134-592: Jerome Henry " Jerry " Brudos (January 31, 1939 – March 28, 2006) was an American serial killer and necrophile known as the Lust Killer and the Shoe Fetish Slayer who committed the kidnap , rape, and murder of four young women between 1968 and 1969 in Salem, Oregon . He is also known to have attempted to abduct two other young women. All of Brudos's murders were committed inside either his car or
268-414: A rhinestone -studded clasp while exploring a local junkyard. Brudos took these shoes home, then slipped them on his feet to show his mother. In response, Brudos's mother shrieked he was "wicked" and ordered him to remove the shoes and return them to the junkyard. Upon learning her son had secretly retained the footwear and frequently secretly wore the garments, Brudos's mother severely beat him before burning
402-414: A serial murderer ) is a person who murders three or more people, with the killings taking place over a significant period of time in separate events. Their psychological gratification is the motivation for the killings, and many serial murders involve sexual contact with the victims at different points during the murder process. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) states that
536-560: A "beautiful Korean girl" whom, he stated, sneaked into his bed every evening. Brudos was discharged from the army in October 1959, having been classified as psychologically unfit for military service. He moved back into his parents' two-bedroom home in Corvallis, Oregon , and soon found employment at a local radio station as an electrical engineer. To his colleagues, Brudos was an eminent, proficient and conscientious employee who conveyed
670-561: A "cooling-off period." Cases of extended bouts of sequential killings over periods of weeks or months with no apparent "cooling off period" or "return to normality" have caused some experts to suggest a hybrid category of "spree-serial killer". In Controversial Issues in Criminology , Fuller and Hickey write that "[t]he element of time involved between murderous acts is primary in the differentiation of serial, mass, and spree murderers", later elaborating that spree killers "will engage in
804-439: A 17-year-old girl to accompany him on a date. Upon driving the girl to a deserted road he ordered her to undress; the girl refused, whereupon Brudos dragged her from his car and proceeded to beat her, breaking her nose. The girl's screams and the general altercation attracted the attention of a young couple driving by, who stopped and intervened. Brudos lamely claimed the girl had fallen from the car before changing his story to claim
938-448: A broken-down Rambler alongside Interstate 5 between Salem and Albany . After inspecting Whitney's car, Brudos claimed he could fix her vehicle, but would need to drive her to his home to collect the necessary tools. Whitney and her traveling companions — hitchhikers she had previously picked up — agreed to accompany him, upon the promise the two hitchhikers would first be driven to their intended destination. The two hitchhikers entered
1072-747: A case of a serial murderer in the 1870s, a Frenchman named Eusebius Pieydagnelle who had a sexual obsession with blood and confessed to murdering six people. The unidentified killer Jack the Ripper , who has been called the first modern serial killer, killed at least five women , and possibly more, in London in 1888. He was the subject of a massive manhunt and investigation by the Metropolitan Police , during which many modern criminal investigation techniques were pioneered. A large team of policemen conducted house-to-house inquiries, forensic material
1206-467: A class of 202 students from Corvallis High School in 1957. Two years later, in March 1959, Brudos joined the army, where he trained as a communications technician. Although he became highly skilled in this profession, his military service was largely unremarkable and he gained a reputation among his fellow soldiers as something of a fantasist who repeatedly claimed to be in a casual sexual relationship with
1340-465: A crime reporter, was a career journalist who was caught after a series of articles he wrote gave clues that he had murdered people. Russell Williams was a successful and respected career Royal Canadian Air Force Colonel who was convicted of murdering two women, along with fetish burglaries and rapes. Many serial killers have faced similar problems in their childhood development. Hickey's Trauma Control Model explains how early childhood trauma can set
1474-717: A different fashion; he would then release the girl, explaining he was "Ed. Jerry's twin brother" and feign shock at her account of her ordeal before asking, "He didn't hurt you, did he?" Brudos would then claim his twin brother "Jerry" was "in therapy ...this is going to set him back a bit" before pleading with the girl not to inform anyone of her ordeal and promising to locate and destroy the camera "Jerry" had used. None of these girls were subjected to physical sexual assaults beyond tentative fondling , and all apparently agreed, as none are known to have informed authorities of these experiences. On one occasion in April 1956, Brudos persuaded
