allows it to be used in education, government, and other official contexts in India. The Maithili language is included as an optional paper in the UPSC Exam. In March 2018, Maithili received

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360-479: Is recently taking place in Maithili by way of epenthesis , i.e. backward transposition of final /i/ and /u/ in all sort of words. Thus: Standard Colloquial - Common Pronunciation Maithili has four classes of stops , one class of affricate , which is generally treated as a stop series, related nasals , fricatives and approximant . There are four series of stops- bilabials , coronals , retroflex and velar , along with an affricate series. All of them show

390-407: Is very minute in Maithili. However, there are marked adjectives there in Maithili. Pronouns in Maithili are declined in similar way to nominals, though in most pronouns the genitive case has a different form. The lower forms below are accusative and postpositional. The plurals are formed periphrastically. अपना ɐpᵊnaː (Inclusive) अपना ɐpᵊnaː (Inclusive) Beginning in the 14th century, the language

420-531: The Maithil Brahmin and Karna Kayastha castes. Maithil Mahasabha campaigned for the official recognition of Maithili as a regional language. Calcutta University recognised Maithili in 1917, and other universities followed suit. Babu Bhola Lal Das wrote Maithili Grammar ( Maithili Vyakaran ). He edited a book Gadya Kusumanjali and edited a journal Maithili . In 1965, Maithili was officially accepted by Sahitya Academy , an organisation dedicated to

450-482: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights : Darbhanga division Darbhanga Division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India , and Darbhanga city is the administrative headquarters of the division. It is a part of historical Mithila region. The main language of the division is Maithili and Urdu included its dialects mostly spoken by Muslims . As of 2023 ,

480-593: The ' Charyapadas ', a form of Buddhist mystical verses, composed during the period of 700-1300 AD. These padas were written in Sandhya bhasa by several Siddhas who belonged to Vajrayana Buddhism and were scattered throughout the territory of Assam , Bengal , Bihar and Odisha . Several of the Siddhas were from the Mithila region such as Kanhapa, Sarhapa etc. Prominent scholars like Rahul Sankrityanan , Subhadra Jha and Jayakant Mishra provided evidence and proved that

510-581: The 14th century (around 1327 AD). Jyotirishwar Thakur (1280–1340) wrote a unique work Varnaratnākara in Maithili prose. The Varna Ratnākara is the earliest known prose text, written by Jyotirishwar Thakur in Mithilaksar script , and is the first prose work not only in Maithili but in any modern Indian language. In 1324, Ghyasuddin Tughluq, the emperor of Delhi invaded Mithila, defeated Harisimhadeva , entrusted Mithila to his family priest and

540-644: The courts of the nobles. Lochana (c. 1575 – c. 1660) wrote Rāgatarangni , a significant treatise on the science of music, describing the rāgas, tālas, and lyrics prevalent in Mithila. During the Malla dynasty 's rule Maithili spread far and wide throughout Nepal from the 16th to the 17th century. During this period, at least seventy Maithili dramas were produced. In the drama Harishchandranrityam by Siddhinarayanadeva (1620–57), some characters speak pure colloquial Maithili, while others speak Bengali , Sanskrit or Prakrit . One notable Malla King who patronised Maithili

570-415: The four way contrast like most of the modern Indo-Aryan languages : Apart from the retroflex series, all the rest four series show full phonological contrast in all positions. The retroflex tenius /ʈ/ and /ʈʰ/ show full contrast in all positions. /ɖ/ and /ɖʱ/ show phonological contrast mainly word-initially. Both are defective phonemes, occurring intervocalically and word finally only if preceded by

600-409: The language of Charyapada is ancient Maithili or proto Maithili. Apart from Charyapadas, there has been a rich tradition of folk culture, folk songs and which were popular among the common folks of the Mithila region. After the fall of Pala rule, disappearance of Buddhism , establishment of Karnāta kings and patronage of Maithili under Harisimhadeva (1226–1324) of Karnāta dynasty dates back to

