Berlin is divided into boroughs or districts ( Bezirke ) for administration. The boroughs are further divided into neighborhoods ( Ortsteile ) which are officially recognised but have no administrative bodies of their own. Neighborhoods typically have strong identities that sometimes pre-date their inclusion into the modern boundaries of Berlin. These function differently to other subdivisions in Germany because of the dual status of Berlin as both a city and a federated state of Germany in its own right.
37-564: Buch ( German: [ˈbuːx] ) is a German locality ( Ortsteil ) within the Berlin borough ( Bezirk ) of Pankow . Situated on the Panke river, it is the city's northernmost quarter, chiefly known for its historic village centre and extended hospital premises. The settlement area is located on the Barnim Plateau stretching in the northeast of the Berlin city centre up to
74-517: A mural crown : 3 towers in red bricks with the coat of arms of Berlin in the middle. Most of the coats of arms of current boroughs have changed some elements in their field : Some of them have created a "fusion" of themes of the merged Bezirke (Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Lichtenberg, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg); others have modified their themes taken from one of the two (or more) former merged boroughs (Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Mitte and Treptow-Köpenick). Only
111-627: A council of mayors ( Rat der Bürgermeister ) led by the city's governing mayor, which advises the Berlin Senate. Each borough is made up of several officially recognized subdistricts or neighborhoods ( Ortsteile in German, sometimes called quarters in English). The number of neighborhoods that form a borough varies considerably, ranging from two ( Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg ) to fifteen ( Treptow-Köpenick ). These neighborhoods typically have
148-449: A fifth, Fünf Schlösser . Fontane noted the earlier work of Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl , Naturgeschichte des Volkes (1851–1869), which also presents the German land and people as fundamentally linked; and acknowledged a debt to the procedure he laid out there: preparation through study, walking in the area and talking to the residents, keeping a diary, and including anecdotes about the journey. Fontane hoped to make readers aware of
185-759: A former city or municipality; others, such as Kreuzberg and Prenzlauer Berg , were named for geographic features. Minor changes to borough boundaries were made in 1938. After World War II, Berlin was divided into four sectors, with the Western sectors controlled by the United States, Britain, and France, and the Eastern sector controlled by the Soviet Union. In 1961, the SED built the Berlin Wall to divide
222-404: A full-time borough council ( Bezirksamt ), consisting of five councilors ( Bezirksstadträte ) and headed by a borough mayor ( Bezirksbürgermeister ). The BVV assembly is directly elected by the borough's population and therefore acts as a borough parliament , though it is officially part of the executive . It elects the members of the borough council, checks its daily administration, and
259-494: A historical identity as former independent cities, villages, or rural municipalities that were united in 1920 as part of the Greater Berlin Act , forming the basis for the present-day city and state. The neighborhoods do not have their own governmental bodies but are recognized by the city and the boroughs for planning and statistical purposes. Berliners often identify more with the neighborhood where they live than with
296-409: A mixture of styles and content. Volume 1 begins as a general overview, but history and people increasingly predominate; there are sections on the history of art and architecture and extended narratives of family and local history as well as descriptions of the landscape and accounts of significant events. One scholar, Werner Lincke, has divided the work into four main stylistic segments: the feuilleton ,
333-599: A process of rapid transformation, as the city worked to rebuild and modernize its infrastructure and economy. Many new businesses and cultural institutions were established, and the city became a center of creativity and innovation. By 2000, Berlin comprised twenty-three boroughs, as three new boroughs had been created in East Berlin . Today Berlin is divided into twelve boroughs ( Bezirke ), reduced from twenty-three boroughs before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. An administrative reform in 2001 merged all but three of
370-576: A recovery of the local economy. Then held by the Voss noble family, the fate of Julie von Voss (1766–1789), lady-in-waiting and spouse of King Frederick William II of Prussia , was perpetuated in the Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg by Theodor Fontane . In 1815 Buch was incorporated into the newly established Prussian Province of Brandenburg . The station on the Berlin–Stettin railway line
407-675: Is Köpenick (34.9 km or 13.5 sq mi), the smallest one is Hansaviertel (53 ha or 130 acres). The most populated is Neukölln (154,127 inhabitants in 2009), the least populated is Malchow (450 inhabitants in 2008). Note that the coats of arms shown for localities in the tables below are historical and no longer in official use, having lost their validity upon incorporation into Greater Berlin or new districts. Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg ("Ramblings through Brandenburg", "Rambles in Brandenburg" or "Walks through