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#17327826410821608-486: A health-care facility, or at different locations within the same city or state. A notable exception to the typical characteristics of female serial killers is Aileen Wuornos , who killed outdoors instead of at home, used a gun instead of poison, and killed strangers instead of friends or family. One "analysis of 86 female serial killers from the United States found that the victims tended to be spouses, children or
1742-552: A high degree of control over the crime scene and usually have a solid knowledge of forensic science that enables them to cover their tracks, such as burying the body or weighing it down and sinking it in a river. They follow their crimes in the news media carefully and often take pride in their actions as if it were all a grand project. Often, organized killers have social and other interpersonal skills sufficient to enable them to develop both personal and romantic relationships, friends and lovers and sometimes even attract and maintain
1876-432: A hoax, as originally concluded by psychiatrist David Abrahamsen. Mission-oriented killers typically justify their acts as "ridding the world" of certain types of people perceived as undesirable, such as the homeless , ex-cons , homosexuals , drug users , prostitutes, or people of different ethnicity or religion; however, they are generally not psychotic. Some see themselves as attempting to change society, often to cure
2010-472: A lower mean IQ than organized serial killers, at 89.4. Mixed serial killers, with both organized and disorganized traits, have an average IQ of 100.9, but a low sample size. Some people with a pathological interest in the power of life and death tend to be attracted to medical professions or acquiring such a job. These kinds of killers are sometimes referred to as "angels of death" or angels of mercy. Medical professionals will kill their patients for money, for
2144-424: A mild-mannered demeanor, yet seemed to lack any ambition to advance himself despite being a licensed broadcast technician. Throughout the years Brudos resided with his parents, his mother allowed him to sleep in the second bedroom while his older brother was at college; when his brother returned home, he was forced to sleep in a shed at the rear of the property. On one occasion in approximately 1960, Brudos observed
2278-609: A murderer from South America, killed a minimum of 110 young girls between 1969 and 1980. However, he claims that the number is over 300. He was released from a mental facility in 1998 and his whereabouts are still unknown. He is commonly nicknamed the "Monster of the Andes". An additional non-American serial killer is Luis Garavito from Colombia. Garavito would kill and torture boys using various disguises. He murdered around 140 boys ranging in ages from 8 to 16. He would dump his victims' bodies in mass graves. The serial killing phenomenon in
2412-463: A neighbor's on the belief she had an appointment with the homeowner to potentially sell an encyclopedia. Upon hearing the reason for Slawson's visit, Brudos feigned interest in purchasing a set of encyclopedias to lure her to the basement of his home. As Slawson sat on a stool and began advocating the sale of her encyclopedias, Brudos bludgeoned her about the head with a section of wood, then manually strangled her to death before concealing her body beneath
2546-509: A parent has a drug or alcohol problem, the attention in the household is on the parents rather than the child. This neglect of the child leads to the lowering of their self-esteem and helps develop a fantasy world in which they are in control. Hickey's Trauma Control Model supports how parental neglect can facilitate deviant behavior, especially if the child sees substance abuse in action. This then leads to disposition (the inability to attach), which can further lead to homicidal behavior, unless
2680-428: A pistol at her face and ordering her not to scream. Although Brudos attempted to restrain the young woman with an armlock , Wood fiercely fought her assailant by both biting and kicking him and twisting his wrist as she attempted to divert the pistol muzzle away from herself and toward her attacker while simultaneously biting deeply into Brudos's hand, causing him to slam her head into the concrete floor before fleeing
2814-455: A problem that afflicts the whole society." Lorenzo Carcaterra, author of Gangster (2001), explains how potential criminals are labeled by society , which can then lead to their offspring also developing in the same way through the cycle of violence . The ability for serial killers to appreciate the mental life of others is severely compromised, presumably leading to their dehumanization of others. This process may be considered an expression of
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#17327826410822948-404: A random weapon available at the time, and usually do not attempt to hide the body. They are likely to be unemployed, a loner, or both, with very few friends. They often turn out to have a history of mental illness, and their modus operandi (M.O.) or lack thereof is often marked by excessive violence and sometimes necrophilia or sexual violence. Disorganized serial killers have been found to have
3082-451: A seemingly valuable diamond necklace which turns out, to the protagonist's chagrin, to have been made of paste. Liberal use of rhinestones was associated with country music singers, as well as with singer Elvis Presley and pianist Liberace . In 1974 David Allan Coe released the album The Mysterious Rhinestone Cowboy and referred to himself as The Rhinestone Cowboy again in the 1977 song "Longhaired Redneck." In 1975 Glen Campbell had
