42-405: Blue Tiger and Blue Tigers may refer to: Maltese tiger , a suspected (but exceedingly rare) blue-coloured tiger Blue tigers, the butterfly genus Tirumala Tirumala limniace , an Indian milkweed butterfly species Tirumala hamata , another Indian milkweed butterfly species " Blue Tigers ", a 1977 short story ADtranz DE-AC33C ,
84-492: A centrally registered studbook. Before the studbook was established it was thought that this captive population was too small and lacking in genetic diversity for any re-population program to be successful, but since the start of the central register more and more South China tigers have been identified in zoos across China. The word "rewilding" was coined by conservationist and ex-carnivore manager of Pilanesberg National Park , Gus Van Dyk in 2003. Van Dyk, who in an effort to find
126-522: A den. They are born blind and weigh between 780 and 1,600 g (28 and 56 oz). They are suckled at least for the first 8 weeks. The mother teaches them to hunt when they are 6 months old. At the age of 18 to 24 months, the cubs separate from their mother. Man-eating tiger attacks on humans in South China increased dramatically in the Ming and Qing dynasties with vast human population growth and
168-523: A diesel electric railway locomotive, nicknamed the "Blue Tiger" Blue Tiger (film) , a 1994 action/thriller directed by Norberto Barba Blue Tigers, a moniker for the India men's national football team See also [ edit ] Blue Tigresses , the India women's national football team Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
210-461: A polyphyletic grouping are not inherited from a common ancestor, but evolved independently. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies ), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly . The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. These definitions have taken some time to be accepted. When
252-476: A very small part in its diet. Domestic livestock is preyed upon in areas of human encroachment. In the former range of the South China tiger additional tiger prey species may have included serow , tufted deer and sambar . In most cases, tigers approach prey from the side or behind from as close a distance as possible and grasp the prey's throat to kill it. Then they drag the carcass into cover, occasionally over several hundred meters, to consume it. The nature of
294-573: Is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies that is native to southern China. The population mainly inhabited the Fujian , Guangdong , Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. It has been listed as Critically Endangered on the China's Red List of Vertebrates and is possibly extinct in the wild since no wild individual has been recorded since the late 1980s. In the late 1990s, continued survival
336-545: Is lighter and more yellowish and the paws, face, and stomach appear more white; the stripes are narrower, more numerous and more sharp-edged. The South China tiger is the smallest tiger in mainland Asia but bigger than the Sumatran tiger . Males measure from 230 to 265 cm (91 to 104 in), and weigh 130 to 175 kg (287 to 386 lb). Females are smaller and measure 220 to 240 cm (87 to 94 in), and weigh 100 to 115 kg (220 to 254 lb). The length of
378-444: Is listed as critically endangered on China's Red List of Vertebrates (as Panthera tigris amoyensis ). The non-governmental organisation Save China's Tigers , with support of China's State Forestry Administration , has developed a plan to reintroduce captive-born South China tigers into large enclosures in southern China. The main concerns regarding the reintroduction are the availability of suitable habitat and adequate prey, and
420-642: Is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of taxa which meets these criteria: Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A paraphyletic grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A polyphyletic grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of
462-541: The University of Minnesota , Chinese government scientists as well as representatives of Save China's Tigers . The tigers in question were born in captive conditions, in concrete cages, and their parents are all captive animals who are unable to sustain themselves naturally in the wild. The cubs were sent to South Africa as part of the Save China's Tigers project for rewilding and to ensure that they would regain
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#1732790942721504-557: The Chinese Tigers South Africa Trust, secured an agreement on the reintroduction of Chinese tigers into the wild. The agreement, which was signed in Beijing on 26 November 2002, calls for the establishment of a Chinese tiger conservation model through the creation of a pilot reserve in China where indigenous wildlife, including the South China tiger, will be reintroduced. Save China's Tigers aims to rewild
