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32-523: The corporate background of the Biagini Passo has been described as "complex". Period advertising calls the Passo a product of Automobili Biagini , a division of ACM SpA . ACM had previously operated under the name Ali Ciemme SpA, part of that name being an initialism for even earlier company names; "Carrozzeria Mediterranea", and, later, "Centro Multiindustriale". ACM was best known for assembling

64-403: A collision. Modern design of bullbars and roo bars has advanced, so some vehicle manufacturers and aftermarket companies now offer impact bars which integrate with the vehicle safety system, such as activation of airbags after collision with the bullbar. Plastic bullbars made from materials such as polyethylene are designed to act like a spring and deflect due to the force of a collision so that

96-512: A cosmetic accessory, particularly on the larger four wheel drive and Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs). Studies and media attention to them and their role in increasing pedestrian deaths led to an agreement with the European Union among carmakers not to install them on new vehicles from January 1, 2002. This was followed by a full EU ban on the sale of rigid bullbars (e.g., by aftermarket fitters). Vehicles that already had them fitted prior to

128-545: A head-on collision with an RCMP cruiser. Kangaroos are a primary road safety hazard in Australia, hence the alternative name "roo bar". Kangaroos account for the majority of collisions between vehicles and animals in Australia; the next most common type of animal being dogs at 12%. This high animal strike incidence is why roo bars are most commonly fitted to vehicles in Australia in outback or rural areas. Over recent years there has been debate in Australia regarding

160-408: A high of around 300 units, to a low of less than 100, and possibly as few as 65. The Passo was sold in both Italy and Germany. While most production Passos used a 1.8 L gasoline engine, a 2.0 L version was available in some markets, including Italy. The company planned to eventually offer three different gasoline engine options and one diesel, and also said that a hardtop version of the Passo

192-469: A new company called Motauto. Livio was later one of the principals of IAP-Honda, an Italian company established to assemble Honda motorcycles for sale in Europe from imported and locally-produced parts. He was subsequently investigated for fraud in relation to this company's dealings. During the investigation Livio apparently fled the country, possibly to Venezuela, and was considered a fugitive. Livio's name

224-401: A nudge to the rear quarter panel. Cars not fitted with a PIT Bumper can still attempt a PIT maneuver at risk of increased front-end damage and possible disablement if the maneuver fails and the pursuit continues. Bullbars are installed using the same mounting holes in the front of the truck or SUV that are used to install snow plows, tow hooks, and other accessories. Bullbar installation require

256-460: A platform for mounting spotlights , fishrod holders and vehicle recovery winches . Radio antennas for equipment such as CB radios are often mounted onto bullbars, even though mounting on the roof provides better performance. Mounting on the roof is inconvenient in cities as it typically makes vehicles too tall to fit in underground carparks. Bullbars incorporating a winch are often known as "winch bumpers"(USA) or "winch bars"(AU), especially in

288-419: A set of lower brackets, while installing larger grille guards, such as brushbars, may also require upper mounting brackets. Some bullbars might cover front license plate of the vehicle. In this case special license plate brackets can be used to relocate it and ensure its proper visibility. For the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks , the perpetrator's replica police cruiser was installed with a bullbar which he used for

320-634: A standard alloy or polymer products. Bull bars are popular among the SUV and truck owners in the U.S. and installation of a bull bar is not considered a modification, as this is bolt-on accessory. The most popular materials of the US-built bull bars are polished stainless steel and mild steel with black powder coating. Some states require license plate relocation from the body to the bull bar. However, all states allow installation of aftermarket bull bars as of 2018. In recent times bullbars have become popular also as

352-992: A version of the Romanian ARO 10 for sale in Italy. Early copies used the original ARO body style. Models with Renault gasoline engines were called the Aro Ischia , and those with Volkswagen diesel engines were the Aro Super Ischia . A later model with revised bodywork was called the ACM Enduro x4 . A key person behind both ACM and the development of the Biagini Passo was Livio Biagini. Early in his career, Livio worked for his uncle Bruno Cavani, who produced motorcycles under his own name using engines from DKW and frames and other parts sourced locally. In 1957 Cavani transferred control of DKW-Cavani to his nephew Livio, who shortly thereafter closed it down and established