3216-559: A sense of sadistic pleasure, for a belief that they are "easing" the patient's pain, or simply "because they can". Perhaps the most prolific of these was the British doctor Harold Shipman . Another such killer was nurse Jane Toppan , who admitted during her murder trial that she was sexually aroused by death . She would administer a drug mixture to patients she chose as her victims, lie in bed with them and hold them close to her body as they died. Another medical professional serial killer
3350-416: A shoelace without opening her eyes or moving her hands. Whitney agreed to the challenge; Brudos then strangled her from behind with a leather luggage strap before raping her body inside the vehicle. He then carried her body into his garage workshop where he dressed her body in differing footwear and lingerie before repeatedly engaging in acts of necrophilia with her corpse. Whitney's body was left hoisted from
3484-412: A small house in a suburb of Salem in the summer of 1968. Their marriage ultimately produced two children: a daughter, Theresa (b.1962) and a son, Brian (b. 1967). To supplement the family income, Brudos occasionally repaired vehicles in the family garage. Brudos was never physically or emotionally abusive towards his wife, although in the early years of their marriage he insisted she frequently walk around
3618-501: A societal ill. Rhinestone A rhinestone , paste or diamante is a diamond simulant originally made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic . Originally, rhinestones were rock crystals gathered from the river Rhine , hence the name, although some were also found in areas like the Alps (the source of the Rhine). Today
3752-526: A spouse and sustain a family including children. Among serial killers, those of this type are in the event of their capture most likely to be described by acquaintances as kind and unlikely to hurt anyone. Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy are examples of organized serial killers. In general, the IQs of organized serial killers tend to be normal range, with a mean of 98.7. Disorganized serial killers are usually far more impulsive, often committing their murders with
3886-424: A top hit with the song " Rhinestone Cowboy " and became known as the "Rhinestone Cowboy." That song served as the basis for the 1984 movie Rhinestone starring Sylvester Stallone and Dolly Parton . The British virtual band Gorillaz released the single " Rhinestone Eyes " in 2010. The closing track on Madvillain 's Madvillainy is titled "Rhinestone Cowboy." Carrie Underwood 's ninth album, released in 2022,
4020-457: A variety of fields and specialties with the goal of identifying the commonalities of knowledge regarding serial murder. The group also settled on a definition of serial murder which FBI investigators widely accept as their standard: "The unlawful killing of two or more victims by the same offender(s) in separate events". Serial homicide researcher Enzo Yaksic found that the FBI was justified in lowering
4154-519: A woman working on her front lawn, she yelled and ran towards the woman, causing Brudos to flee from the scene. Smith described her abductor as being in his early thirties, approximately 6 ft (1.83 m) in height, weighing 200 pounds and wearing dark glasses. All known sex offenders matching this description were investigated, but eliminated as suspects. Salee was a 22-year-old removal firm secretary and part-time Portland State University student from Beaverton, Oregon , whom Brudos abducted from
Jerry Brudos - Misplaced Pages Continue
4288-495: A woman. At the age of sixteen, Brudos dug an underground tunnel and alcove close to his family home; this alcove was created to symbolically enact the developing fantasies within his mind regarding captive women, and he spent numerous hours within this lair at age sixteen mentally hoping to entrap a captive. Although no women were confined at this location, Brudos did lure a neighborhood girl to his bedroom to facilitate his sexual fantasies at age sixteen. Almost immediately upon luring
4422-408: A young woman wearing revealing clothing; he discreetly followed this woman to her Salem apartment, where he strangled her into a semi-conscious state before fleeing with her shoes. This woman was not raped. Shortly thereafter, Brudos observed another attractive young woman wearing high-heeled shoes. He attempted to overpower and strangle this woman; however, this individual fought back, and Brudos fled
4556-682: Is Genene Jones . It is believed she killed 11 to 46 infants and children while working at Bexar County Medical Center Hospital in San Antonio, Texas, United States. She is currently serving a 99-year sentence for the murder of Chelsea McClellan and the attempted murder of Rolando Santos, and became eligible for parole in 2017 due to a law in Texas at the time of her sentencing to reduce prison overcrowding . A similar case occurred in Britain in 1991, where nurse Beverley Allitt killed four children at
4690-544: Is a distinct classification that differs from that of a mass murderer , spree killer , or contract killer , there are overlaps between them. The English term and concept of serial killer are commonly attributed to former Federal Bureau of Investigation special agent Robert Ressler , who used the term serial homicide in 1974 in a lecture at Police Staff College, in Bramshill , Hampshire , England. Author Ann Rule postulates in her 2004 book Kiss Me, Kill Me , that
