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40-555: Bitterne is an eastern suburb and ward of Southampton , in the ceremonial county of Hampshire , England. Bitterne derives its name not from the similarly named bird, the bittern , but probably from the bend in the River Itchen ; the Old English words byht and ærn together mean "house near a bend" or possibly bita ærn ; "house of horse bits ", either most likely a reference to Bitterne Manor House. A reference from

80-529: A Christian belief in the 2011 census, with 35.9% identifying as having no religion. The next largest religious group in the ward are the Muslims, who accounted for 1.3% of the population. In the 2011 census, 7% of Bitterne Ward's population assessed themselves as being in bad or very bad health; the highest proportion of any ward in Southampton identifying as such. Bitterne also had the highest proportion of

120-537: A castle. In Wales, the term electoral ward is used for elections to principal councils ( county councils or county borough councils ). These were formally called electoral divisions . Communities in Wales (the equivalent to the civil parish in England) are sometimes divided into wards for elections to the community council. All of Scotland is divided into over 300 wards for local government elections. Using

160-408: A date of consecration, dedication to a saint or saints, and typically their own clergy. They were by and large upgraded, that is (re-)constituted, into parishes. A small minority fell redundant and were downgraded or closed, though at a lesser rate than mission rooms, which were usually cheaply built and declined after the invention of different modes of private wheeled transport. The vestry , whether

200-428: A further parish, Ealing, unusually so for a medieval town. From the outset the townspeople of New Brentford, founded around St Lawrence's Hospital in the manorial land of Boston Manor in 1179, were "to worship at Hanwell on the four principal feasts and to be buried there", except "the infirm, chaplains, and their servants". Offerings, tithes (but a smaller portion after c. 1660) and an annual donation of wax went from

240-568: A joint board with the whole parish or dedicated in each chapelry, was empowered under an Act of Parliament in the reign of Henry VIII to collect rates to improve the roads, other general purposes, and administer the Poor Law (e.g. indoor and outdoor relief , the Speenhamland system and other wages systems) until the establishment of Poor Law Unions in the 19th century. The Poor Law Amendment Act 1867 declared that all areas that levied

280-414: A number of books and runs a charity shop and museum on Peartree Avenue. Bitterne Leisure Centre is managed by Active Nation, a national sport and exercise charity, and offers a wide range of activities, including swimming, exercise classes, table tennis, a gymnasium, badminton, martial arts and children's activities, including birthday parties. There is a commercial gymnasium above Sainsbury's supermarket on

320-488: A separate rate should become civil parishes; thus their number approximately equalled the sum of ecclesiastical parishes and chapelries. Civil parishes have been abolished in many urban areas, removing the third tier of British local government. Pinner , Harrow and New Brentford , Hanwell were medieval-founded chapelries in Middlesex , constituted parishes in 1766 and 1660 respectively. Equally Old Brentford, as part of

360-1030: Is divided into wards, which are ancient and very long-standing sub-divisions of the city. The Council of the Isles of Scilly is also a sui generis unitary authority, and has five wards, each returning either 1 or (in the case of St Mary's ) 12 councillors to the Council of the Isles of Scilly. Civil parishes in England are sometimes divided into wards for elections to the parish council (or town / city council ). They need not bear any relation to wards or electoral divisions at district level, but often do. The four most northerly ancient counties of England – Cumberland , Westmorland , County Durham and Northumberland  – were historically divided into administrative units called wards instead of hundreds or wapentakes , as in other counties. Wards were areas originally organised for military purposes, each centred on

400-530: Is entirely suburban in nature, and located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) northeast of the Bargate in Southampton City Centre . It is atop a raised part eastern shoulder of the lower Itchen valley, with views over much of the city visible from parts of the suburb. The road up the valley shoulder from the floodplain was named Lance's Hill after David Lance, who owned Chessel House and encouraged

440-669: Is located roughly 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) west of the shopping precinct and is on the West Coastway Line . Bus Routes: 3,13,14,16,18 ( Bluestar ) Primary schools in the area include the Bitterne's Church of England Primary school, Glenfield Infant School and Beechwood Junior School. There are no public sector secondary schools in Bitterne itself but it is well served by the surrounding areas, with Bitterne Park School , Woodlands Community College and Sholing Technology College all within walking distance. As well as

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480-497: The Local Government (Boundaries) (NI) Order 1972 (No. 131) and DEAs were first created by the Local Government (District Electoral Areas) Regulations 1973 (No.94) Chapelry A chapelry had a similar status to a township , but was so named as it had a chapel of ease (chapel) which was the community's official place of assembly in religious and secular matters. The fusion of these matters – principally tithes –

520-460: The electoral ward is the unit used by Welsh principal councils , while the electoral division is the unit used by English county councils and some unitary authorities . Each ward/division has an average electorate of about 5,500 people, but ward population counts can vary substantially. As of 2021 there are 8,694 electoral wards/divisions in the UK. An average area of wards or electoral divisions in