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384-410: Is not specifically aimed at bullbars but does effectively prescribe requirements for their construction. ADR 42/00, the first version of this rule, applied to vehicles built from July 1988. Australian Standard AS4876.1-2002 Motor vehicle frontal protection systems Part 1: Road user protection was released in 2002, and applies construction rules to all bullbars manufactured since that date, regardless of

416-441: Is replaced with a wider bottom-hinged dropgate. The folding roof framework is a modified Golf Mk1 Cabriolet assembly used with the original soft top. The Golf's original glass rear window panel is replaced with a transparent Perspex panel that can be zipped out, a change necessitated by the revised tailgate. The front fenders and the hood are custom pieces produced by Biagini. A bullbar was added in front, plastic fender flares on

448-636: The Volkswagen Golf Mk1 Cabriolet . Biagini added a custom subframe that allowed it to accept the Syncro all-wheel drive powertrain from the MkII Golf Country . Ground clearance was raised to 10.2 in (259 mm). The Golf Country powertrain provided the Passo's 1.8 L Volkswagen EA827 single overhead camshaft (SOHC) inline four cylinder gasoline engine and five-speed manual transmission . It also provided

480-530: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Automobili Biagini " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for

512-547: The Australian Design Rules (ADRs). The main ADR requirement that applies to bullbars is a clause within ADR 42/xx (where xx designates a version number), which states (in part) that: No vehicle shall be equipped with any object or fitting, not technically essential to such vehicle, which protrudes from any part of the vehicle so that it is likely to increase the risk of bodily injury to any person. This requirement

544-1144: The UK ), the sale of new metal bullbars which did not comply with a European Union Directive was banned in the European Union . However, in the United Kingdom the sale and refitting of second-hand bars manufactured before 2007 or the use of pre-2007 bars already fitted is permitted as per the current MOT guidelines: "It is not illegal for vehicles to be fitted with bull bars, although the Department would not recommend their fitment unless it has been shown, through compliance with specified safety standards, that they do not pose an additional risk of injury to pedestrians or other vulnerable road users. There are no plans for legislation to require bull bars that are already fitted to be removed." Where cattle are more prominent and where larger four-wheel drive vehicles are used, drivers use larger steel bullbars. Brushbars (or bush bars) are similar to bullbars, often integrated into

576-440: The UK where the sale of bullbars that do not meet European standards, as mentioned above, was banned since 2007. However, the legislation was not retrospective, and steel frontal protection systems can still be legal, for instance when incorporating a winch fitting. As a safety feature, traditional bars are built to protect the vehicle, which is considered less safe than allowing controlled deformation to absorb kinetic energy during

608-501: The United States and Canada) is a device installed on the front of a vehicle to protect its front from collisions, whether an accidental collision with a large animal in rural roads, or an intentional collision by police with another vehicle. They vary considerably in size and form, and are normally composed of welded steel or aluminium tubing, or, more recently, moulded polycarbonate and polyethylene materials. The "bull" in

640-571: The age of the vehicle that they are fitted to. Similar requirements for older vehicles fitted with bullbars manufactured before that Australian Standard was implemented exist only in state legislation. In 2003, New South Wales State Member of Parliament Anthony Roberts suggested there is little or no enforcement of the ADR requirement and Harold Scruby (of the Pedestrian Council of Australia) has proposed that modern standards should be made retrospective. Bullbars are not allowed to cause

672-423: The ban remain legal. A push bumper or nudge bar is fitted to the chassis of the car and located to augment the front bumper, to allow the car to be used as a battering ram for simple structures or fences, or to push disabled vehicles off the road. The Pursuit Intervention Technique (PIT) bumper attaches to the front frame of a patrol car. It is designed to end vehicle pursuits by spinning the fleeing vehicle with