4824-508: Is akin to a male serial killer's collecting of totems (souvenirs) from the victim as a way of exerting continued control over the victim and reliving it. By contrast, Hickey states that although popular perception sees "black widow" female serial killers as something of the Victorian past, in his statistical study of female serial killer cases reported in the United States since 1826, approximately 75% occurred since 1950. Elizabeth Báthory
4958-457: Is instigated to seek approval from parents, sexual partners, or others." This need for approval is what influences children to attempt to develop social relationships with their family and peers. "The quality of their attachments to parents and other members of the family is critical to how these children relate to and value other members of society." Wilson and Seaman (1990) conducted a study on incarcerated serial killers, and what they concluded
5092-590: Is known to have been the secretary-treasurer of a youth club in his early teens. Largely due to Henry Brudos's seasonal work, the family frequently moved home — typically around the Pacific Northwest — throughout Brudos's childhood before permanently settling in Salem, Oregon . This property was also located upon farmland. Brudos harbored a lifelong shoe and foot fetish ; he later recollected his fascination for women's shoes and feet sourced from an incident when he, aged approximately five years, observed
5226-461: Is retarded because the child's emotional and social development occurs within his self-centered fantasies. A person can do no wrong in his own world and the pain of others is of no consequence when the purpose of the fantasy world is to satisfy the needs of one person" (Garrison, 1996). Boundaries between fantasy and reality are lost and fantasies turn to dominance, control, sexual conquest, and violence, eventually leading to murder. Fantasy can lead to
5360-479: Is sometimes cited as the most prolific female serial killer in all of history. Formally countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (Báthory Erzsébet in Hungarian , August 7, 1560 – August 21, 1614), she was a countess from the renowned Báthory family . Before her husband's death, Elizabeth took great pleasure in torturing the staff, by jamming pins under the servant's fingernails or stripping servants and throwing them into
5494-495: Is titled " Denim & Rhinestones ." Rhinestones are sized by using the term "ss," or stone size, following a number to indicate size (e.g. 8ss is equivalent to 2.3 mm diameter, 10ss is 2.8 mm). Many of the commonly used rhinestone sizes are slightly smaller than currency. SS is more commonly used for apparel means, while PP (or pearl plate) is used for jewelry. Hot-fix rhinestones, also known as heat-transfer rhinestones, are mainly used for apparel. The flat bottom of
Jerry Brudos - Misplaced Pages Continue
5628-529: The Han Emperor Jing , was made Prince of Jidong in the sixth year of the middle period of Jing's reign (144 BC). According to the Chinese historian Sima Qian , he would "go out on marauding expeditions with 20 or 30 slaves or with young men who were in hiding from the law, murdering people and seizing their belongings for sheer sport". Although many of his subjects knew about these murders, it
5762-487: The Hungarian aristocrat Elizabeth Báthory , born into one of the wealthiest families in Transylvania , allegedly tortured and killed as many as 650 girls and young women before her arrest in 1610. Between 1564 and 1589, German farmer Peter Stumpp killed 14 children, including his own son. He also murdered two pregnant women and had an incestuous relationship with his daughter. Stumpp claimed to have been granted
5896-593: The Medicis of Renaissance Italy, or Landru , the " bluebeard " of the World War I period, who murdered numerous wives after taking their money. Vronsky states that the term serial killing first entered into broader American popular usage when published in The New York Times in early 1981, to describe Atlanta serial killer Wayne Williams . Subsequently, throughout the 1980s, the term was used again in
6030-512: The NHS ). He was considered a pillar of the local community; he even won a professional award for a children's asthma clinic and was interviewed by Granada Television 's World in Action on ITV . Dennis Nilsen was an ex-soldier turned civil servant and trade unionist who had no previous criminal record when arrested. Neither was known to have exhibited many of the tell-tale signs. Vlado Taneski ,
6164-558: The Polk County Juvenile Department. Brudos was treated as a juvenile offender and sent to undergo psychiatric evaluations within the Oregon State Hospital . He entered this facility on April 16, 1956, where he remained for nine months while permitted to leave the facility to attend high school. While at this facility, Brudos was subjected to a range of evaluations; these tests concluded he
6298-639: The Vietnam War were preventing California from experiencing the Big One . As the war wound down, Mullin claimed his father instructed him via telepathy to raise the number of "human sacrifices to nature" to delay a catastrophic earthquake that would plunge California into the ocean. David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") may also be an example of a visionary serial killer, having claimed a demon transmitted orders through his neighbor's dog and instructed him to commit murder. Berkowitz later described those claims as
