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58-530: The project was commissioned for Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines to connect their new Bloom Lake mine (opened in 2010) near Fermont, Quebec with the existing Wabush Lake Railway in Wabush, Newfoundland and Labrador . The 36 km (22 mi) Bloom Lake Railway was constructed between 2006 and 2010. All of the railway, except the first 2 km (1.2 mi), are located in Labrador. Iron ore concentrate

116-530: A Hot-Briquetted Iron (HBI) facility in Toledo, Ohio . HBI is a form of DRI that can be used as an alternative to scrap iron. When used as a feedstock, HBI can enable an electric arc furnace to produce more valuable grades of steel. It also operates three coke -making facilities in Burns Harbor, Indiana , Monessen, Pennsylvania , and Warren, Ohio , with an annual capacity of 2.6 million tons, as well as

174-627: A coal mine in Princeton, West Virginia . The company operates many fully-integrated steel mills and finishing facilities in Kentucky , Indiana , Illinois , Ohio , Michigan , Pennsylvania , West Virginia , and North Carolina . It has annual production capacity of approximately 23 million net tons of raw steel. The firm's earliest predecessor was the Cleveland Iron Mining Company , founded in 1847 and chartered as

232-519: A company by Michigan in 1850. Samuel Mather and six Ohio-based associates had learned of rich iron-ore deposits recently discovered in the highlands of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . Soon afterwards, the first Soo Locks opened in 1855, allowing iron ore to be shipped from Lake Superior to Lake Erie . Technological improvements, such as the Bessemer process , made it possible for

290-610: A logging railroad connecting a small sawmill on the old Loup Creek Estate at Robson with the C&;O railroad's main line at Deepwater on the Kanawha River . In 1898, it was rechartered as the Deepwater Railway , with modest plans to extend to nearby coal mines at Glen Jean . Around 1903, the new town of Page became the location of one of the earliest stations on the expanding Deepwater Railway, as well as home of

348-533: A new replica of the VGN's two-story Princeton Passenger Station and Offices had been recently built, the largest such effort in the entire state. A modern structure functionally, while appearing like the original built 100 about years earlier, the new Princeton Station Museum should last for future generations. It hosts a museum to the town's rich railroading heritage and the Virginian Railway . According to

406-564: A route was obtained set which passed around the City of Norfolk (and the N&;W) in a wide, 13-mile long circular path through rural Norfolk County to be headed almost due west again when it reached the site for a new coal pier on the harbor at Hampton Roads at Sewell's Point . By the time the leaders of the big railroads finally realized that the Deepwater and Tidewater railroads were related,

464-444: A sharp increase in the cost of diesel fuel. During the 1970s, Cleveland-Cliffs had large interests in uranium and shale oil fields, as well as the oil and gas drilling industries. It also had holdings in the forest products industry. This interests were sold in the 1980s when the company refocused its efforts on its core iron ore business. After the recessions of 1974–1975 and 1981–1983, Cleveland-Cliffs shrank its operations, closing

522-493: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. ( CCI , formerly Cliffs Natural Resources ) is an American steel manufacturer based in Cleveland, Ohio . They specialize in the mining , beneficiation , and pelletizing of iron ore , as well as steelmaking, including stamping and tooling . The company was the world's 25th-largest steel producer and

580-672: Is a city in and the county seat of Mercer County, West Virginia , United States. The population was 5,872 at the 2020 census . It is part of the Bluefield micropolitan area . The city hosts the Princeton WhistlePigs baseball club of the Appalachian League . Princeton was named after the Battle of Princeton in Princeton, New Jersey , where General Hugh Mercer , the namesake of Mercer County, had died. When

638-411: Is a surviving example of this ship type. For almost a century, the black-hulled Cleveland-Cliffs ships were familiar sights on the upper lakes. Demand for American iron ore hit peaks during World War I , World War II , and the post-World War II consumer boom. In 1933, Edward Greene (the son-in-law of Jeptha Homer Wade II) replaced William G. Mather as the head of the company. The Mather A Mine opened in

