Bluedawn was an indie folk rock duo from South Korea .
50-453: The band members included Dawn (real name: Han Hui-Jeong, 한희정; voice, acoustic guitar , piano and programming) and Ssoro (sometimes spelled "Sorrow"; real name: Jeong Sang-Hun, 정상훈; electric guitar , acoustic guitar, voice, and programming). The group was active in the early 2000s and released two albums and one CD containing two EPs. Their 2003 album Bluedawn features the additional musicians Orange_drink (drums) and yjroom (electric guitar) on
100-434: A carpenter . In 1833, a dynastic war broke out, and soon after Torres was conscripted into the army. Through his father's machinations, young Antonio was dismissed as medically unfit for service. As only single men and widowers without children were subject to conscription, in 1835 his family pushed Torres into a hastily arranged marriage to Juana María López, the 13-year-old daughter of a shopkeeper . Children soon followed:
150-494: A violin family instrument (a trait found in some electric guitars such as the ES-335 and ES-175 models from Gibson). This coupling is most efficient because here the impedance matching is perfect: it is air pushing air. A guitar has several sound coupling modes: string to soundboard, soundboard to cavity air, and both soundboard and cavity air to outside air. The back of the guitar also vibrates to some degree, driven by air in
200-488: A Helmholtz resonator, the air at the opening is vibrating in or out of phase with the air in the box and in or out of phase with the strings. These resonance interactions attenuate or amplify the sound at different frequencies, boosting or damping various harmonic tones. Ultimately, the cavity air vibrations couple to the outside air through the sound hole, though some variants of the acoustic guitar omit this hole, or have f {\displaystyle f} holes, like
250-533: A china and crystal shop on the Calle Real. About five years later, Torres began his "second epoch" (as he referred to it on the labels of his guitars), building part-time when not busy in the china shop. After the death of his wife Josefa, in 1883, Torres began to devote increasing amounts of time to building guitars, making somewhere around 12 guitars a year until his death in La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería at
300-413: A clear, balanced, firm, and rounded tone that projects very well. His guitars were widely imitated and copied. Because he never signed his guitars, and only numbered those from his second epoch, many fake Torres have been made, some by well-known and expert makers. While the overall pattern of the modern classical guitar derives from Torres, there are some differences between Torres's classical guitars and
350-585: A daughter in 1836, another in 1839, and a third in 1842, who died a few months later. His second daughter also died. In 1845 his wife died at the age of 23, of tuberculosis . These were difficult years for Torres, who was often in debt and forced to look for more lucrative forms of employment. Although there is some debate as to who taught Torres, one theory is that sometime around 1842, Torres may have gone to work for José Pernas in Granada , rapidly learning to build guitars. He soon returned to Seville and opened
400-402: A full waist. Because of the smaller body, grand concert guitars have a more controlled overtone and are often used for their sound projection when recording. Auditorium – Similar in dimensions to the dreadnought body shape, but with a much more pronounced waist. This general body shape is also sometimes referred to as an "Orchestra" style guitar depending on the manufacturer. The shifting of
450-442: A guitar's cavity resonates with the vibrational modes of the string and soundboard. At low frequencies, which depend on the size of the box, the chamber acts like a Helmholtz resonator , increasing or decreasing the volume of the sound again depending on whether the air in the box moves in phase or out of phase with the strings. When in phase, the sound increases by about 3 decibels. In opposing phase, it decreases about 3 decibels. As
500-401: A left-handed guitar) across the strings , while the opposite ("fretting") hand is in chord formation. This can be done with or without a guitar pick , depending on if the guitarist wants a crisp or more dull and blended sound, respectively. There are many common strumming patterns, which are played based on the specific time signature of a given song. Simple on-beat strumming is typically
550-441: A letter to Francisco Rodríguez Torres, mentioning the following explanation Torres made when he, at the age of 68 was asked by the famous father Garzón at a dinner about his "secret" of how to make his outstandingly sounding guitars: "[...] smilingly [Torres] responded: 'Father, I am very sorry that a man like you also falls victim to that idea that runs among ignorant people, Juanito (that is how he addressed me) has been witness to
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#1732773258500600-519: A mixer or amplifier. A Piezo pickup made by Baldwin was incorporated in the body of Ovation guitars, rather than attached by drilling through the body; the combination of the Piezo pickup and parabolic ("roundback") body helped Ovation succeed in the market during the 1970s. Magnetic pickups on acoustic guitars are generally mounted in the sound hole, and are similar to those in electric guitars. An acoustic guitar with pickups for electrical amplification
