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27-525: The building features a three-story section facing Main Street and a nine-story tower to the south joined by an atrium . The building was constructed in 1988 and now encloses a total area of 30,200 m (325,000 sq ft). It includes a retail level as well as the main branch of the Moncton Public Library . The building is currently owned and managed by Slate Office REIT. The largest tenants are

54-420: A wildfire , fire control includes various wildland fire suppression techniques such as defensible space , widening the fuel ladder , and removing fuel in the fire's path with firebreaks and backfires to minimize the brush fire reaching new combustible fuel and spreading further. Many Class B fires (hydrocarbons, petroleum , and similar fuels) cannot be efficiently controlled with water because fuels with

81-467: A Class-D fire is to use a dry powder fire extinguisher, which smothers the fire while absorbing heat. Class-K fires include cooking oils and grease fires, for example animal and vegetable fats. When cooking in the kitchen, it is extremely important to understand what a class K fire is. When a class K fire occurs, water should not be used, as it will disperse the material and cause the fire to grow rapidly. The correct fire extinguisher to use in this instance

108-470: A building's upper stories more quickly. Another downside to incorporating an atrium is that it typically creates unused vertical space which could otherwise be occupied by additional floors. One of the main public spaces at Federation Square , in Melbourne , Australia, is called The Atrium and is a street-like space, five stories high with glazed walls and roof. The structure and glazing pattern follow

135-416: A density less than water (such as gasoline or oil ) float on top, resulting in the fire continuing to burn. In addition, the heat of an intense fire may cause water to flash into steam in an explosion which can spread the flaming fuel more widely. The configuration of some fuels, such as coal and baled waste paper, may result in a deep-seated and burrowing fire, resulting in less effective fire control by

162-457: A dynamic and stimulating interior that provides shelter from the external environment while maintaining a visual link with that environment. Designers enjoy the opportunity to create new types of spaces in buildings, and developers see atria as prestigious amenities that can increase commercial value and appeal. In a domus , a large house in ancient Roman architecture , the atrium was the open central court with enclosed rooms on all sides. In

189-421: A fire extinguisher, it is crucial to understand how the extinguisher works and where to point it. PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) is an acronym to help remember how to use the extinguisher. A Class A Fire is a fire that is fueled by paper, wood, or plastics; it is one of the most common and simplest fire type to put out with a fire extinguisher . This class of fire can be started as a lightning strike that hits

216-418: A sheet of a fire retardant material that is placed over most class types of fires in order to smother them. Sodium bicarbonate dry powder is another sourceable method to smother most class types of fires in effective fire control. Another method to smother the fire is the introduction of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide . Another common type of extinguisher uses the chemical monoammonium phosphate . In

243-455: A tree or from a backyard campfire that releases an ash that ignites nearby material. The most common method to control a Class-A fire is to remove heat by spraying the burning solid fuels with water . Another control method for most class types of fires would be to reduce the oxygen content in the immediate vicinity of the fire (i.e., "smother" the fire), by, simply, covering it with the natural ground soil or mud . A fire blanket consists of

270-406: Is a Class K fire extinguisher, which is usually a wet chemical fire extinguisher. Fires can spread through the interior of a structure as the hot gases spread due to the expansion of the gases as a result of the combustion. Some fires can be partially controlled by venting these gases to the outside through manufactured heat vents in the structure's roof, or by the fire department cutting holes in

297-408: Is released from CO 2 extinguishers to smother the fire and prevent the fire from getting oxygen, which will suppress the fire. Class A extinguishers are meant to be used on fires that have wood, paper, and plastic, Class B fire extinguishers are meant be used on liquid fires such as oils, gasoline, kerosene, and paint, and Class C fire extinguishers are to be used on electrical equipment. When using

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324-782: The Medavie Blue Cross Insurance Company and the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency . It is attached to the BMO building across Main Street via an enclosed, over-road pedestrian walkway. In 2006 The Blue Cross Centre added a new four-story building to its roster, which expanded the Blue Cross Center by 5,300 m (57,000 sq ft), for a total GLA of 30,200 m. The expansion is connected to the existing building through an enclosed pedestrian walkway. The building encloses

351-536: The interior . Modern atria, as developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries, are often several stories high, with a glazed roof or large windows , and often located immediately beyond a building's main entrance doors (in the lobby ). Atria are a popular design feature because they give their buildings a "feeling of space and light." The atrium has become a key feature of many buildings in recent years. Atria are popular with building users, building designers and building developers. Users like atria because they create

378-401: The application of water on the outer surfaces of the fuel. Class B fires should be extinguished with foam, powder, or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Some Class-B fires can be controlled with the application of chemical fire suppressants. Applying a combination of fire suppressant foam mixed with water is a common and effective method of forming a blanket on top of the liquid fuel, which eliminates