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696-701: Is transported by Bloom Lake Railway to Wabush, then on the Wabush Lake Railway to Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador . At Labrador City, the iron ore concentrate is interchanged to the Quebec, North Shore and Labrador Railway for the journey south to the shipping port in Sept-Îles, Quebec . A total of 740 rail cars were purchased for the line. Consolidated Thompson has been subsequently purchased by Cliffs Natural Resources . In 2011, Genesee & Wyoming began control of operations on behalf of

754-524: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.05 square miles (7.90 km ), of which 3.01 square miles (7.80 km ) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km ) is water. The average altitude of Princeton is 2400 ft, with highest points at 3100 ft and lowest points at 1700 ft, above sea level. As of the census of 2010, there were 6,432 people, 3,030 households, and 1,683 families residing in

812-400: The board of directors . Lourenco Goncalves was appointed chairman, president and CEO of the company. The reconstituted Board moved to shift the company's strategic objectives from global diversification to a renewed focus on strengthening its U.S. iron ore business. In December 2015, the company sold its remaining North American coal operations. Cliffs announced plans in early 2016 to close

870-636: The 19th century, and the Rogers fortune to build to the highest standards and acquire the finest equipment and rolling stock, it was widely considered an engineering marvel of the times when completed all the way from Deepwater to reach a port near Norfolk, Virginia on Hampton Roads in 1909, a distance of about 360 miles (580 km).Princeton was designated to be the headquarters of the New River Division, extending from Roanoke westward. The changes from steam to diesel-electric motive power and

928-646: The Black Thor and Black Label, and 47% ownership of the Big Daddy chromite deposits in the Ring of Fire district in the James Bay Lowlands of Ontario, Canada. In July 2010, Cliffs increased its ownership stake in Big Daddy by acquiring Spider Resources for C$ 125 million. In 2015, these assets were sold to rival Noront Resources, owner of a minority stake in Big Daddy, for US$ 20 million. In May 2011,

986-533: The C&O across southern Virginia, roughly paralleling the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W). With the help of Rogers' fortune, they were successful, even in the City of Roanoke , where the N&W had its corporate headquarters and major shops. From Roanoke, the new line ran almost due east, missing major cities and towns, to reach Suffolk . With the help of local leaders in Norfolk, (and more funds from Rogers),

1044-839: The Chuck Mathena Center, which opened in July 2008, contains a 1,000-seat theater and meeting rooms for civic groups and events. Other cultural endeavors include the RiffRaff Arts Collective, the remodeled Princeton Public Library and a Railroad Museum. The Dr. James W. Hale House , Dr. Robert B. McNutt House , and Mercer County Courthouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Mercer Street Historic District and Virginian Railway Yard Historic District are nationally recognized historic districts . The Princeton Whistlepigs

1102-541: The Deepwater Railway continued, William Page's continued efforts to establish reasonable joint rates with the big railroads continued to prove fruitless. To the puzzlement of the leaders of the big railroads, who were unaware of Rogers' financial backing, Page (and Rogers) did not give up. Instead, they quietly expanded their plans again to build to the Virginia state line. This expansion brought right-of-way for

1160-471: The Empire Mine near Marquette, Michigan, terminating the jobs of approximately 400 workers. The company announced on August 15, 2017, that it was returning to its former brand name, Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. In August 2018, the company sold its Asia Pacific iron ore assets. It also sold its Australian assets. On March 13, 2020, the company acquired AK Steel Holding for $ 1.1 billion. In December 2020,

1218-521: The Empire Mine was idled for six months. President George W. Bush enacted the 2002 United States steel tariff that greatly benefitted domestically-produced steel. Benefitting from the tariff, the company embarked upon a strategy to expand globally and to diversify into other minerals, leading to the acquisitions of iron-ore properties in Brazil, Canada and Australia and coal properties in Australia and

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1276-527: The Great Lakes shipping industry. In 1994, the company acquired Northshore Mining in Silver Bay, Minnesota . In early 2001, Cleveland-Cliffs managed LTV Steel Mining Company permanently closed in the wake of Ling-Temco-Vought 's bankruptcy. Later that year, the company cut its dividend by 73% due to low prices. In 2002, Ling-Temco-Vought , a partner in the Empire Mine managed by CCI, closed and