546-497: The Shaanxi Forestry Department announced that its investigation had concluded that the photographs were fake. The originator of the fake photographs was arrested and ultimately sentenced to a 2.5 year prison sentence for fraud and 13 government officials were disciplined (with seven of them removed from office). Monophyly In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms , monophyly
588-606: The South China tiger is considered a relict population of the " stem " tiger. Results of a phylogeographic study indicate that southern China or northern Indochina was likely the center of Pleistocene tiger radiation. In 2017, the Cat Classification Taskforce of the Cat Specialist Group subsumed all mainland Asian tiger populations to P. t. tigris . However, a genetic study published in 2018 supported six monophyletic groups, with
630-654: The South China tiger stretched over a vast landscape of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) from east to west and 1,500 km (930 mi) from north to south in China. From the east it ranged from Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces at about 120°E westward through Guizhou and Sichuan provinces at about 100°E. The most northerly extension was in the Qinling Mountain and Yellow River area at approximately 35°N to its southern extension in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces at 21°N. The South China tiger population
672-648: The South Chinese tiger being distinct from other mainland Asian populations, thus supporting the traditional concept of six subspecies. In 1905, Hilzheimer first described the South China tiger as similar in height to the Bengal tiger but differing in skull and coat characteristics. Its carnassials and molars are shorter than in the Bengal tiger samples; the cranial region is shorter with orbits set closer together, postorbital processes are larger. Their coat
714-850: The breeding and management program maintained by the Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens since 1994, five were in Guizhou province, and one was in Fujian province. One cub was born in a private reserve known as Laohu Valley Reserve in South Africa in November 2007, the first to be born outside China. Since then, a number of cubs have been produced. As of 2016 , the Laohu Valley Reserve had 19 individuals. China's captive South China tigers have been entered onto
756-532: The captive population of South China tigers consisted of 57 individuals that showed signs of inbreeding , including reduced genetic diversity and a low rate of successful breeding. In 2007, the global captive population consisted of 72 individuals; there are few captive South China tigers outside China. Few seem to be "pure" South China tigers as there is genetic evidence of cross-breeding with other subspecies. In 2019 there were an estimated 150 South China tigers in captivity within China. 144 of these were part of
798-404: The cladistics school of thought became mainstream in the 1960s, several alternative definitions were in use. Indeed, taxonomists sometimes used terms without defining them, leading to confusion in the early literature, a confusion which persists. The first diagram shows a phylogenetic tree with two monophyletic groups. The several groups and subgroups are particularly situated as branches of
840-488: The consequent encroachment into tiger habitats. About 500 attacks took place during this period, with the average frequency being nearly once per year. According to historical records, all these attacks resulted in deaths numbering from several to over 1,000. In 1957, a tiger allegedly attacked and killed 32 people in Hunan province. In 1973, the South China tiger was classified as protected by controlled hunting . In 1977, it
882-588: The critically endangered South China tiger by bringing a few captive-bred individuals to a private reserve in the Free State province of South Africa for rehabilitation training so that they can regain their hunting instincts. At the same time, a pilot reserve is being set up in China. Once it is ready, the offspring of the trained tigers will be released there, while the original animals will stay in South Africa to continue breeding. The reason South Africa
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#1732790942721924-413: The fact that a monophyletic group includes organisms (e.g., genera, species) consisting of all the descendants of a unique common ancestor. Conversely, the term polyphyly , or polyphyletic , builds on the ancient Greek prefix πολύς ( polús ), meaning "many, a lot of", and refers to the fact that a polyphyletic group includes organisms arising from multiple ancestral sources. By comparison,