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#1732790562260444-513: Is a single municipality ( Einheitsgemeinde ), its districts have limited power, acting only as agencies of Berlin's state and city governments as laid out in the Greater Berlin Act of 1920 . The districts are financially dependent on state donations, as they neither possess any taxation power nor own any property. This is contrast to municipalities and counties in other German states, which are territorial corporations ( Gebietskörperschaften ) with autonomous functions and property. Each district
481-600: Is able to make applications and recommendations. The twelve borough mayors regularly meet in the Council of Mayors ( Rat der Bürgermeister ), led by the city's Governing Mayor ; the council answers to and advises the Senate. The localities have no local government bodies, and the administrative duties of the former locality representative, the Ortsvorsteher , were taken over by the borough mayors. People who live in
518-498: Is administered by a representatives' assembly ( Bezirksverordnetenversammlung ), directly elected by proportional representation, and a district board ( Bezirksamt ) led by a district mayor ( Bezirksbürgermeister ), elected by the assembly representatives. The district board is in charge of most administrative matters affecting its residents, but its decisions can be revoked by the Berlin Senate . The district mayors form
555-427: Is that of a unified municipality ( Einheitsgemeinde ). The power of the borough governments is limited and their performance of assigned tasks is subject to regulatory supervision by the Senate. Nevertheless, the twelve self-governing boroughs have constitutional status and are themselves subdivided into two administrative bodies: each is governed by the borough assembly ( Bezirksverordnetenversammlung , BVV) and
592-738: The Aktion T4 "euthanasia" program. From 1949 to 1990 Buch was part of East Berlin . The locality is served by the urban rail line S2 , part of the S-Bahn , at the station of Buch . It is also traversed, at its southern borders, by the Berliner beltway ( A10 , known as " Berliner Ring "). Nearest exit to Buch is the n.36, " Berlin-Weißensee ". Boroughs and localities of Berlin Since 2001, Berlin has been made up of twelve districts, each with its own administrative body. However because Berlin
629-614: The March of Brandenburg ") is a five-volume travelogue by the German writer Theodor Fontane , originally published in 1862–1889. It is his longest work and forms a bridge between his early career as a poet and his later novels. It covers the history, architecture, and people of the region as well as its landscape, and influenced the German Youth Movement of the early twentieth century. In his preface, Fontane wrote that
666-798: The Oder–Havel Canal and the Oderbruch delta. Berlin's northernmost point is at the Rieselfelder meadows, a former sewage farm transformed into a rural area, part of the Buch Forest within the Barnim Nature Park . The landscape is marked by hill chains , sandurs and small lakes such as the Bogensee. Along its border with the state of Brandenburg , Buch is surrounded by the municipalities of Wandlitz and Panketal (with
703-409: The novella , the essay on art history, and the specialised treatise. He also urged travellers who followed in his footsteps to listen to the ordinary people of the region. Particularly in the informal recounting of events, with digressions and recording of dialect, the work prepared the way for his later work as a novelist. During Fontane's lifetime he was accused, particularly by Adolf Stahr in
740-681: The " Greater Berlin Act ". The hospital area from 1928 hosted the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research led by neurologists Oskar Vogt , Cécile Vogt-Mugnier and biologist Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky ; from 1931 it had its seat in a newly erected building designed by Carl Sattler . During the Nazi era, headed by Hugo Spatz and Julius Hallervorden from 1937/38, it played a vital role in eugenics and racist research, and also in
777-457: The beauty of Brandenburg, but also of its history in the context of Prussia , both because an awareness of history would be necessary for them to not neglect, for example, a plain-looking but significant castle or the uninteresting-looking site of the Battle of Fehrbellin , but also because he hoped to increase awareness of and affection for historical personages. Initially, he hoped to illuminate
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#1732790562260814-426: The borough that governs them. The neighborhoods are further subdivided into statistical tracts, which are mainly used for planning and statistical purposes. The statistical tracts correspond roughly but not exactly with neighborhoods recognized by residents. When Greater Berlin was established in 1920, the city was organized into twenty boroughs, most of which were named after their largest component neighborhood, often
851-592: The city, effectively separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany. Three new boroughs were created in East Berlin: Marzahn was split off from Lichtenberg in 1979, Hohenschönhausen from Weissensee in 1985, and Hellersdorf from Marzahn in 1986. In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, and the city was reunified. This marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of a new era in Berlin's history. After reunification, Berlin underwent
888-470: The civil parishes of Zepernick, Röntgental and Neu Buch), both in the district of Barnim . The Berlin localities bordering with Buch in the south are Blankenfelde , Französisch Buchholz and Karow . In Karow, a neighbourhood exists which is named Stadtrandsiedlung Buch . The quarter is centred around Berlin-Buch station on the Berlin–Szczecin railway line and the adjacent historic village centre in
