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44-754: The city is located on the right-bank of the Dnieper River across from Kakhovka on the opposite bank. Until the creation of the Kakhovka Reservoir , the city contained one of a historical crossing over the Dnieper. By the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of July 26, 2001, No. 878, Beryslav was included in the List of Historical Settlements of Ukraine as the oldest settlement in

88-552: A Viking voyage to eastern Europe. The River Dnieper has been a subject for artists, great and minor, over the centuries. Major artists with works based on the Dnieper are Arkhip Kuindzhi and Ivan Aivazovsky . The River Dnieper makes an appearance in the 1964 Hungarian drama film The Sons of the Stone-Hearted Man (based on the novel of the same name by Mór Jókai ), where it appears when two characters are leaving Saint Petersburg but get attacked by wolves. In 1983,

132-623: A number of alpine roads, concentrating around the capital city Bern and probably originating from the banks of the Rhône and Rhine . A small section, including Baarn , Barneveld , Amersfoort and Amerongen , connected the North Sea with the Lower Rhine . A small section led southwards from Antwerp and Bruges to the towns Braine-l'Alleud and Braine-le-Comte , both originally named "Brennia-Brenna". The route continued by following

176-801: Is Özü or Özi . The total length of the river is variously given as 2,145 kilometres (1,333 mi) or 2,201 km (1,368 mi), of which 485 km (301 mi) are within Russia, 700 km (430 mi) are within Belarus , and 1,095 km (680 mi) are within Ukraine . Its basin covers 504,000 square kilometres (195,000 sq mi), of which 289,000 km (112,000 sq mi) are within Ukraine, 118,360 km (45,700 sq mi) are within Belarus. The source of

220-505: Is / d ə ˈ n iː p r oʊ / . The Ukrainian name has a rare form Дніпр , Dnipr and rare dialectal Дніпер , Dniper . The Middle Ukrainian form attested in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries was Днѣпръ , Dnǐpr . The city of Dnipro is named for the river. The name varies slightly in the local Slavic languages of the three countries through which it flows: These names are all cognate, deriving from Old East Slavic Дънѣпръ ( Dŭněprŭ ). The origin of this name

264-593: Is also close to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station ( Chernobyl Exclusion Zone ) which is located next to the mouth of the Pripyat River . Almost 2,000 km (1,200 mi) of the river is navigable (to the city of Dorogobuzh ). The Dnieper is important for transportation in the economy of Ukraine . Its reservoirs have large ship locks, allowing vessels of up to 270 by 18 metres (886 ft × 59 ft) access as far as

308-622: Is disputed but generally derived from either Sarmatian * Dānu Apara ("Farther River") in parallel with the Dniester ("Nearer River") or from Scythian * Dānu Apr ("Deep River") in reference to its lack of fords , from which was also derived the Late Antique name of the river, Δάναπρις Danapris , as found in the Ravenna Cosmography . The earlier Graeco-Roman name of the river, as attested by Herodotus ,

352-639: Is due to the influence of the Old East Slavic epic The Tale of Igor's Campaign and its modern adaptations on Ukrainian literature. This usage also lent its name to the city of Slavutych , founded in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 to house displaced workers, and to the Slavutych station of the Kyiv Metro . In Crimean Tatar , the river is known as Özü . In Turkish it

396-573: Is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe , rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk , Russia , before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea . Approximately 2,200 km (1,400 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 504,000 square kilometres (195,000 sq mi), it is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth- longest river in Europe , after

440-644: Is similar to that of ivory, so it is possible that amber from Sicily reached the Iberian Peninsula through contacts with North Africa. After a decline in the consumption and trade of amber at the beginning of the Bronze Age , around 2000 BC, the influence of Baltic amber gradually took the place of Sicilian amber throughout the Iberian Peninsula from around 1000 BC. The new evidence comes from various archaeological and geological locations on

484-725: Is unparalleled among known second millennium BC sites in the Levant and the Ancient Near East . Amber was sent from the North Sea to the Temple of Apollo at Delphi as an offering. From the Black Sea , trade could continue to Asia along the Silk Road , another ancient trade route. In Roman times, a main route ran south from the Baltic coast (modern Lithuania ), the entire north–south length of modern-day Poland (likely through