630-942: The occasion of the Constitution Day , Maithili version of the Indian constitution was launched by the President of India Droupadi Murmu . In India, it is mainly spoken in Darbhanga , Tirhut , Kosi , Purnia , Bhagalpur and Munger divisions of Bihar & in Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand . In Nepal, Maithili is spoken in Madhesh Province and Koshi Province . Darbhanga , Madhubani , Saharsa , Purnia & Janakpur constitutes important cultural and linguistic centers of Maithili language. In 1870s, Beames considered Maithili

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660-463: The other two, and has since remained the dominant script for Maithili. Tirhuta retained some specific uses (on signage in north Bihar as well as in religious texts, genealogical records and letters), and has seen a resurgence of interest in the 21st century. The Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts are both currently included in Unicode. The following sample text is Maithili translation of Article 1 of

690-588: The promotion of Indian literature . In 2002, Maithili was recognised on the VIII schedule of the Indian Constitution as a major Indian language; Maithili is now one of the twenty-two Scheduled languages of India . The publishing of Maithili books in Mithilakshar script was started by Acharya Ramlochan Saran . The following diphthongs are present: A peculiar type of phonetic change

720-503: The pseudonym Bhanusimha . Vidyapati influenced the religious literature of Asama , Bengal , Utkala and gave birth to a new Brajabuli / Brajavali language. The earliest reference to Maithili or Tirhutiya is in Amaduzzi's preface to Beligatti's Alphabetum Brammhanicum , published in 1771. This contains a list of Indian languages among which is 'Tourutiana.' Colebrooke's essay on the Sanskrit and Prakrit languages, written in 1801,

750-750: The second official language status in the Indian state of Jharkhand . Gopal Jee Thakur of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the first Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha who speaks in the Maithili language in the Parliament of India . He is currently the MP for Darbhanga . The Nepalese Languages Commission has made Maithili an official Nepalese language used for administration in Koshi province and Madhesh Province . On 26 November 2024, during

780-486: The subject of suffering of migrant labourers of Morang and their families; besides, he wrote a number of treaties in Sanskrit . His love-songs spread far and wide in no time and enchanted saints , poets and youth . Chaitanya Mahaprabhu saw the divine light of love behind these songs, and soon these songs became themes of Vaisnava sect of Bengal . Rabindranath Tagore , out of curiosity, imitated these songs under

810-526: Was Bhupatindra Malla who composed 26 plays in the Maithili language during his lifetime. After the demise of Maheshwar Singh, the ruler of Darbhanga Raj , in 1860, the Raj was taken over by the British Government as regent. The Darbhanga Raj returned to his successor, Maharaj Lakshmishvar Singh , in 1898. The Zamindari Raj had a lackadaisical approach toward Maithili. The use of Maithili language

840-405: Was revived through personal efforts of MM Parameshvar Mishra, Chanda Jha, Munshi Raghunandan Das and others. Publication of Maithil Hita Sadhana (1905), Mithila Moda (1906), and Mithila Mihir (1908) further encouraged writers. The first social organisation, Maithil Mahasabha, was established in 1910 for the development of Mithila and Maithili. It blocked its membership for people outside of

870-416: Was the first to describe Maithili as a distinct dialect. Many devotional songs were written by Vaisnava saints, including in the mid-17th century, Vidyapati and Govindadas. Mapati Upadhyaya wrote a drama titled Pārijātaharaṇa in Maithili. Professional troupes, mostly from dalit classes known as Kirtanias , the singers of bhajan or devotional songs, started to perform this drama in public gatherings and

900-600: Was written in the Tirhuta script (also known as Mithilakshara or Maithili), which is related to the Bengali-Assamese script . By the early 20th century, this script was largely associated with the Mithila Brahmans, with most others using Kaithi , and Devanagari spreading under the influence of the scholars at Banaras . Throughout the course of the century, Devanagari grew in use eventually replacing

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