1334-792: The Humboldt Mine in 1960. The Republic Mine was converted from a shaft mine to an open pit and concentrator in 1956 and a two-kiln pellet plant was added in 1962. The Empire Mine opened in 1963 and was expanded in the mid- and late-1970s; the Pioneer Pellet Plant was opened in 1965 to pelletize the underground ore from the Mather B Mine in Negaunee, Michigan . In 1974, the Tilden Mine opened in Ishpeming, Michigan . This mine

1392-543: The Mather B Mine and the Pioneer Pellet Plant and associated Ore Improvement Plant in 1979. The Humboldt Pellet Plant closed in 1981 and the Republic Mine was idled in 1981 and closed for good in 1996, when Cliffs began turning the associated tailings ponds into compensatory wetlands for its other properties. Over half of the Marquette Iron Range employees were laid off and, in 1984, Cliffs withdrew from

1450-517: The North American Great Lakes to produce steel on an industrial scale. The south shore of Lake Erie was near a supply of coal , making that region an efficient point for the construction of steel mills. The company's request for government intervention quashed the Upper Peninsula miners' strike of 1865 . In the late 1800s, the company expanded via acquisitions to gain market share . The former Cleveland Iron Mining Co.

1508-533: The Page Coal and Coke Company. In 1902, William Page enlisted the support of millionaire industrialist Henry H. Rogers as a silent partner to finance the expansion of the Deepwater Railway much further, about 80 miles through Mullens to reach a N&W railroad branch line at Matoaka to open up new territory with untapped deposits of high volatile bituminous coal . Page, Rogers, and other wealthy investors owned much of this land. However, as construction of

1566-544: The US. In 2003, the company, in a joint venture with Laiwu Steel , purchased the assets of bankrupt Eveleth Mines and formed United Taconite LLC. In 2008, it acquired the full ownership for $ 100 million in cash and 1,529,619 common shares. In June 2007, the company acquired PinnOak, its first domestic coal company, which mined coal in Alabama and West Virginia and once belonged to U.S. Steel . Due to its venture into coal,

1624-538: The Union army at one time. Princeton and Mercer County would remain supportive of the Confederacy, and was not included in the original counties that made up the new State of Kanawha , ultimately named West Virginia. By the end of 1865 Judge Nathaniel Harrison was appointed as circuit judge, and Princeton residents shunned him because he was a Confederate turncoat. Princeton slowly rebuilt during Reconstruction, but

1682-473: The VGN's former coal piers and yards at Sewell's Point were redundant with the Lambert's Point operations. They were eventually shut down, and the land became part of the massive U.S. Naval Station Norfolk , the largest Navy base in the world. Most of the unused former VGN Princeton Shops facilities were demolished by 2006. The local residents of Princeton were devastated. However, despite the community's loss,

1740-403: The average family size was 2.79. In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 25.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.7 males. The median income for a household in the city

1798-433: The city. The population density was 2,116.6 people per square mile (816.9/km ). There were 3,371 housing units at an average density of 1,124.2 per square mile (433.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 92.03% White , 6.21% African American , 0.30% Native American , 0.43% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.19% from other races , and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.52% of

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1856-405: The city. The population density was 2,136.9 inhabitants per square mile (825.1/km ). There were 3,489 housing units at an average density of 1,159.1 per square mile (447.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.7% White , 6.3% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.8% Asian , 0.2% from other races , and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.1% of

1914-580: The command of Captain Walter Jenifer, CSA to prevent the Union army from acquiring their supplies. The town was not burned in retaliation or anger toward the residents of Princeton. According to local history, many of the residents of Princeton torched their own homes and moved on from the area. Few structures would remain after the fire. The Robert McNutt house is the only structure that remains in Princeton which, ironically, served as headquarters for

1972-700: The company agreed to be acquired by Japan's Nippon Steel instead for $ 14.9 billion. On July 15, 2024, Cleveland-Cliffs announced that it would acquire Stelco , a Canadian steel manufacturer, for $ 2.5 billion in cash and stock. Cleveland-Cliffs has deposited many of its pre-1981 papers in the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes at Bowling Green State University as well as Central Upper Peninsula Archives at Northern Michigan University . Cleveland-Cliffs reported total CO 2 e emissions (direct + indirect) for December 31, 2020, at 32,200 Kt. Princeton, West Virginia Princeton