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528-552: The Great Meadow . The first constructed was the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station (or DniproHES) near Zaporizhzhia , built between 1927 and 1932 with an output of 558 MW. It was destroyed during World War II , but was rebuilt in 1948 with an output of 750 MW. Major cities, over 100,000 in population, are in bold script. Cities and towns located on the Dnieper are listed in order from

572-635: The Iron Age settlement of Biskupin ), through the land of the Boii (modern Czech Republic and Slovakia ) to the head of the Adriatic Sea ( Aquileia by the modern Gulf of Venice ). Other commodities were exported to the Romans along with amber, such as animal fur and skin, honey, and wax, in exchange for Roman glass , brass , gold , and non-ferrous metals such as tin and copper imported into

616-564: The Kitan/Liao Period . There is a tourist route stretching along the Baltic coast from Kaliningrad to Latvia called "Amber Road". "Amber Road" sites are: In Poland, the north–south motorway A1 is officially named Amber Highway. EV9 The Amber Route is a long-distance cycling route between Gdańsk , Poland and Pula , Croatia which follows the course of the Amber Road. The modern Baltic–Adriatic Corridor connects

660-689: The Meuse towards Bern in Switzerland. Routes connected amber finding locations at Ambares (near Bordeaux ), leading to Béarn and the Pyrenees . Routes connecting the amber finding locations in northern Spain and in the Pyrenees were a trading route to the Mediterranean Sea. Sources of archaeological finds suggest that routes may also have connected Mongolia to eastern Europe during

704-551: The Pripyat River to the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station , there are six sets of dams and hydroelectric stations , which produce 10% of Ukraine's electricity. The Kakhovka dam was destroyed on 6 June 2023 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , with the subsequent drying up of the Kakhovka Reservoir revealing the original course of the river in the area and disconnecting four canal networks known as

748-458: The Pripyat River , a tributary of the Dnieper, just upstream from its confluence with the Dnieper. The Dnieper is an important navigable waterway for the economy of Ukraine and is connected by the Dnieper–Bug Canal to other waterways in Europe. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , certain segments of the river were made part of the defensive lines between territory controlled by

792-634: The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 , Beryslav was one of many settlements occupied by the Russians, but was recaptured by the Ukrainian military during the southern counteroffensive on 11 November. Ethnic makeup of the town according to the 2001 Ukrainian census : Native language according to the 2001 Ukrainian census : Dnieper The Dnieper ( /( d ə ) ˈ n iː p ər / (də)- NEE -pər ), also called Dnepr or Dnipro ( / d ə ˈ n iː p r oʊ / də- NEE -proh ),

836-755: The Volga , Danube , and Ural rivers. In antiquity, the river was part of the Amber Road trade routes. During the Ruin in the later 17th century, the area was contested between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia , dividing what is now Ukraine into areas described by its right and left banks. During the Soviet period , the river became noted for its major hydroelectric dams and large reservoirs. The 1986 Chernobyl disaster occurred on

880-734: The Amber Road to the south of the Danube, noted in the myth about the Argonauts , used the rivers Sava and Kupa , ending with a short continental road from Nauportus to Tarsatica in Rijeka on the coast of the Adriatic. Several roads connected the North Sea and Baltic Sea, especially the city of Hamburg to the Brenner Pass , proceeding southwards to Brindisi (nowadays Italy) and Ambracia (nowadays Greece). The Swiss region indicates

924-625: The Baltic coastline (nowadays Lithuania and Poland ), through Biskupin, Milicz , Wrocław , the Kłodzko Valley (less often through the Moravian Gate ), crossed the Danube near Carnuntum in the Noricum province , headed southwest past Poetovio , Celeia , Emona , Nauportus , and reached Patavium and Aquileia at the Adriatic coast. One of the oldest directions of the last stage of

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968-711: The Dnieper is the sedge bogs (Akseninsky Mokh) of the Valdai Hills in central Russia, at an elevation of 220 m (720 ft). For 115 km (71 mi) of its length, it serves as the border between Belarus and Ukraine. Its estuary, or liman , used to be defended by the strong fortress of Ochakiv . The southernmost point in Belarus is on the Dnieper to the south of Kamaryn in Brahin Raion . The Dnieper has many tributaries (up to 32,000) with 89 being rivers of 100+ km. The main ones are, from its source to its mouth , with left (L) or right (R) bank indicated: Many small direct tributaries also exist, such as, in

