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30-669: Big Bottom may refer to: the Big Bottom massacre of the Northwest Indian War "Big Bottom," a song by Spinal Tap from the soundtrack This Is Spinal Tap Big Bottom, South Dakota , a ghost town in Meade County Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Big Bottom . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

60-814: A 100-acre lot free to any male, eighteen or older, who "would actually settle on the land at the time the deed was conveyed." A marker at the site posted by the Ohio Historical Society , reads: Following the American Revolution , the new Federal government, in need of operating funds, sold millions of acres of western lands to land companies. One such company, the Ohio Company of Associates, brought settlement to Marietta in 1788. Two years later, despite warnings of native American hostility, an association of thirty-six Company members moved north from Marietta to settle "Big Bottom,"

90-500: A large area of level land on the east side of the Muskingum River. The settlers were acquainted with native American warfare, but even so, built an unprotected outpost. They did not complete the blockhouse, put pickets around it, or post a sentry. On Jan 2, 1791, a war party of twenty-five Delaware and Wyandot men from the north attacked the unsuspecting settlers, killing nine men, one woman and two children. War raged throughout

120-652: A university. The second contract was an option to buy all the land between the Ohio and the Scioto rivers and the western boundary line of the Ohio Company's tract, extending north of the tenth survey township from the Ohio, this tract being preempted by Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent for themselves and others for the Scioto Company . Cutler's original intent was to buy only about 1,500,000 acres (6,000 km²) for

150-574: Is the site of an attack on an Ohio Company settlement by Delaware and Wyandot Indians on Jan 2, 1791. The Big Bottom Massacre marked the outbreak of four years of frontier warfare in Ohio, which only stopped when General Anthony Wayne and the Indian Tribes signed the Treaty of Greenville . [REDACTED] Media related to Big Bottom massacre at Wikimedia Commons Ohio Company of Associates The Ohio Company of Associates , also known as

180-580: The Northwest Indian War , including the Big Bottom Massacre , led Congress in 1792 to donate 100,000 acres (400 km ) on the north edge of the first purchase as a buffer against incursion. The Donation Tract incorporated much of present-day Washington and Morgan counties. Many associates of the company held army bounty warrants, which they could exchange for federal land, totaling 142,900 acres (578 km ). Later in 1792,

210-655: The Northwest Indian Wars , in which a coalition of native American tribes tried to expel American settlers from this territory. They were finally defeated in 1794 in the Battle of Fallen Timbers . On April 21, 1792, Congress authorized the Donation Tract , an area of 100,000 acres located along the northern border of the Ohio Company lands, hoping to rapidly create a buffer zone sheltering Ohio Company lands from native American incursions. Congress offered

240-725: The Northwest Territory from the United States in 1787, but their purchases were not patented by Congress until 1792. Early settlers on these lands followed national guidelines for settling the West and respected the government a great deal, likely because of their role in the Revolution. The founders of the Ohio Company promoted orderly and nationalistic western expansion. The founders of the company began to worry about problems that arose as more individuals bought into

270-804: The Ohio Company , was a land company whose members are today credited with becoming the first non- Native American group to permanently settle west of the Allegheny mountains. In 1788 they established Marietta, Ohio , as the first permanent settlement of the new United States in the newly organized Northwest Territory . The company was formed between March 1 and March 3, 1786, by Rufus Putnam , Benjamin Tupper , Samuel Holden Parsons and Manasseh Cutler in Boston, Massachusetts . They had met at The Bunch-of-Grapes tavern, located on King Street, to discuss

300-611: The United States government was selling land in the Ohio Country , mostly to companies that promised to develop it. A group of squatters had moved up to this area and settled along flood plain , or "bottom" land, of the Muskingum River , some 30 mi (48 km) north of an Ohio Company of Associates settlement at Marietta, Ohio . The settlement was raided by Lenape and Wyandot warriors seeking to expel

330-486: The "Big Bottom Massacre" by settlers and other Americans. According to the Ohio Historical Society, nine men, a woman and two children were killed in the attack. Colonel Stacy's sons, John Stacy and Philip (Philemon) Stacy, were among the casualties. John was killed directly in the attack, and Philemon was taken captive, dying later. The attack led to United States retaliation. Conflicts continued in

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360-515: The Act of October 23, 1787, which authorized Congress to make contracts of public lands for not less than one million acres. On October 27, 1787, the Treasury Board under Secretary William Duer finalized the Ohio Company's purchase. Their first contract was for the Ohio Company to purchase 1,500,000 acres (6,000 km²) of land at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers, from a point near

390-660: The Muskingum on land where the Company did not hold title. Tensions were rising with indigenous Americans in the area. In late December 1790, Colonel William Stacy , a war veteran, ice skated 30 miles up the frozen Muskingum River to warn two of his sons at the Big Bottom settlement about the risk of an attack. Several days later on January 2, 1791, the settlement was raided from the north by Lenape and Wyandot warriors, who killed several settlers. This would go on to be dubbed

420-523: The Ohio Company purchased another 214,285 acres (867.18 km ) in Morgan , Hocking , Vinton and Athens counties, using these bounties, with the 1/3 discount for bad lands, as in the first purchase. The Second Purchase had no sections set aside for schools or ministry. The Second Purchase is also known as the Purchase on the Muskingum . In 1796, the Ohio Company divided its shares and ceased to be