405-431: The fire by depriving it of fuel , oxygen , or heat (see fire triangle ). Fire prevention and control is the prevention, detection, and extinguishment of fires, including such secondary activities as research into the causes of fire, education of the public about fire hazards, and the maintenance and improvement of fire-fighting equipment. The three main components of a fire are fuel, heat and oxygen; without any one of

432-402: The middle of the atrium was the impluvium , a shallow pool sunken into the floor to catch rainwater from the roof. Some surviving examples are beautifully decorated. The opening in the ceiling above the pool ( compluvium ) called for some means of support for the roof, and it is here where one differentiates between five different styles of atrium. As the centrepiece of the house, the atrium

459-449: The oxygen needed for combustion. Class-C fires involve electricity as a continuous power source for the ignition of the fuels associated with electrical equipment, such as plastic cable jackets. The application of water does not always result in effective fire control, and there is a general concern regarding conductivity and personnel safety, possibly resulting in electrical shock . Class C fires can be effectively controlled by removing

486-662: The oxygen with a dry powder (typically monoammonium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate ) or carbon dioxide, dry chemical ABC extinguisher. The source of electricity also needs to be removed to eliminate re-ignition. Once the electricity is removed, the result is a Class A or B fire, where foam or dry chemical powder can be used to further control the fire. Class-D fires include combustible or pyrophoric metals, such as potassium, uranium, sodium, lithium, calcium, and plutonium. The most common fires that occur in Class D are fueled by magnesium and titanium. The recommended method to extinguish

513-399: The roof. Ventilation is important when it comes to the fire service, since it is "the systematic removal or heat, smoke and fire gases from a structure". The main purpose for ventilating a fire is to decrease the likelihood of a flashover from occurring. The best time to ventilate is before sending anyone into a structure so that the path the fire will take is through the roof and not through

540-575: The system of fractals used to arrange the panels on the rest of the facades at Federation Square. In Nashville, Tennessee , U.S., the Opryland Hotel hosts 4 different large atria, spanning 9 acres (36,000 m ) of glass ceiling in total, in the hotel above the gardens of: Delta, Cascades, Garden-Conservatories, and Magnolia. When it opened in 2019, the Leeza SOHO in Beijing , had

567-484: The term atrium is not usually used to describe Islamic architecture ). The 19th century brought the industrial revolution with great advances in iron and glass manufacturing techniques. Courtyards could then have horizontal glazing overhead, eliminating some of the weather elements from the space and giving birth to the modern atrium. Fire control is an important aspect of contemporary atrium design due to criticism that poorly designed atria could allow fire to spread to

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594-462: The three, the fire cannot survive. In the United States and some other countries fires are classified as Class-A, Class-B, Class-C, Class-D, and Class-K; different classifications may exist in other countries. Each class is a specific type of fire that requires a specific control method based on its cause. Understanding the cause is essential so that the correct fire extinguisher is used; if

621-495: The two sides with an all-glass Atrium. The atrium incorporates several large planters, a fountain, 4 indoor overhead walkways, 2 glass elevators, and several shops. Atrium (architecture) In architecture , an atrium ( pl. : atria or atriums) is a large open-air or skylight -covered space surrounded by a building . Atria were a common feature in Ancient Roman dwellings , providing light and ventilation to

648-408: The water cistern fed by water seeping through the porous bottom of the overlying impluvium. The atrium contributed to the passive cooling of the house. The term was also used for a variety of spaces in public and religious buildings, mostly forms of arcaded courtyards, larger versions of the domestic spaces. Byzantine churches were often entered through such a space (as are many mosques , though

675-608: The world's tallest atrium at 194 metres (636 ft), replacing the previous record-holder, the Burj Al Arab in Dubai . The Luxor Hotel , in Las Vegas , Nevada , has the largest atrium in the world (by volume) at 29 million cubic feet (820,000 m ). Fire control Fire control is the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire , reducing the area over which the fire exists, or suppressing or extinguishing

702-471: The wrong extinguisher is used, it can either make the fire worse or fail to control it. For example, using a type A, B, C fire extinguisher on a chemical fire will do the opposite of what the extinguisher is supposed to do and can cause an explosion. The different types of fire extinguishers include CO 2 fire extinguishers, type A, B, or C carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, dry chemical powder extinguishers, and water-based fire extinguishers. Carbon dioxide

729-422: Was the most lavishly furnished room. Wealthier houses often included a marble cartibulum , an oblong marble table supported by trapezophoros pedestals depicting mythological creatures like winged griffins. Also, it contained the little chapel to the ancestral spirits ( lararium ), the household safe ( arca ) and sometimes a bust of the master of the house. The cylindrical puteal (a wellhead) gave access to

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