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704-492: The bull bar design. They protect the front fender panels of the vehicle, especially headlights, from brush and small trees. "Nudge bars", another kind of bullbar, are generally fitted to sedans and small SUVs , and consist of light aluminium alloy or polycarbonate tubing that protects only the radiator area without replacing the bumper. Bullbars typically replace the front bumper and front inner wheel wells, so most require indicator light housings. Bullbars are sometimes used as

736-673: The first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobili_Biagini " Bullbar A bullbar or push bumper (also kangaroo bar , roo bar , winch bar or nudge bar in Australia, livestock stop or kangaroo device in Russia, and push bar , ram bar , brush guard , grille guard , cactus pusher , rammer , PIT bar , PIT bumper , or cattle pusher in

768-913: The 💕 Look for Automobili Biagini on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Automobili Biagini in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

800-544: The name refers to cattle , which in rural areas sometimes roam onto rural roads and highways. Studies have shown that using bull bars increases the risk of death and serious injury to pedestrians. This is because the bull bar is rigid, and so transmits all the force to the pedestrian, unlike a bumper which resists some force and crumples. Due to the number of deaths and injuries caused by the rigid fronts of cars, often with metal bullbars (2,000 deaths and 18,000 serious accidents per year in Europe, according to official studies in

832-413: The part-time all-wheel drive system developed by Steyr-Daimler-Puch with viscous coupler that engages the rear wheels when the fronts began to slip. The Passo's headlamps and front indicators are from the 1980–1985 Fiat Panda , side indicators from the 1983 Fiat Ritmo , and taillamps from the 1983 Opel Kadett D sedan and first generation Vauxhall Astra . The Golf's original top-hinged rear liftgate

864-429: The safety implications of fitting a bullbar, especially as four-wheel drives and their accessories are becoming increasingly popular in urban areas. The use of bullbars in urban areas is criticised by cycling and pedestrian organisations. Bullbar manufacturers in Australia must conform to Australian standard AS47861.1/2002. In some states it may be illegal to drive a vehicle fitted with a bullbar that does not comply with

896-468: The sides, and at the rear an externally mounted spare wheel and tire. On the interior, the fascia is from the Golf Mk1 but is fitted with an additional full-width handle that extends across to the passenger side. The steering wheel is from Nardi , and the front seats from Recaro . The interior is trimmed in a combination of cloth and leather or Alcantara . Automobili Biagini From Misplaced Pages,

928-455: The strength for the protection system must be constructed from one piece of material and free from sections bolted on or welded together. The thickness of the material is something which should be considered when choosing a bullbar, generally the thicker the material, the stronger the product delivering greater protection. The grade of material is also important, products manufactured from steel or hi-tensile/structural grade alloys are stronger than

960-412: The vehicle is still driveable after striking an animal. These designs are more "pedestrian friendly" than the same vehicle without any bullbar. Some modern bullbars have crumple zones and/or are mounted on sliders, designed to move back in order to reduce impact forces. There are many aspects relating to the proper construction of a bullbar. It is widely accepted that the channel section which provides

992-575: Was also found on a list of purported members of the illegal Propaganda Due organization. Livio returned to Italy and became the local importer of Chrysler products for the country. His dealings with the Romanian ARO came after this. The Biagini Passo was built in ACM's factory in Atessa , in the province of Chieti . 220 people worked at this location building the car. Production estimates range from

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1024-533: Was being developed. Inadequate corrosion protection has resulted in many Passos being scrapped due to rust damage, making roadworthy examples even rarer. Volkswagen called the Biagini Passo a "conceptual predecessor" of their own T-Roc Cabriolet of 2020. A Biagini Passo was displayed at the Volkswagen AutoMuseum in February 2019. The Biagini Passo is based on the body and unibody chassis of

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