450-497: The Ohio Company, but on the July 27, Congress authorized a grant of about 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km²) of land for $ 3,500,000; a reduction of one-third was allowed for bad tracts, and it was also provided that the lands could be paid for in United States securities. On the same day, Cutler and Sargent for themselves and associates transferred to William Duer, then Secretary of the Treasury Board, and his associates one equal moiety of

480-743: The Ohio Country until August 1794 when the tribes were defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers . Another marker was posted in 2002 by the Ohio Bicentennial Commission, the Longaberger Company, the Morgan County Bicentennial Committee, and the Ohio Historical Society. This monument reads: The city of Stockport has posted a third sign at the site, reading: Big Bottom, named for the broad Muskingum River Flood Plain, this park

510-519: The Scioto tract of land mentioned in the second contract. Both parties were to be equally interested in the sale of the land, and were to share equally any profit or loss. But, the Scioto Company interest was speculative, and their contract lapsed before they purchased any land. In contrast, the Ohio Company had a genuine plan of settlement. The company made its first installment of $ 500,000, but

540-484: The West. The Company's power structure favored the Eastern part of the territory, and settlers in the West were not well represented. Westerners wanted protection from Indians, but funds were low and the Ohio company refused. Armed conflict soon broke out between settlers and the native American tribes who wanted to expel them. A group of about thirty-six Company settlers had gone upriver from Marietta, squatting east of

570-625: The adjacent Seven Ranges under the procedure of the Land Ordinance of 1785 . In 1788, General Rufus Putnam laid out the plans for Marietta, the first permanent settlement in the present state of Ohio. The Ohio Company sent pioneers from New England to the Northwest Territory. Their first purchase was in Washington , Meigs , Gallia , Lawrence and Athens counties . Difficulties with Native Americans during

600-739: The incorporation in the Northwest Ordinance of the paragraphs that prohibited slavery , provided for land for public education and for the support of the ministry . The Ohio Company's purchase was enabled first by the passage on July 13, 1787, of the "Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States Northwest of the River Ohio," commonly known as the Northwest Ordinance , and second, by

630-484: The interlopers. They stormed the incomplete blockhouse and killed eleven men, one woman, and two children. (Accounts vary as to the number of casualties.) The Native Americans captured three settlers, with at least one dying later, while four others escaped into the woods. The Ohio Company of Associates sought to provide greater protection for settlers in the Northwest Territory, as the conflicts became more widespread. A coalition of Native American tribes fought to expel

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660-522: The land company, and began to assert their own goals by striking out into territory where the Company did not have title. Armed confrontations with native American tribes threatened the Company's settlement at Marietta . A financial crisis in New York was hurting the investors as well as the company treasury. The company struggled to integrate interests between settlers and investors in the East and those in

690-494: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Bottom&oldid=1245883651 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Big Bottom massacre Following the American Revolutionary War ,

720-736: The newcomers and preserve their lands. The war did not end until 1794. The Ohio History Connection manages the three-acre Big Bottom Park site, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places . In addition to the markers noted below, the site features a 12 ft (3.7 m)-tall marble obelisk, picnic tables, and information signs about the site's history. In the Gnadenhutten Massacre of 1782, Revolutionary militia forces had killed ninety-six unarmed Christian Lenape men, women and children, although this group were considered friendly and were neutral in

750-518: The settlement of the territory around the Ohio River . On March 8, 1787, Parsons, Putnam, and Cutler were chosen as directors, and Winthrop Sargent was elected secretary. On August 30, 1787, James Mitchell Varnum was elected as a director, and Richard Platt as treasurer. Later directors included Griffin Greene upon the death of Varnum, and Robert Oliver upon the death of Parsons. Cutler

780-411: The site of present-day Marietta , to a point nearly opposite present-day Huntington, West Virginia , for a payment of $ 1 million in government securities, then worth about 12¢ specie to the dollar. The contract also provided that one section of land in every township be devoted to the maintenance of public schools, another section be set apart for religious uses, and two entire townships be reserved for

810-511: The war. The attack took place at their Gnadenhutten settlement on the northern part of the Muskingum River . The terminus of this river was south at the Ohio. Later in 1789, the Treaty of Fort Harmar was signed between the United States and what an American recorded as an "...   unrepresentative gathering of undistinguished chiefs   ..." The land of the Wyandot was reduced by the treaty, but in Ohio control of their and other tribal lands

840-670: Was sent to New York to negotiate with the Congress of the Confederation to help the company secure a claim on a portion of the land. While there, Cutler aligned himself with William Duer , secretary of the U.S. Treasury Board. Duer and his associates formed a group of New York speculators who were determined to see settlement of the area west of the Appalachians . At this time, Congress desperately needed revenue. The prospect of sales of land helped settle controversy and secure

870-606: Was still under dispute. At the same time, the United States government sold off vast tracts of land in the Ohio Country to raise money after the war and satisfy the desires of numerous settlers for lands across the Appalachian Mountains. Tensions increased as American settlers began entering the area. The Ohio Company of Associates , formed by a group of several New England veterans of the American Revolution , organized for land speculation and development. They purchased approximately 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km ) in

900-470: Was unable to raise the second $ 500,000. It settled for a purchase of 750,000 acres (3,000 km ), plus the two townships for College Lands and the reserved School Lands and Ministerial Lands sections in each township, for a total area of 913,833 acres (3,698.15 km ), called the First Purchase. The lands were privately surveyed, but on the same plan of townships, ranges, and sections as

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