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30-477: Bletchley Urban District was an urban district covering the town of Bletchley in the administrative county of Buckinghamshire , England from 1911 to 1974. The district had been created in 1895 as Fenny Stratford Urban District , being renamed to Bletchley Urban District in 1911. When district councils were established under the Local Government Act 1894 , the small town of Fenny Stratford

60-480: A meeting on 14 February 1911 the council decided to seek a change of name for the district and council from Fenny Stratford to Bletchley, with the Bletchley name said to be better recognised by potential residents and businesses looking to invest in the area. The old centre of Fenny Stratford was in decline, whereas the area adjoining Bletchley station was growing to become the more significant commercial centre within

90-845: A practice which was rare before the middle of the 20th century. Examples are the Welsh Language Acts 1967 and 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 . Measures and Acts of the Senedd apply in Wales, but not in England. Following the Government of Wales Act, effective since May 2007, the Senedd can legislate on matters devolved to it. Following a referendum on 3 March 2011 , the Senedd gained direct law-making powers, without

120-594: A reference to "England" in legislation included Wales, and so in 1746, Parliament passed the Wales and Berwick Act 1746 . This specified that in all prior and future laws, references to "England" would by default include Wales (and Berwick-upon-Tweed ). The Wales and Berwick Act was repealed by the Welsh Language Act 1967 , although the statutory definition of "England" created by that Act still applies for laws passed before 1967. In new legislation since then, what

150-463: A result of subsequent legislation, all urban and rural areas in Wales are today covered by 870 communities as sub-entities of 22 unitary authorities (or principal areas ). England and Wales England and Wales ( Welsh : Cymru a Lloegr ) is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom . It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by

180-727: A single parish , while a rural district might contain many. Urban districts were considered to have more problems with public health than rural areas, and so urban district councils had more funding and greater powers than comparable rural districts. Urban districts normally covered smaller towns, usually with populations of fewer than 30,000. When the 1894 Act came into force on 31 December 1894 there had been 753 urban districts, of which 692 had previously been local government districts , 30 had been improvement commissioners districts and 31 were places newly given urban powers in 1894. The number of urban districts initially increased after 1894 as more places sought urban powers, but implementation of

210-638: A time extended to the Antonine/Severan Wall . At that time, most of the native inhabitants of Roman Britain spoke Brythonic languages , and were all regarded as Britons , divided into numerous tribes. After the conquest, the Romans administered this region as a single unit, the province of Britain . Long after the departure of the Romans, the Britons in what became Wales developed their own system of law , first codified by Hywel Dda (Hywel

240-640: The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . The substantive law of the jurisdiction is English law . The devolved Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh : Senedd Cymru ) – previously named the National Assembly for Wales – was created in 1999 under the Government of Wales Act 1998 and provides a degree of self-government in Wales. The powers of the legislature were expanded by the Government of Wales Act 2006 , which allows it to pass its own laws , and

270-779: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 ): these had a slightly higher status and the right to appoint a mayor . Urban districts in the outer London area were absorbed into London Boroughs in 1965 as a consequence of the London Government Act 1963 . All remaining urban districts in England and Wales were abolished in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 , and replaced with a uniform system of larger districts – see Districts of England and Districts of Wales – which often covered both urban and rural areas. Many parish councils in England were created for towns previously covered by urban districts and, as

300-515: The 1894 Act came into force at the end of December 1894. As soon as the new parish and district councils were established, efforts began to create an urban district for Fenny Stratford, removing the town from the Newport Pagnell Rural District. It was decided that the urban district should cover the two parishes of Fenny Stratford and Simpson. The Fenny Stratford Urban District came into force on 1 July 1895, at which point

330-726: The Act also formally separated the Welsh Government from the Senedd. There is no equivalent body for England , which is directly governed by the parliament and government of the United Kingdom . During the Roman occupation of Britain , the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit, except for the land to the north of Hadrian's Wall – though the Roman-occupied area varied in extent, and for

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360-720: The Fenny Stratford Parish Council and Simpson Parish Council were abolished. After elections, the Fenny Stratford Urban District Council held its first meeting on 1 August 1895 at the Bletchley Road Board Schools, when Joseph Baisley, a Liberal , was appointed the first chairman of the council. The Fenny Stratford Urban District was enlarged on 1 April 1898 to also include the parish of Bletchley, with Bletchley Parish Council being abolished. At

390-824: The Good; reigned 942–950) when he was king of most of present-day Wales (compare King of Wales ); in England Anglo-Saxon law was initially codified by Alfred the Great in his Legal Code , c.  893 . However, after the Norman invasion of Wales in the 11th century, English law came to apply in the parts of Wales conquered by the Normans (the Welsh Marches ). In 1283, the English, led by Edward I , with

420-620: The Welsh House of Tudor . The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 then consolidated the administration of all the Welsh territories and incorporated them fully into the legal system of the Kingdom of England. This was in part to update outdated Welsh laws, but also to control Wales alongside England; through these acts, the Welsh could be seen as equals to the English. This was reflected on both Henry VIII and Elizabeth I 's coat of arms where