966-840: The fitness of the captive population. Landscape-level conservation of wilderness habitat and recovery of wild herbivore populations as prey base for the tiger will be required. A suggested eventual goal was to establish at least three populations, with each population consisting of a minimum of about 15–20 tigers living in a minimum of 1,000 km (390 sq mi) of natural habitat. Cooperative field surveys and workshops have been carried out to identify suitable recovery areas. As of March 1986, 17 Chinese zoos kept 40 pure-bred South China tigers in their collections, including 23 males and 14 females, none of which were wild-born. All were third or fourth generation descendants of one wild tigress from Fujian and five tigers from Guizhou. Notable problems included uneven sex ratio and improper pairing. In 2005,
1008-638: The most appropriate translation of the Chinese term "Yě-huà" ( Chinese : 野化 ), chose to adopt the term "rewilding" to describe Save China's Tigers rewilding project of the South China tiger. Since then, the term "rewilding" has been widely used by wildlife organisations worldwide. The organisation Save China's Tigers, working with the Wildlife Research Center of the State Forestry Administration of China and
1050-620: The necessary skills needed for a predator to survive in the wild. Results of the workshop confirmed the important role of the South China Tiger Rewilding Project in tiger conservation. "Having seen the tigers hunting in an open environment at Laohu Valley Reserve, I believe that these rewilded tigers have the skill to hunt in any environment," Dr. David Smith remarked. Furthermore, Save China's Tigers recovered natural habitat both in China and in South Africa during their attempt to reintroduce South China tigers into
1092-643: The province. On November 16, 2007, online activists found and published the source of the photos, a New Year's picture published by a small company in Zhejiang Province. However, in February 2008, the Shaanxi Forestry Department released an apology, qualifying their earlier statements but without repudiating the pictures' authenticity, writing "We curtly released the discovery of the South China tiger without substantial proof, which reflects our blundering manner and lax discipline." On June 29, 2008,
1134-608: The tail does not usually exceed one half of the head-and-body length. Hair length varies geographically. Greatest documented length of skull in males is 318 to 343 mm (12.5 to 13.5 in) and in females 273 to 301 mm (10.7 to 11.9 in). A sighting in around 1910 of an unusual blue-coloured or "Maltese" tiger outside Fuzhou in the Fujian Province was reported by Harry Caldwell . The skulls described by Hilzheimer originated in Hankou . The historical range of
1176-432: The tiger's hunting method and prey availability results in a "feast or famine" feeding style: they often consume 18–40 kg (40–88 lb) of meat at one time. Tigers mate at any time of the year but breeding is most common from the end of November to the first half of April. Males are ready to begin mating at 5 years old and females at 4 years old. Offspring is born 103 days after mating. Three to six young are born in
1218-537: The title Blue Tiger . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Tiger&oldid=1210789744 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Maltese tiger Panthera tigris subsp. amoyensis (Hilzheimer, 1905) The South China tiger
1260-493: The tree to indicate ordered lineal relationships between all the organisms shown. Further, any group may (or may not) be considered a taxon by modern systematics , depending upon the selection of its members in relation to their common ancestor(s); see second and third diagrams. The term monophyly , or monophyletic , derives from the two Ancient Greek words μόνος ( mónos ), meaning "alone, only, unique", and φῦλον ( phûlon ), meaning "genus, species", and refers to
1302-545: The wild. In 2007, a villager from China's Shaanxi province claimed to have taken 40 digital and 31 film photographs of a wild South China Tiger. The Shaanxi Provincial Forestry Department backed up this claim in a press conference. The photographs aroused suspicion, with many expressing doubts about their authenticity. In November 2007, the Shaanxi Province Forestry Department still "firmly believed" that wild South China tigers exist in
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1344-411: The wild. By 1987, the remnant South China tiger population was estimated at 30–40 individuals in the wild, so that danger of extinction was imminent. During a survey in 1990, South China tiger signs were found in 11 reserves in the mountains of Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, but these data were insufficient to estimate population size. No tigers were directly observed; evidence
1386-536: The wild. In September 2007, a body of an Asian black bear was found in Zhenping County that had possibly been killed and eaten by a South China tiger. In October 2007, a supposed South China tiger attacked a cow in the same county. The tiger is an obligate carnivore . It prefers hunting large ungulates , frequently kills wild boar , and occasionally hog deer , muntjac and gray langur . Small prey species such as porcupines , hares and peafowl form