560-653: The single transferable vote , most wards elect either three or four councillors. Starting from the 2022 Scottish local elections , the Scottish Elections (Reform) Act 2020 , allows electoral wards to have between one and five councillors. Districts in Northern Ireland are divided into electoral areas, with each electing between five and seven councillors by single transferable vote. These are themselves sub-divided into wards, but these wards have no official function. Post-1973 wards were first created by

600-439: The "curate/curacy" (dubbed sometimes the chaplain) to the rector, namely the parish priest, of Hanwell. Around 1660 New Brentford, already governed by its own vestry , was made a separate parish. In 1714 the rector of Hanwell managed to assert his right to the hay tithes from Boston manorial demesne but in 1744 he gave up the small tithes of New Brentford, all hay tithes except those from Boston demesne , and all offerings. In 1961

640-426: The 2001 census. The area is predominantly indigenous, with white British comprising 91.1% of the population. No other ethnic group accounts for more than 2.6% of the population. The only ward in Southampton with a higher indigenous proportion in the 2011 census was neighbouring Sholing, with 92.4% being white British. This is against an average for the city of 77.7%. 54.5% of Bitterne's population identified as having

680-700: The Methodist church by Lloyds Bank (with the Methodists joining with the Anglican church). During the 1980s, work was carried out to bypass the bottleneck of the main high street by looping the A3024 from the top of Lances Hill eastwards through some of the poorer housing to a new junction with the Hedge End road and demolishing the old post office and United Reformed Church. This enabled the pedestrianisation of

720-458: The Mousehole area of Bitterne. In the 1790s, frequent royal visits to Southampton encouraged a spate of land-buying in the area, and further estates were added to the Bitterne area, including Ridgeway, Sydney Farm and Midanbury Lodge. Townhill Park House was also built around this time, and Chessel House was built in 1796 by David Lance. Aware that access to his land was poor, Lance encouraged

760-530: The United Kingdom is 28.109 km (10.853 sq mi). The London boroughs , metropolitan boroughs and non-metropolitan districts (including most unitary authorities ) are divided into wards for local elections. However, county council elections (as well as those for several unitary councils which were formerly county councils, such as the Isle of Wight and Shropshire Councils ) instead use

800-494: The building of a bridge over the River Itchen linking Bitterne Manor to Northam , and another bridge over the River Hamble at Bursledon , with a road linking the bridges meeting another new road, to Botley , at the location known as the centre of today's Bitterne. Construction of this new road and the bridges was completed in 1801. Although this new junction on an important communications route would eventually stimulate

840-650: The construction of the Northam Bridge linking Bitterne to central Southampton. The road now bypasses the central shopping area and is a dual carriageway , carrying the A3024 road . Because the Northam Bridge is the southernmost toll-free bridge into Southampton from the east, traffic on this route can be heavy: in 2014 the annual average daily flow was 25,936 motor vehicles (not including motorcycles), 474 motorcycles and 110 pedal cycles. The bypassed section of

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880-443: The growth of Bitterne Village, an account of 1826 mentions only the estate houses and not any hamlet or collection of cottages. By the 20th Century, Bitterne Village was swallowed up by fast expanding Southampton . During the 1950s, Bitterne underwent extensive renovation, with the destruction of Victorian cottage housing areas to be replaced with flats and estates on the old farm land. The Angel pub went to be replaced by Sainsbury's,

920-507: The health centre and library. Bitterne Spiritualist Church was established in 1947 and is located at the top of Lances Hill. Wards of the United Kingdom The wards and electoral divisions in the United Kingdom are electoral districts at sub-national level, represented by one or more councillors . The ward is the primary unit of English electoral geography for civil parishes and borough and district councils,

960-410: The late 11th century spells the name Byterne . Bitterne Ward comprises the suburbs of Bitterne and Thornhill , and had a population of 13,800 at the 2011 census . The ward borders Sholing Ward and Harefield Ward to the west and north. The focal point of Bitterne today is the former location of Bitterne Village (and is still occasionally referred to by that name), but the village is predated by

1000-515: The late 20th century. It is a Grade II listed building . Bitterne United Reformed Church is located at the top of the pedestrian precinct, next to the parish church, and occupies the first floor of its building with retail outlets underneath. The retail premises are currently occupied by the local Iceland supermarket. The Christ the King Roman Catholic Church is another local landmark on the main A3024 road, located between

1040-517: The latter is currently earmarked for closure. There are also a number of other GP surgeries in the area. Bitterne is at the junction of the A334 and A3024 roads, providing easy access by road to the M27 motorway to the east and Southampton City Centre to the southwest. As a result, Bitterne is well served by a number of bus routes with operators including Bluestar and Xelabus . Bitterne railway station