2030-475: The company acquired Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines from Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation for C$ 4.9 billion. The acquisition included Bloom Lake iron ore mine in Quebec . On May 5, 2011, the company was added to the Fortune 500 . Its ranking of 477 was based on the company's performance in 2010. in July 2013, CEO Joseph Carrabba announced that he would retire by December 31, 2013. Lead director James Kirsch

2088-612: The company acquired the United States operations of ArcelorMittal for approximately $ 1.4 billion, making it the largest producer of flat-rolled steel and iron ore pellets in North America. In February 2022, Cleveland-Cliffs agreed to pay a $ 3 million settlement related to Clean Water Act violations, including a cyanide and ammonia spill in August 2019 that killed thousands of fish and closed Lake Michigan beaches. After

2146-516: The company changed its name from Cleveland-Cliffs to Cliffs Natural Resources in October 2008. In 2008, the company agreed to acquire Alpha Natural Resources but called off the transaction in November 2008 due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . It paid a $ 70 million breakup fee . In January 2010, the company acquired Freewest Resources Canada for C$ 240 million, giving it 100% ownership of

2204-587: The county was formed in 1837, William Smith donated 1.5 acres of land for the county courthouse in what would become Princeton. Although Princeton did not see any major battles on its soil, there was the Battle of Pigeon Roost, or the Battle of Princeton Courthouse on May 17, 1862, a victory for the Confederates defending the Dublin railroad. Princeton had been burned a couple of weeks earlier on May 1 under

2262-536: The early 1940s and the Mather B shaft in the 1950s. As the Cold War continued, reserves of mineable hematite dwindled in northern Minnesota and Cleveland-Cliffs returned some of its focus to its traditional areas of interest around the Marquette Iron Range , where new deposits of magnetite were opened. The first pellet plant was built at Eagle Mills in 1954, followed by the first grate/kiln plant at

2320-787: The expanded Deepwater Railway line got underway, Page found he was unsuccessful in negotiating fair rates to interchange traffic with either major railroad, nor in interesting them in buying his short line railroad. This was later revealed to be caused by collusion by the leaders of the big railroads, notably Alexander Cassatt , William Kissam Vanderbilt , and Frederick J. Kimball , who sought to control shipping rates and coal prices, and prevent any newcomers from entry. They assumed that any entrepreneurs of modest means, such as William Page appeared to be, would become discouraged and give up. In their experience, building costly enterprises such as railroads customarily meant raising large sums of money through public stock offerings and bonds. As construction on

2378-476: The mergers and consolidations resulted in elimination of many shops and jobs, aggravated by a reduction in coal mining activity in West Virginia. Eventually, all but a few of these jobs in Princeton were eliminated by the late 20th century. The Norfolk and Western Railroad maintained coal piers and export facilities at a major facility near downtown Norfolk known as Lambert's Point . After the 1959 merger,

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2436-508: The owners under the name Western Labrador Rail Services . The new operation encompasses the ARND , Bloom Lake Railway, and WABL . This Canadian rail transport related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transport in Newfoundland and Labrador is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transport in Quebec

2494-543: The planned the Deepwater Railway through Mercer County and Princeton. In Virginia, Page (and Rogers) formed another intrastate railroad, the new Tidewater Railway , which was legally based in Staunton , a city located along the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O). Notwithstanding its corporate location on the C&O, agents for the new Tidewater Railway quietly surveyed and secured rights-of-way many miles away from

2552-409: The population. There were 2,967 households, out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.0% were non-families. 39.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and

2610-442: The population. There were 3,030 households, of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.5% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2668-520: The railroad would eventually bring significant growth to Princeton. In Southern West Virginia , in the late 19th century, coal mining and transportation by the emerging technology of the railroads combined to form a new industry. Much of the region's bituminous coal was sent northwest to the Great Lakes , or northeast to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 's coal piers at Baltimore , or to