650-437: A process called mechanical impedance matching . The soundboard can move the air much more easily than the string alone, because it is large and flat. This increases the entire system's energy transfer efficiency, and musicians emit a much louder sound. In addition, the acoustic guitar has a hollow body, and an additional coupling and resonance effect increases the efficiency of energy transmission in lower frequencies. The air in
700-471: A shop on the Calle de Cerrajería No. 7 that he shared with Manuel Soto y Solares. Although he made some guitars during the 1840s, it was not until the 1850s on the advice of the renowned guitarist and composer Julián Arcas , that Torres made it his profession, and he began building in earnest. Julián Arcas offered Torres advice on building, and their collaboration turned Torres into an inveterate investigator of
750-420: A string with in a given picking pattern. When strings are plucked downward, this technique produces a clear and articulate sound that adds movement and melody to a song. A variation of fingerstyle is "percussive fingerstyle," where guitarists combine traditional fingerstyle with rhythmic taps or hits on the body of the guitar to imitate a percussion sound. An example of a song featuring the fingerstyle technique
800-415: Is " Landslide " by Fleetwood Mac , where you hear plucked moving notes rather than full strums. Slide guitar is a common technique that can be played on acoustic, steel acoustic, and/or electric guitars. It is primarily used in the blues, rock, and country genres. When playing with this technique, guitarists wear a small metal, glass, or plastic tube on one of their fretting hand fingers and slide it across
850-418: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Acoustic guitar An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in the string family. When a string is plucked, its vibration is transmitted from the bridge, resonating throughout the top of the guitar. It is also transmitted to the side and back of the instrument, resonating through the air in the body, and producing sound from the sound hole. While
900-423: Is called an acoustic-electric guitar . In the 2000s, manufacturers introduced new types of pickups to try to amplify the full sound of these instruments. This includes body sensors, and systems that include an internal microphone along with body sensors or under-the-saddle pickups. Historical and modern acoustic guitars are extremely varied in their design and construction. Some of the most important varieties are
950-520: The Renaissance . Later, Spanish writers distinguished these instruments into two categories of vihuelas. The vihuela de arco was an instrument that mimicked the violin, and the vihuela de Penola was played with a plectrum or by hand. When it was played by hand it was known as the vihuela de mano. Vihuela de mano shared extreme similarities with the Renaissance guitar as it used hand movement at
1000-441: The classical guitar (Spanish Guitar/Nylon-stringed), steel-string acoustic guitar and Colombian tiple . Common body shapes for modern acoustic guitars, from smallest to largest: Range – The smallest common body shape, sometimes called a mini jumbo , is three-quarters the size of a jumbo-shaped guitar. A range shape typically has a rounded back to improve projection for the smaller body. The smaller body and scale length make
1050-465: The fretboard rather than pressing firmly on singular frets . The picking hand either strums or plucks as normal. This produces a smooth and blended transition between notes and chords, called glissando . An example of a song featuring the slide technique is " For Emma, Forever Ago " by Bon Iver , in which a seamless sliding melody over the song can be heard. Antonio Torres Jurado Antonio de Torres Jurado (13 June 1817 – 19 November 1892)
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#17327732585001100-455: The 1960s, Ovation 's parabolic bowls dramatically reduced feedback, allowing greater amplification of acoustic guitars. In the 1970s, Ovation developed thinner sound-boards with carbon-based composites laminating a thin layer of birch, in its Adamas model, which has been viewed as one of the most radical designs in the history of acoustic guitars. The Adamas model dissipated the sound-hole of the traditional soundboard among 22 small sound-holes in
1150-547: The Spanish Middle Ages with a round back, like that of the lute . Modern guitar-shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era, when the body and size began to take a guitar-like shape. The earliest string instruments related to the guitar and its structure were broadly known as vihuelas within Spanish musical culture. Vihuelas were string instruments that were commonly seen in the 16th century during
1200-517: The age of 75. Torres guitars are divided into two periods: the first belonging to Sevilla from 1852 to 1870, the second being the years 1871–1893 in Almería. The guitars Torres made were so superior to those of his contemporaries that their example changed the way guitars were built, first in Spain , and then in the rest of the world. Although they are not particularly loud by modern standards, they have
1250-543: The cavity and mechanical coupling to the rest of the guitar. The guitar—as an acoustic system—colors the sound by the way it generates and emphasizes harmonics, and how it couples this energy to the surrounding air (which ultimately is what we perceive as loudness). Improved coupling, however, comes costing decay time, since the string's energy is more efficiently transmitted. Solid body electric guitars (with no soundboard at all) produce very low volume, but tend to have long sustain. All these complex air coupling interactions, and