1080-429: The old high street. Bitterne is a ward within the unitary authority of Southampton, returning three councillors to the city council. As well as Bitterne itself, the Bitterne ward represents the neighbouring suburb of Thornhill and had a combined population of 13,800 at the 2011 census. As of May 2021, the three councillors representing the ward are Terry Streets, Elliot Prior and Matthew Magee (Conservatives). Bitterne

1120-485: The parish of St. Lawrence, New Brentford, was amalgamated with St. George's and St. Paul's, Old Brentford, to form the united parishes of Brentford in the Church of England. In Cornwall the parish of St Minver had chapelries of Porthilly and St Enodoc; Probus had chapelries of Cornelly and Merther and there were others. St Ives was a chapelry of Lelant before it was granted parochial status (until 1902 Towednack

1160-479: The population affected by a long-term health problem or disability that limits day-to-day activities. An article in The Guardian in 2014 identified Bitterne as a working-class community. There are no significant industrial estates or manufacturing facilities in Bitterne so employment in the area tends to be oriented around the service industry, and retail in particular. In addition to the permanent stores in

1200-403: The population of Bitterne was estimated to be 75 inhabitants, across 15 houses, which included Bitterne Manor House and Peartree House . A new estate was built in 1760, known then as Bitterne Grove and today housing St Mary's Independent School . A number of workers' cottages were erected to support the estate and the farming activities at Bitterne Manor and Townhill Park ; the cottages were in

1240-717: The precinct, a location which formerly housed a ten-pin bowling centre. This was opened in 1965 as the Excel Bowl before being taken over by AMF Bowling and renamed "Bitterne Bowl". The centre moved to the Swan Centre in Eastleigh as part of a redevelopment project there in November/December 2008. Between the library and leisure centre is Bitterne Health Centre, which houses a GP surgery and emergency dental service, as well as an NHS walk-in centre; however

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1280-462: The road is pedestrianised , forming a popular shopping precinct. Bitterne Ward had a population of 13,800 in the 2011 census, of which 3,079 (22.3%) were under 15, 8,429 (61.1%) of working age and 2,292 (16.6%) aged 65 or over. Proportionately Bitterne has fewer people of working age than Southampton as a whole (69.6%), and more people in both the younger and older age groups. However the population of all three age groups in Bitterne had increased since

1320-487: The same number of electors, and each elect three councillors. In local authorities with mixed urban and rural areas, the number of councillors may vary from one to three, depending on the size of the electorate. Where civil parishes exist, a ward can be adjacent with a civil parish or consist of groups of civil parishes. Larger civil parishes (such as Shrewsbury ) can be divided into two or more wards. The City of London has its own sui generis form of local government and

1360-519: The settlement at Bitterne Manor , the site of the original Roman settlement of Clausentum , the forerunner of today's City of Southampton . Bitterne is not mentioned in the Domesday Book but first appears in a late 11th century entry in the Bishop of Winchester 's register as Byterne . This is, however, a reference to Bitterne Manor, not to the settlement known as Bitterne today. In 1665,

1400-483: The shopping precinct, Bitterne hosts a weekly street market, which was approved by the city council in 2009 following a successful pilot which began in October 2008. Bitterne Library is one of the largest libraries in Southampton and a number of regular activities take place there, including various reading groups, an IT club, job club, and family history group. There is an active local history society which has published

1440-474: The sixth form at Bitterne Park School, the nearby Itchen College offers a range of further education courses. Primary School Secondary School/Sixth Form College Bitterne's parish church is dedicated to the Holy Saviour and its spire is a local landmark. The church is an Anglican and Methodist partnership following the merger of the two congregations and the sale of the Methodist church building in

1480-435: The term electoral division . In non-metropolitan county areas with both wards (used for district council elections) and electoral divisions (used for county council elections), the boundaries of the two types of divisions may sometimes not coincide, but more often the county electoral divisions will be made up of one or more complete wards. In urban areas, the wards within a local authority area typically each contain roughly

1520-509: Was fixed in medieval times by reference to a large or influential manor or a set of manors . A lord of the manor or other patron of an area, often the Diocese, would for prestige and public convenience set up an additional church of sorts, a chapel of ease which would serve the chapelry: typically an area roughly equal to the old extent of the manor or a new industrious area. The chapels, as opposed to mission churches or mission rooms, had

1560-521: Was formerly a tything and chapelry in the parish of South Stoneham , on 31 December 1894 Bitterne became a separate civil parish , on 1 April 1925 the parish was abolished and merged with Southampton. In 1921 the parish had a population of 3882. It is now in the unparished area of Southampton. As with many city suburbs the boundaries of Bitterne itself are not well defined; however the ward (which includes neighbouring Thornhill) comprises an area of 2.47 square kilometres (0.95 sq mi). The area

1600-433: Was heavily tied to the main parish church. However, the medieval church's doctrine of subsidiarity when the congregation or sponsor was wealthy enough, supported their constitution into new parishes. Chapelries were first widespread in northern England and in larger parishes across the country which had populous outlying places. Except in cities, the entire coverage of the parishes (with very rare extra-parochial areas )

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