925-567: The early 13th century onwards. The linear settlement around the village church and Buch manor, parallel to the Panke river with a watermill . The Slavic affix fell into disuse during the 16th century. Devastated during the Thirty Years' War , the Buch area was quickly redeveloped under the rule of the "Great Elector" Frederick William . The manor became am aristocratic estate, which about 1700
962-402: The east. An extended Plattenbau housing area stretches along the railway in the south; around the centre, several large hospital and sanatorium areas were laid out in the early 19th century, built according to plans designed by Ludwig Hoffmann , with retirement homes , psychiatric institutions , and a cemetery. Many of the premises have been converted to residential areas. The Barnim Plateau
999-412: The existing boroughs into the current 12 boroughs, as listed below. The three boroughs that were not affected were Spandau , Reinickendorf and Neukölln , as the population of each was already exceeding 200,000. All the coats of arms of Berliner boroughs (the current as of the ones in the period 1990 to 2001) have some common points: The shield has a Spanish form and the coronet is represented by
1036-554: The first tier of the so-called Hauptverwaltung (central administration). In the second tier, the boroughs enjoy a certain grade of autonomy—though in no way comparable to the German Landkreise districts or independent cities , nor even to the local government of a common municipality as a legal entity, as according to the Berlin Constitution the legal status of the city as a German state itself
1073-584: The former West Berlin tend to vote for the CDU and the SPD, While voters in the former East Berlin tend to vote for Linke and the AfD. As of 2012, the twelve boroughs are made up of a total of 97 officially recognized neighborhoods or localities ( Ortsteile ). Almost all of these are further subdivided into several other zones (defined in German as Ortslagen, Teile, Stadtviertel, Orte etc.). The largest Ortsteil
1110-475: The humanity of historic personages rather than writing only of battles and statecraft, and thereby to rouse readers to affection, even love; however, the army being central to Prussian history, by the time he wrote the foreword to the second edition of Volume 1, he had realised that the achievements of the Prussian army must be an ever-present part of the story. Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg presents
1147-467: The inspiration for Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg came on a visit to Loch Leven Castle in Scotland in 1858, when he remembered visiting Rheinsberg Palace , a similarly situated castle in Brandenburg, and realised the two were comparably memorable experiences; so he decided to share with the German readership the attractions of his native region. He began the trips through Brandenburg on which
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1184-418: The liberal National-Zeitung , of being overly sycophantic towards the Prussian nobility, in particular because of his conservative politics and employment with the conservative Kreuzzeitung , where he published many of the first sections in advance. Fontane strongly denied currying favour, stating that he was writing "out of pure love of the native soil". Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg influenced
1221-457: The unchanged boroughs of Neukölln, Reinickendorf and Spandau have not changed their field. The coat of arms of Pankow was created with a new design in 2008, having been the only district without an emblem for 7 years. The borough government is part of the two-tier administration of the Berlin city-state , whereby the Senate and its affiliated agencies, institutions, and municipal enterprises form
1258-641: The work is based in summer 1859, taking an informal and selective approach that he compared to "a walker picking individual ears of grain" as opposed to "someone taking a sickle to gather in the harvest". He wrote down his impressions and stories immediately or soon afterwards. By 1860, he estimated in a letter to Theodor Storm that the work might take him ten years and add up to twenty volumes; in actuality, interrupted by other writing, it took him thirty years, but there were originally only four volumes, Die Grafschaft Ruppin (1862), Das Oderland (1863), Das Havelland (1872) and Das Spreeland (1882). In 1889 he added
1295-603: Was already settled in the Mesolithic era. The village of Wendeschen Buk (" Wendish ", i.e. " Slavic Buch") was first mentioned in a 1342 deed; it is also documented as Buch slavica in the 1375 register of Emperor Chales IV . Probably founded by Sprevane tribes, Buch gradually became a German village during the Ostsiedlung migration, instigated by the Ascanian margraves John I and Otto III of Brandenburg from
1332-516: Was inaugurated on 26 June 1879. The manor estates were purchased from the Voss family by the City of Berlin in 1898, in order to lay out the Rieselfelder sewage area according to plans by James Hobrecht . At the same time, it became the site of several municipal hospitals designed by Ludwig Hoffmann and Martin Wagner . Buch remained a Brandenburg municipality until 1920, when it merged into Berlin with
1369-516: Was inherited by the later adventurer and writer Baron Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz (1692–1775). In the 18th century, the manor house and the church were rebuilt in a Baroque style. In the Seven Years' War , the premises were plundered by Russian troops under General Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben during his Raid on Berlin in 1760. After the war, King Frederick the Great promoted sericulture for
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