450-431: The area in 2001, with the part east of the railway line becoming Bletchley and Fenny Stratford and the west side (including historic Bletchley) becoming West Bletchley . The former Bletchley Council Offices was given the address 263 Queensway and was converted to become a Masonic Hall in 1975. Fenny Stratford Urban District Council initially met at the Bletchley Road Board Schools (later renamed Knowles School). In 1901

480-505: The associated urban area that was growing to the east of the railway station. The reduced Bletchley parish after 1866 therefore did not include the railway station which bore its name, but was instead focussed on the older village and rural areas to the west of the railway. Bletchley, Fenny Stratford, and Simpson were all given parish councils subordinate to the Newport Pagnell Rural District Council when

510-519: The biggest army brought together in England since the 11th century, conquered the remainder of Wales , then organised as the Principality of Wales . This was then united with the English crown by the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284. This aimed to replace Welsh criminal law with English law. Welsh law continued to be used for civil cases until the annexation of Wales to England in the 16th century by

540-503: The council tried to purchase the privately owned Fenny Stratford Town Hall at 32 Watling Street to use as its offices and meeting place. However, the Local Government Board would not sanction the necessary loan, instead recommending that the council bought a site and built itself new premises instead. A site was bought later in 1901 at the corner of Victoria Road and Bletchley Road (renamed Queensway in 1966), in between

570-454: The development corporation. Bletchley Urban District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 , with the area becoming part of a non-metropolitan district , the Borough of Milton Keynes on 1 April 1974. Initially, no successor parish was created for the former urban district, and so Bletchley was governed directly by Milton Keynes Borough Council. Parishes were re-established for

600-514: The district. This change of name was agreed by Buckinghamshire County Council and came into effect on 16 May 1911. In 1967 the new town of Milton Keynes was designated, with the Bletchley Urban District being incorporated within its designated area . The Milton Keynes Development Corporation was established to oversee construction of the new town, and Bletchley Urban District Council lost its town planning responsibilities to

630-512: The dragon represented Wales and the lion represented England. As soon as the Tudor dynasty ended with the death of Elizabeth I , however, the red dragon of Wales was dropped and replaced with the unicorn of Scotland with the succession of King James I who demoted Wales' status on the coat of arms and on the first adaptation of the Flag of Great Britain . Prior to 1746, it was not clear whether

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660-463: The law applicable to that business entity. A registered office must be specified as "in Wales" if the company wishes to use a name ending cyfyngedig or cyf , rather than Limited or Ltd. or to avail itself of certain other privileges relating to the official use of the Welsh language. Outside the legal system, the position is mixed. Some organisations combine as "England and Wales", others are separate. The order of precedence in England and Wales

690-650: The need to consult Westminster. This was the first time in almost 500 years that Wales had its own powers to legislate. Each piece of Welsh legislation is known as an Act of Senedd Cymru . For a company to be incorporated in the United Kingdom, its application for registration with Companies House must state "whether the company's registered office is to be situated in England and Wales (or in Wales), in Scotland or in Northern Ireland", which will determine

720-444: The recommendations of a series of county reviews as established by the Local Government Act 1929 saw a net decrease of 159 between 1932 and 1938. In many instances smaller urban districts were merged with their surrounding rural districts, with the result that new districts emerged covering rural as well as urban parishes. At the same time, a number of larger urban districts became municipal boroughs (as already created, in 1835 under

750-477: The two centres of Fenny Stratford and Bletchley. A new building called "Council Offices" was built during 1902, with the architect being John Chadwick of Bletchley. The council held its first meeting in the new building on 13 January 1903. The council remained based at the Council Offices until its abolition. Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland) In England and Wales , an urban district

780-449: Was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected urban district council ( UDC ), which shared local government responsibilities with a county council . In England and Wales , urban districts and rural districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) as subdivisions of administrative counties . A similar model of urban and rural districts

810-615: Was also established in Ireland in 1899, which continued separately in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland after 1921. They replaced the earlier system of urban and rural sanitary districts (based on poor law unions ) whose functions were taken over by the district councils. The district councils also had wider powers over local matters such as parks, cemeteries and local planning. An urban district usually contained

840-595: Was guaranteed under the 1706 Treaty of Union that led to the Acts of Union 1707 , and as a consequence English law—and after 1801 , Irish law —continued to be separate. Following the two Acts of Union, Parliament can restrict the effect of its laws to part of the realm, and generally the effect of laws, where restricted, was originally applied to one or more of the former kingdoms. Thus, most laws applicable to England also applied to Wales. However, Parliament now passes laws applicable to Wales and not to England (and vice versa),

870-554: Was not initially given its own district council, but was included in the Newport Pagnell Rural District . Prior to 1866, the town had straddled the parishes of Bletchley and Simpson . A Fenny Stratford parish had been created in 1866 from part of Bletchley parish, covering the main part of the Fenny Stratford urban area and also extending south-west from it to include Bletchley railway station and

900-444: Was referred to as "England" is now "England and Wales", while subsequent references to "England" and "Wales" refer to those political divisions. There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians for a Wales criminal justice system . England and Wales are treated as a single unit for some purposes, because the two form the constitutional successor to the former Kingdom of England. The continuance of Scots law

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