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29-828: The aim of the museum is to put the various peoples covered into historical context. The museum is located on Museum Row in Givat Ram , between the Israel Museum , the National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel , and the Bloomfield Science Museum . The museum was founded by Elie Borowski in 1992 to house his personal collection. On a visit to Jerusalem in 1981, he met Batya Weiss who encouraged him to bring his collection of Ancient Near Eastern Art from biblical times to Israel and establish

58-570: A mosaic floor of the Byzantine period. 31°47′N 35°12′E  /  31.78°N 35.20°E  / 31.78; 35.20 National Library of Israel The National Library of Israel ( NLI ; Hebrew : הספרייה הלאומית , romanized :  HaSifria HaLeumit ; Arabic : المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل ), formerly Jewish National and University Library ( JNUL ; Hebrew : בית הספרים הלאומי והאוניברסיטאי , romanized :  Beit Ha-Sfarim Ha-Le'umi ve-Ha-Universita'i ),

87-527: A Jewish National Library in Jerusalem was the brainchild of Joseph Chazanovitz  [ he ] (1844–1919). His idea was creating a "home for all works in all languages and literatures which have Jewish authors, even though they create in foreign cultures." Chazanovitz collected some 15,000 volumes which later became the core of the library. The B'nai Brith library, founded in Jerusalem in 1892,

116-429: A gallery of ancient Anatolian jugs is the verse "Behold, Rebecca came forth with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she went down unto the fountain and drew water" ( Genesis 24:45). The main gallery consists of 20 numbered sections in chronological order: 31°46′30″N 35°12′09″E  /  31.7749°N 35.2025°E  / 31.7749; 35.2025 Givat Ram Givat Ram ( Hebrew : גִּבְעַת רָם )

145-571: A museum. She put him in contact with Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek . Borowski heeded her advice, built the Bible Lands Museum and moved his collection from a museum in Toronto to Jerusalem. Elie and Batya eventually married. The museum was built on land donated by the city of Jerusalem and cost $ 12 million. The main gallery displays hundreds of artifacts: ancient documents, idols, coins, statues, weapons, pottery, and seals from across

174-598: Is a neighborhood in central Jerusalem . It is the site of Kiryat HaMemshala ( Hebrew : קריית הממשלה, lit. Government complex), which includes many of Israel's most important national institutions, among them the Knesset (Israel's Parliament), the Israel Museum (as well as the private Bible Lands Museum ), the Supreme Court , Bank of Israel , Academy of the Hebrew Language , National Library , one of

203-591: Is one of the first high tech parks in Israel built in proximity to centers of academic research. It provides a starting base for technological start-up companies. The first salvage excavation was conducted before Binyanei HaUma was built, in July- August 1949, by M. Avi-Yonah , who unearthed hewn installations, cisterns and pools of various sizes dating to the Herodian period, bricks and tiles bearing stamps of

232-479: Is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage . The library holds more than 5 million books, and is located in the Government complex (Kiryat HaMemshala) near the Knesset . The National Library owns the world's largest collections of Hebraica and Judaica , and is the repository of many rare and unique manuscripts, books and artifacts. The establishment of

261-461: Is unclear whether the books were being kept and protected or if they were looted from the abandoned houses of their owners. About 6,000 of these books are in the library today indexed with the label AP – "Abandoned Property". The books are cataloged, can be viewed from the Library's general catalog and are regularly consulted by the public. The National Library of Israel completed its collection of

290-750: The Max Brod archive in August 2019. Indeed, the Israel Supreme Court in a highly controversial decision ordered the papers including the Franz Kafka papers to be deposited here although Max Brod had expressly left the ultimate decision to the daughters of his secretary and heir Ester Hoffe providing that they were to hand them over to the "Bibliothek der Hebräischen Universität Jerusalem oder der Städtischen Bibliothek Tel Aviv oder einem anderen öffentlichen Archiv im Inland oder Ausland" [library of

319-557: The Tenth Roman Legion , and the remains of a monastery. In May–June 1968, before a new hotel (then the Hilton) was built south of Binyanei HaUma, Avi-Yonah conducted a second salvage excavation. He found remains of an oval-shaped potter's kiln, a preparation area for clay, and a deep water cistern. The area had been covered by a thick layer of plaster upon which were found large mortaria and many bricks, some bearing stamps of

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348-510: The ancient Near East . Many topics are elaborated upon in brief articles on the walls (e.g. the origins of the alphabet, embalming, and Abraham's journey). The museum also exhibits scale models of Jerusalem during the First Temple period, a Ziggurat at Ur and the pyramids of Giza . While the museum's emphasis is the history of ancient Near Eastern civilizations, the curators draw attention to relevant biblical verses. For example, above

377-591: The Hebrew University (25%) and other organizations. In 2014, the project for a new home of the Library in Jerusalem was unveiled. The 34,000 square meters building, was designed by the Basel -based architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron . The cornerstone laying ceremony took place in 2016. The completion date was postponed a number of times and the old library building at Givat Ram continued to be used till September 2023. The grand opening events planned for

406-604: The Tenth Legion. During the work on a new international convention center east of Binyanei HaUma, a large salvage excavation was conducted in April–September 1992 on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority , but roughly 60% of the parking lot area had already been dug up by bulldozers. In July 1993, a small excavation in the northwestern corner dismantled kilns of the Tenth Legion and lifted