1300-412: The first and least complex technique that guitarists learn. Guitarists can also alternate patterns or emphasize strums on specific beats to add rhythm, character, and unique style to a song. An example of a song featuring the strum technique is " Free Fallin' " by Tom Petty , where you hear full open chord strums. Fingerstyle, also known as fingerpicking, involves a patterned plucking of the strings with
1350-505: The first time. Tárrega, who was then aged seventeen, had come to Seville from Barcelona to buy a Torres guitar from the maker of Julián Arcas' instrument. Torres offered him a modest guitar he had in stock, but on hearing him play, offered him a much better guitar that he had made for himself a few years before. About 1870, Torres, who was then in his 50s, closed his shop in Seville and moved back to Almería where he and his wife opened up
1400-422: The form and structure of the modern guitar was established by Spanish guitar maker Antonio Torres Jurado who increased the size of the guitar body, altered its proportions, and made use of fan bracing, which first appeared in guitars made by Francisco Sanguino in the late 18th century. The bracing pattern, which refers to the internal pattern of wood reinforcements used to secure the guitar's top and back to prevent
1450-420: The guitar construction. Torres reasoned that the soundboard was key. To increase its volume, he not only made his guitars larger, but fitted them with thinner, hence lighter soundboards that were arched in both directions, made possible by a system of fan bracing for strength. These bracing struts were laid out geometrically, based on two isosceles triangles joined at their base creating a kite shape, within which
1500-433: The guitar's six strings are tuned (low to high) E 2 A 2 D 3 G 3 B 3 E 4 . Guitar strings may be plucked individually with a pick (plectrum) or fingertip, or strummed to play chords . Plucking a string causes it to vibrate at a fundamental pitch determined by the string's length, mass, and tension. ( Overtones are also present, closely related to harmonics of the fundamental pitch.) The string causes
1550-641: The increasing of the guitar top area; the popularity of Martin's larger " dreadnought " body size among acoustic performers is related to the greater sound volume produced. These innovations allowed guitars to compete with and often displace the banjos that had previously dominated jazz bands. The steel-strings increased tension on the neck; for stability, Martin reinforced the neck with a steel truss rod , which became standard in later steel-string guitars. An acoustic guitar can be amplified by using various types of pickups or microphones. However, amplification of acoustic guitars had many problems with audio feedback . In
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1600-406: The instrument from collapsing under tension, is an important factor in how the guitar sounds. Torres' design greatly improved the volume, tone, and projection of the instrument, and it has remained essentially unchanged since. The acoustic guitar's soundboard, or top, also has a strong effect on the loudness of the guitar. Woods that are good at transmitting sound, like spruce, are commonly used for
1650-698: The modern instrument. Torres's guitars all had soundboards of European spruce ; now western red cedar is also frequently used. Luthiers have continued to develop the bracing of the soundboard, but most still use some version of the fan-bracing that Torres's pioneered. Torres's guitars were strung with gut trebles and basses of silk threads, overwound with silver. Since the 1950s almost all classical guitars have been strung with nylon. The tuning heads of Torres's guitars were often set with traditional ebony friction pegs, similar to those of other string instruments. His later instruments were fitted with mechanical tuners , which are universal on classical guitars today. This
1700-464: The most notable being the Gibson J-45. Jumbo – The largest standard guitar body shape found on acoustic guitars. Jumbo is bigger than an Auditorium but similarly proportioned, and is generally designed to provide a deep tone similar to a dreadnought's. It was designed by Gibson to compete with the dreadnought, but with maximum resonant space for greater volume and sustain. The foremost example of
1750-407: The original, general term for this stringed instrument is guitar , the retronym 'acoustic guitar' – often used to indicate the steel stringed model – distinguishes it from an electric guitar , which relies on electronic amplification. Typically, a guitar's body is a sound box , of which the top side serves as a sound board that enhances the vibration sounds of the strings. In standard tuning
1800-428: The picking hand. This technique focuses on playing specific notes in a melodic pattern, rather than full chord strums. Guitarists use their thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, which are notated as "p" (as in pulgar), "i" (as in indice), "m" (as in medio), and "a" (as in annular), respectively, based on the Spanish language. This "PIMA" acronym in sheet music or tabs tells guitarists which picking hand finger to pluck
1850-444: The range guitar an option for players who struggle with larger body guitars. Parlor – Parlor guitars have small compact bodies and have been described as "punchy" sounding with a delicate tone. It normally has 12 open frets. The smaller body makes the parlor a more comfortable option for players who find large body guitars uncomfortable. Grand Concert – This mid-sized body shape is not as deep as other full-size guitars, but has