1428-428: The wild. The goal of preparing captive born tigers for introduction into wild habitat in the former range seems to be possible in the near future. A 2015 study concluded that the project has potential for the reintroduction of South Chinese tigers to their native habitat. It found that the captive-born tigers were capable of stalking and killing several free-ranging prey items, which is important if they are to survive in
1470-538: Was chosen is because it is able to provide expertise and resources, land and prey for the South China tigers. The South China tigers of the project have since been successfully rewilded and are fully capable of hunting and surviving on their own. This project has also been very successful in the breeding of these rewilded South China tigers and 14 cubs have been born in the project, of which 11 survived. These second generation cubs would be able to learn their survival skills from their successfully rewilded mothers directly. It
1512-478: Was classified as protected , and hunting was prohibited. All tiger subspecies are included on CITES Appendix I, banning international trade. All tiger range states and countries with consumer markets have banned domestic trade as well. At the 14th Conference of the Parties to CITES in 2007, an end to tiger farming and stopping domestic trade in farmed tiger products in China were called for. The South China tiger
1554-695: Was conducted in October 2010 in Laohu Valley Reserve in South Africa to assess the progress of the rewilding and reintroduction program of Save China's Tigers . The experts present included Dr. Peter Crawshaw of Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservacão de Mamiferos Carnivoros, Cenap/ICMBIO , Dr. Gary Koehler, Dr. Laurie Marker of the Cheetah Conservation Fund , Dr. Jim Sanderson of Small Wild Cat Conservation Foundation , Dr. Nobuyuki Yamaguchi of Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences of Qatar University , and Dr. J. L. David Smith of
1596-557: Was considered unlikely because of low prey density, widespread habitat degradation and fragmentation, and other environmental issues in China . In the fur trade , it used to be called Amoy tiger. The scientific name Felis tigris var. amoyensis was proposed by Max Hilzheimer in 1905 who described five tiger skulls from Hankou in southern China that differed slightly in shape from Bengal tiger skulls. Analysis of South China tiger skulls showed that they differ in shape from tiger skulls of other regions. Because of this phenomenon
1638-695: Was found in five locations. At the turn of the 21st century, there may still have been some South China tigers in the wild; local people had reported tracks and sightings in Qizimei Mountains Nature Reserve in Hubei province and in Yihuang County of Jiangxi Province. In May 2007, the government of China reported to the CITES secretariat that there is no confirmed presence and declared the goal to reintroduce South China tigers to
1680-481: Was hoped that in 2012 the second-generation tigers born at Laohu Valley Reserve could be released into the wild. Mainstream conservationists have expressed reservations about the project. The WWF says that the money is being spent in the wrong place, and that the Siberian tiger has a better chance of survival. Scientists confirmed the role of rewilding captive populations to save the South China tiger. A workshop
1722-981: Was likely connected to the Siberian tiger population through corridors in the Yellow River basin throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene , before humans interrupted gene flow . In the early 1950s, the South China tiger population was reported to number more than 4,000 individuals in the wild when it became the target of large-scale government 'anti-pest' campaigns promulgated by Mao Zedong 's Great Leap Forward . The effects of uncontrolled hunting were compounded by extensive deforestation and probable reduction in available prey, large-scale relocations of urban populations to rural locations leading to fragmentation of tiger populations and increased vulnerability to local extinction from stochastic events. By 1982, an estimated 150–200 South China tigers remained in
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1764-477: Was limited to sightings of tracks, scrapings and reported sightings by local people. In 2001, field studies were carried out in eight protected areas encompassing 2,214 km (855 sq mi) in five provinces of south-central China using camera traps , GPS technology, and extensive sign surveys, but no evidence of tigers was found. No scats observed by the field team could be positively verified as being from tigers. Evidence for possible tiger prey species
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