435-587: The area in the north was known by the Arabs as Sheikh Badr . In December 1949, the Israeli government, headed by David Ben-Gurion , passed a resolution to build a government precinct in Jerusalem. Givat Ram, a hill in the west of the city, which had been an assembly point for the Gadna Youth Battalions , was chosen for this purpose. The topography of the site was made up of three ridges, meshed with

464-523: The basis for a university library. The books were moved to Mount Scopus when the university opened five years later. In 1948, when access to the university campus on Mount Scopus was blocked, most of the books were moved to the university's temporary quarters in the Terra Sancta building in Rehavia . By that time, the university collection included over one million books. For lack of space, some of

493-558: The books were placed in storerooms around the city. In 1960, they were moved to the new JNUL building in Givat Ram. In the late 1970s, when the new university complex on Mount Scopus was inaugurated and the faculties of Law, Humanities and Social Science returned there, departmental libraries opened on that campus and the number of visitors to the Givat Ram library dropped. In the 1990s, the building suffered from maintenance problems such as rainwater leaks and insect infestation. In 2007

522-558: The building but most of the employees either worked from home or took partial or full paid leave. The library, mainly the reference, education and culture departments provided online services during this period. The library's mission is to secure copies of all material published in Israel, in any language; all publications on the subject of Israel, the Land of Israel , Judaism and the Jewish people , published in any language, in any country in

551-582: The campuses of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , and many government ministries' offices. Two versions: Before 1948, maps of the area drawn by the Survey of Palestine team tagged it as Karam es Sila. The name indicates it was a karam (grape field) belonging to the Sala (שלה might be originally סלע or سلع) family or the grape field near stone quarries. Before the 1947–1949 Arab-Israeli war ,

580-650: The end of days and the appearance of the ancient Temple in Jerusalem. It also contains maps that Newton sketched about mythical events to assist him in his end of days calculations. The library houses the personal archives of Martin Buber and Gershom Scholem . Additionally the library houses the Gershom Scholem Collection for the Research of Kabbalah and Hasidism, including Scholem's personal library and items added since his death in 1982. Following

609-691: The idea of establishing three clusters of buildings – the government precinct, a university campus and a museum. The Knesset, Israeli government offices, and the Israeli Supreme Court are located in Givat Ram, as are cultural landmarks such as the Israel Museum, the Bible Lands Museum, the Bloomfield Science Museum , a campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the National Library of Israel , and Binyanei HaUma - The National Convention Center. The northern part of

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638-669: The library was officially recognized as The National Library of the State of Israel after the passage of the National Library Law. The law, which came into effect on 23 July 2008, changed the library's name to "National Library of Israel" and turned it temporarily to a subsidiary company of the University, later to become a fully independent community interest company , jointly owned by the Government of Israel (50%),

667-502: The neighborhood, between the convention center and the university, where the government ministries are clustered, is officially known as Kiryat HaLeom . A new apartment project, Mishkenot Ha’uma, is being built in this area. The Wohl Rose Garden is also located in the neighborhood. The Givat Ram High-Tech Village was established jointly by the Jerusalem Development Authority and the Hebrew University. It

696-719: The occupation of West Jerusalem by Haganah forces in May 1948, the libraries of a number Palestinians who fled the country as well as of other well-to-do Palestinians were transferred to the National Library. These collections included those of Henry Cattan , Khalil Beidas , Khalil al-Sakakini and Aref Hikmet Nashashibi . About 30,000 books were removed from homes in West Jerusalem, with another 40,000 taken from other cities in Mandatory Palestine. It

725-733: The personal papers of hundreds of outstanding Jewish figures, the National Sound Archives, the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The Sidney Edelstein Collection (for the history of science) and numerous other collections of Hebraica and Judaica. The library also possesses some of Isaac Newton 's manuscripts dealing with theological subjects. The collection, donated by the family of the collector Abraham Yahuda , includes many works by Newton about mysticism, analyses of holy books, predictions about

754-461: The thirteenth century Worms Mahzor , have been scanned and are available on the library's website. Due to be completed in 2023, the National Library of Israel is digitizing over 2,500 rare manuscripts and books which will be available online for free. The works are written in Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu and date from the ninth to twentieth centuries. Among the library's special collections are

783-459: The week of 22 October were cancelled due to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and the new building opened its doors to the public on 29 October 2023, with service and capacity limited due to war related limitations. In August, 2020, the National Library announced its immediately forthcoming closure "until further notice" due to the ongoing financial and government crisis. The closure lasted for a number of weeks. A small skeleton staff continued coming to

812-527: The world; and all material published in Hebrew or any of the languages spoken in the Jewish Diaspora (such as Yiddish and Ladino ). By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the National Library. In 2001, the law was amended to include audio and video recordings, and other non-print media. Many manuscripts, including some of the library's unique volumes such

841-654: Was the first public library in the region of Palestine to serve the Jewish community. The library was located on B'nai Brith street, between the Meah Shearim neighborhood and the Russian Compound . Ten years later, the Bet Midrash Abrabanel library, as it was then known, moved to Ethiopia Street. In 1920, when plans were drawn up for the Hebrew University, the B'nai Brith collection became

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