1012-590: The Dnieper" to the words of Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky . Amber Road The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber from coastal areas of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea . Prehistoric trade routes between Northern and Southern Europe were defined by the amber trade. As an important commodity, sometimes dubbed "the gold of the north", amber

1056-608: The Iberian Peninsula. From at least the 16th century BC, amber was moved from Northern Europe to the Mediterranean area. The breast ornament of the Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamen ( c.  1333–1324 BC) contains large Baltic amber beads. Schliemann found Baltic amber beads at Mycenae, as shown by spectroscopic investigation. The quantity of amber in the Royal Tomb of Qatna , Syria,

1100-759: The Kherson region. One of the oldest settlements in the Kherson Oblast, in the late 14th century Beryslav was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . Grand Duke Vytautas built a castle here. It served as a Lithuanian customs point, as the lower Dnieper formed the Lithuanian border. Later on it was known as the Turkish fortress of Kizikermen or Kazikermen (Gazikermen). Kazikermen and Islamkermen and Sahinkermen nearby were primary fortifications in

1144-761: The Kyiv area, the Syrets (right bank) in the north of the city, the historically significant Lybid (right bank) passing west of the centre, and the Borshahivka (right bank) to the south. The water resources of the Dnieper basin compose around 80% of the total for all Ukraine. The Dnieper Rapids were part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks , first mentioned in the Kyiv Chronicle. The route

1188-728: The Military Band of the Headquarters of the Kiev Military District led by A. Kuzmenko, singers Anatoliy Mokrenko , Lyudmila Zykina , Anatoliy Solovianenko , Dmytro Hnatyuk , Mykola Hnatyuk . Filming on the battlefield, streets and squares of Kiev. Scriptwriter – Victor Meerovsky. Directed by Victor Cherkasov. Operator – Alexander Platonov. The 2018 film Volcano was filmed at the river in Beryslav , Kherson Oblast . In 1941, Mark Fradkin wrote "Song of

1232-668: The Russians and the Ukrainians. The river is also sometimes called by the Russian name Dnepr . The initial D in Dnieper is generally silent when pronounced in English, although it may be sounded: / ˈ n iː p ər / or / d ə ˈ n iː p ər / . It derives from Russian : Днепр , romanized :  Dnepr , pre-revolutionary spelling Днѣпръ , Dněpr . Dnipro derives from Ukrainian : Дніпро , romanized :  Dnipro . The English pronunciation

1276-466: The Western European waterways was possible, but a weir without any ship lock near the town of Brest, Belarus , has interrupted this international waterway. Poor political relations between Western Europe and Belarus mean there is little likelihood of reopening this waterway in the near future. River navigation is interrupted each year by freezing and severe winter storms. From the mouth of

1320-554: The concert program "Song of the Dnieper" from the "Victory Salute" series was released, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the liberation of the city of Kiev from the German fascist invaders. The program includes songs by Soviet composers, Ukrainian folk songs , and dances performed by the Song and Dance Ensemble of the Kiev Military District led by A. Pustovalov, P. Virsky Ukrainian National Folk Dance Ensemble , Kyiv Bandurist Capella ,

1364-466: The early Baltic region. As this road was a lucrative trade route connecting the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, Roman military fortifications were constructed along the route to protect merchants and traders from Germanic raids. The Old Prussian towns of Kaup and Truso on the Baltic were the starting points of the route to the south. In Scandinavia the amber road probably gave rise to

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1408-578: The lower Dnieper area starting in the 15th century. According to legend, chains were stretched across the Dnieper between the fortifications to control river traffic. Here was also one of the fords providing access across the Dnieper known as Tawan crossing. At the end of August of 1695, Kazikermen was sacked by the Zaporizhia Host Cossacks of Ivan Mazepa and the Sloboda Ukraine Cossacks of Boris Sheremetev during

1452-576: The nature in Russian literature. The river was also described in the works of Taras Shevchenko . In the adventure novel The Long Ships (also translated Red Orm ), set during the Viking Age , a Scanian chieftain travels to the Dnieper Rapids to retrieve a treasure hidden there by his brother, encountering many difficulties. The novel was very popular in Sweden and is one of few to depict