2726-548: The rights-of-way were secure, and the new competitor could not be blocked. In 1906, N&W president Lucius E. Johnson was brought to the Standard Oil building at 26 Broadway in New York City by Andrew Carnegie to meet with one of Carnegie's old friends: Henry Huttleston Rogers. N&W corporate records only record that the meeting lasted only a few minutes. Thus, the leaders of the big railroads finally learned

2784-544: The settlement, Cleveland-Cliffs stated it would change its water testing and public announcement procedures. On July 28, 2023, Cleveland-Cliffs executives sent a proposal to U.S. Steel CEO David Burnett, to acquire the company for a total enterprise value of $ 10 billion, in a cash and stock deal. The proposal has been endorsed by the United Steelworkers , but was rejected by US Steel on August 13. Ultimately, Cleveland-Cliffs failed to purchase U.S. Steel as

2842-511: The son of Samuel, guided Cleveland-Cliffs as president and later as chairman of the board from 1890 to 1947, participating in the transition from the hard-rock iron ore of Upper Michigan to the soft hematite of Minnesota's Mesabi Range and adjacent lodes. Under Mather, Cleveland-Cliffs was a leader in the development of the classic-type lake freighter , a bulk-cargo vessel especially designed to carry Great Lakes commodities. The 618-foot-long (188 m) SS. William G. Mather , launched in 1925,

2900-552: The source of William Nelson Page's deep pockets. Despite their collusion, there would be new player in their games. In 1907, the Deepwater and Tidewater were combined to become the Virginian Railway (VGN). Victoria , a new town created in Lunenburg County, Virginia , became the Division Headquarters east of Roanoke. Using more modern techniques than had been available to the older major railroads during

2958-540: The steelmaking process as well as Direct Reduced (DR) grade pellets for use in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) applications. Since the mines are located near the Great Lakes , the majority of the pellets are transported by rail to loading ports for shipments via vessel to steelmakers in North America. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the company sold 12 million, 19 million and 21 million long tons of iron ore product, respectively, to third parties. The company operates

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3016-515: The third-largest in the United States in 2022. It is the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America. Cleveland-Cliffs manages and operates four iron ore mines in Minnesota and two mines in Michigan , one of which, the Empire Mine, has been indefinitely idled. These mines produce various grades of iron ore pellets, including standard and fluxed, for use in blast furnaces as part of

3074-485: The world's greatest ice-free port of Hampton Roads in eastern Virginia . Princeton's location was east of the primary coalfields, and most of the coal mining and railroad activity was initially elsewhere. However, a combination of factors would soon change that, and have profound financial and developmental impact on Princeton. In 1896, engineer William Nelson Page developed the Loup Creek and Deepwater Railway ,

3132-501: Was $ 21,736, and the median income for a family was $ 32,443. Males had a median income of $ 25,347 versus $ 19,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 14,931. About 16.0% of families and 24.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 35.9% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over. All county residents are in the Mercer County School District . The cultural hub

3190-439: Was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age in the city was 42.6 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 26.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.5% male and 53.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,347 people, 2,967 households, and 1,661 families residing in

3248-622: Was a survivor of this shakeout , purchasing many of its competitors. One key merger in 1890, with Jeptha Wade 's Cliffs Iron Company led the combined firm to change its name to the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. The company invested substantially to improve the logistics of iron-ore transport. In 1892, the firm built the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad to carry iron ore from the mines directly to company-owned docks on Lake Superior . William G. Mather ,

3306-485: Was and is the only mine in the world with the ability to produce both hematite and magnetite pellets. In 1970, a high-grade iron-ore mine was opened at Pannawonica in the Pilbara region of Western Australia , with a 200 km (120 mi) rail line to processing facilities at Cape Lambert for which the residential township of Wickham was built. A pellet plant was built but ceased operation before 1980, following

3364-470: Was elected non-executive chairperson in his stead. Gary Halverson, formerly interim chief operating officer of Barrick Gold , was appointed president and chief operating officer in October 2013, and president and chief executive officer in February 2014. At the 2014 annual general meeting , six new directors nominated by activist hedge fund Casablanca Capital were elected, giving the fund control of

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