1900-468: The resonant properties of the panels themselves, are a key reason that different guitars have different tonal qualities. The sound is a complex mixture of harmonics that give the guitar its distinctive sound. Classical gut-string guitars lacked adequate projection, and were unable to displace banjos until innovations introduced helped to increase their volume. Two important innovations were introduced by United States firm C.F. Martin : steel strings and
1950-555: The secret many times, but it is impossible for me to leave the secret behind for posterity; this will go to the tomb with me for it is the result of the feel of the tips of the thumb and forefinger communicating to my intellect whether the soundboard is properly worked out to correspond with the guitar maker's concept and the sound required of the instrument'. Everyone was left convinced that the artistic genius cannot be passed on [...]" In 1868, Torres married again, wedding Josefa Martín Rosada. Shortly after, Torres met Francisco Tárrega for
2000-561: The song "Sonyeon" ("소년"). The duo disbanded in late 2006 or early 2007, following the recording of their final album, When Spring Comes (보옴이 오면). Dawn is expected to release her first solo album on the Pastel Music label. On November 16, 2012, Jeong Sang-Hun announced on his Twitter account that Bluedawn would be reuniting to release a Christmas album in December 2012. This article on a South Korean band or other musical ensemble
2050-499: The sound hole or sound chamber of the instrument to create music. By 1790 only six-course vihuela guitars (six unison-tuned pairs of strings) were being created and had become the main type and model of guitar used in Spain. Most of the older 5-course guitars were still in use but were also being modified to a six-coursed acoustical guitar. Fernando Ferandiere's book Arte de tocar la Guitarra Española por Música (Madrid, 1799) describes
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2100-405: The soundboard and the air enclosed by the sound box to vibrate. As these have their own resonances, they amplify some overtones more strongly than others, affecting the timbre of the resulting sound. The guitar likely originated in Spain in the early 16th century, deriving from the guitarra latina . Gitterns (small, plucked guitars), were the first small, guitar-like instruments created during
2150-412: The soundboard. No amplification occurs in this process, because musicians add no external energy to increase the loudness of the sound (as would be the case with an electronic amplifier). All the energy is provided by the plucking of the string. Without a soundboard, however, the string would just "cut" through the air without moving it much. The soundboard increases the surface of the vibrating area in
2200-414: The standard Spanish guitar from his time as an instrument with seventeen frets and six courses with the first two 'gut' strings tuned in unison called the terceras and the tuning named to 'G' of the two strings. The acoustic guitar at this time began to take the shape familiar in the modern acoustic guitar. The coursed pairs of strings eventually became less common in favor of single strings. Around 1850,
2250-513: The struts were set out symmetrically. While Torres was not the first to use this method he was the one who perfected the symmetrical design. To prove that it was the top, and not the back and sides of the guitar that gave the instrument its sound, in 1862 he built a guitar with back and sides of papier-mâché . (This guitar resides in the Museu de la Musica in Barcelona, and before the year 2000 it
2300-493: The style is the Gibson J-200 , but like the dreadnought, most guitar manufacturers have at least one jumbo model. The acoustic guitar is played in a variety of different genres and musical styles, with each featuring different playing techniques. Some of the most commonly used techniques are: Strumming involves a rhythmic upward and downward motion of the picking hand (right if playing a right-handed guitar; left if playing
2350-417: The upper chamber of the guitar, yielding greater volume and further reducing feedback during amplification. Another method for reducing feedback is to fit a rubber or plastic disc into the sound hole. The most common types of pickups used for acoustic guitar amplification are piezo and magnetic pickups. Piezo pickups are generally mounted under the bridge saddle of the acoustic guitar and can be plugged into
2400-547: The waist provides different tones to stand out. The auditorium body shape is a newer body when compared to the other shapes such as dreadnought. Dreadnought – This is the classic guitar body shape. The style was designed by Martin Guitars to produce a deeper sound than "classic"-style guitars, with very resonant bass. The body is large and the waist of the guitar is not as pronounced as the auditorium and grand concert bodies. There are many Dreadnought variants produced, one of
2450-425: Was a Spanish guitarist and luthier , and "the most important Spanish guitar maker of the 19th century." It is with his designs that the first recognizably modern classical guitars are to be seen. Most acoustic guitars in use today are derivatives of his designs. Antonio de Torres was the son of Juan Torres, a local tax collector, and Maria Jurado. As was common, when he was 12 he started an apprenticeship as
2500-452: Was restored to playable condition by the brothers Yagüe, Barcelona). There is an anecdote about how he had made a guitar made like a Chinese puzzle that could be assembled without glue and disassembled would fit in a shoe box. There is no evidence that he ever made such a guitar though. During his later years, Torres's close friend, a priest named Juan Martínez Sirvent, lent him a hand in his workshop. Many years later, in 1931 Sirvent wrote
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