1496-413: The port of Kyiv , and thus are an important transportation corridor. The river is used by passenger vessels as well. Inland cruises on the rivers Danube and Dnieper have had a growing market in recent decades. Upstream from Kyiv, the Dnieper receives the water of the Pripyat River . This navigable river connects to the Dnieper-Bug canal , the link with the Bug River . Historically, a connection with

1540-430: The river's source (in Russia) to its mouth (in Ukraine): Arheimar , a capital of the Goths , was located on the Dnieper, according to the Hervarar saga . The River Dnieper has been a subject of chapter X of a story by Nikolai Gogol A Terrible Vengeance (1831, published in 1832 as a part of the Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka short stories collection). It is considered as a classical example of description of

1584-438: The river, Var , was derived from Scythian *Varu , meaning "Broad." This name was connected to the Graeco-Roman name of the Volga river, Oarus ( Ancient Greek : Οαρος , romanized :  Oaros ; Latin : Oarus ), which was also derived from Scythian *Varu . In Ukrainian it is also known poetically as Славутич , Slavutych or Славута , Slavuta , from an old name used in Kievan Rus' . This

1628-456: The so called Azov-Dnieper campaigns . By the 1700 Treaty of Constantinople , the Ottomans disbanded the fortifications. Later in the 19th century, ruins of the Kazikermen fortress were completely cleared away. After its 1784 re-establishment, the settlement was renamed Beryslav . On 16 December, 1918, Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadsky signed a telegram in Beryslav addressed to Kyiv where he officially resigned from his post. Beryslav

1672-548: The thriving Nordic Bronze Age culture, bringing influences from the Mediterranean Sea to the northernmost countries of Europe. Kaliningrad Oblast is occasionally referred to in Russian as Янтарный край , which means "the amber region" (see Kaliningrad Regional Amber Museum ). Old coastal Amber road route goes along E67 highway from Reiu in Häädemeeste Parish of Pärnumaa South, where it continues as 331 local road between Rannametsa and Ikla villages. The shortest (and possibly oldest) road avoids alpine areas and led from

1716-402: The whole width of the river, about 30 to 40 smaller rapids, obstructing only part of the river, and about 60 islands and islets. After the Dnieper hydroelectric station was built in 1932, they were inundated by Dnieper Reservoir . There are a number of canals connected to the Dnieper: The river is part of the quagga mussel 's native range. The mussel has been accidentally introduced around

1760-493: The world, where it has become an invasive species . The city of Kherson lies on the northern bank, upstream of the Dnieper delta , before the Dnieper meets the Southern Bug river in the Dnieper–Bug estuary . Nowadays the Dnieper River suffers from anthropogenic influence resulting in numerous emissions of pollutants. The Dnieper is close to the Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant radioactive dumps (near Kamianske ) and susceptible to leakage of its radioactive waste. The river

1804-443: Was " Borysthenes " ( Ancient Greek : Βορυσθενης , romanized :  Borusthenēs ; Latin : Borysthenes , Ukrainian : Бористен, Борисфен , romanized :  Borysten, Borysfen ) and later Δάναπρις Danapris . The name Borysthenes was derived from a Scythian name whose form was: Ovid used Borysthenius , an adjective derived from Borysthenes , as the river's poetic Latin name. The Huns ' name for

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1848-441: Was occupied by German forces on August 23, 1941. On September 22 about 400 Jews then living in Beryslav were murdered near the town by the members of Einsatzgruppe D. Another 35 Jews from Beryslav were shot in early October 1941. Beryslav was liberated by the Red Army on March 11, 1944. Since August 2016, the city has hosted the revived Ukrainian Premier League and UEFA Europa League football club, Tavriya Simferopol . During

1892-432: Was probably established in the late eighth and early ninth centuries and gained significant importance from the tenth until the first third of the eleventh century. On the Dnieper the Varangians had to portage their ships round seven rapids, where they had to be on guard for Pecheneg nomads. Along this middle flow of the Dnieper, there were 9 major rapids (although some sources cite a smaller number), obstructing almost

1936-496: Was transported from the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts overland by way of the Vistula and Dnieper rivers to Italy , Greece , the Black Sea , Syria and Egypt over a period of thousands of years. The oldest trade in amber started from Sicily . The Sicilian amber trade was directed to Greece, North Africa and Spain. Sicilian amber was also discovered in Mycenae by the archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann , and it appeared in sites in southern Spain and Portugal. Its distribution

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