6432-448: The intersubjectivity associated with a cognitive deficit regarding the capability to make sharp distinctions between other people and inanimate objects. For these individuals, objects can appear to possess animistic or humanistic power while people are perceived as objects. Before he was executed, serial killer Ted Bundy stated media violence and pornography had stimulated and increased his need to commit homicide, although this statement
6566-459: The power to control the mistreatment they suffer sometimes create a new reality to which they can escape. This new reality becomes their fantasy that they have total control of and becomes part of their daily existence. In this fantasy world, their emotional development is guided and maintained. According to Garrison (1996), "the child becomes sociopathic because the normal development of the concepts of right and wrong and empathy towards others
6700-602: The primal motive behind his crimes; he also became known as the "Shoe Fetish Slayer" due to his lifelong shoe fetishism . Jerome Henry Brudos was born in Webster, South Dakota , on January 31, 1939, the younger of two sons born to Marie Eileen ( née Alldridge) and Henry Ervin Brudos. His mother had wanted her second child to be a girl and was very displeased that she gave birth to another son; she would frequently emotionally abuse and belittle her younger son, making no secret of
6834-433: The pulley in the workshop ceiling for two days, with Brudos later admitting to violating her body whenever he "felt the need". Her body was also dressed in differing lingerie and repeatedly photographed. Brudos also severed one of her breasts with view to usage as a paperweight, although this idea was abandoned when he noted the epoxy hardener failed to fully set. Brudos instead stuffed the breast with sawdust before pinning
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#17327826410826968-400: The 1990s include increased incarceration in the United States , the end of the crack epidemic in the United States , and decreased lead exposure in early childhood. Some commonly found characteristics of serial killers include the following: There are exceptions to these criteria, however. For example, Harold Shipman was a successful professional (a General Practitioner working for
7102-529: The English term "serial homicide" within the law in 1974, the terms serial murder and serial murderer appear in John Brophy 's book The Meaning of Murder (1966). The Washington, D.C., newspaper Evening Star , in a 1967 review of the book: There is the mass murderer, or what he [Brophy] calls the "serial" killer, who may be actuated by greed, such as insurance, or retention or growth of power, like
7236-733: The English-language credit for coining the term goes to Los Angeles Police Department detective Pierce Brooks, who created the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) system in 1985. The German term and concept were coined by criminologist Ernst Gennat , who described Peter Kürten as a Serienmörder ('serial-murderer') in his article " Die Düsseldorfer Sexualverbrechen " (1930). In his book, Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters (2004), criminal justice historian Peter Vronsky notes that while Ressler might have coined
7370-559: The Islamic Calendar), "a strangler from Baghdad was apprehended. He had murdered a number of women and buried them in the house where he was living." The majority of documented serial killers were active in the United States. In one study of serial homicide in South Africa, many patterns were similar to established patterns in the U.S., with some exceptions: no offenders were female, offenders were lower educated than in
7504-486: The U.S., and both victims and offenders were predominantly black. In the 15th century, one of the wealthiest men in Europe and a former companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc , Gilles de Rais , was alleged to have sexually assaulted and killed peasant children, mainly boys, whom he had abducted from the surrounding villages and had taken to his castle. It is estimated that his victims numbered between 140 and 800. Similarly,
7638-475: The United States since that time. The decline in serial killers has no known single cause but is attributed to a number of factors. Mike Aamodt , emeritus professor at Radford University in Virginia, attributes the decline in number of serial killings to less frequent use of parole , improved forensic technology , and people behaving more cautiously. Causes for the general reduction in violent crime following
7772-480: The United States between 1800 and 2004 (64 females from a total of 416 known offenders), or that around 15% of U.S. serial killers have been women, with a collective number of victims between 427 and 612. The authors of Lethal Ladies , Amanda L. Farrell, Robert D. Keppel, and Victoria B. Titterington, state that "the Justice Department indicated 36 female serial killers have been active over the course of
7906-517: The United States indicated that sexual activity was one of several motives in 10% of the cases, enjoyment in 11% and control in 14% and that 51% of all U.S. female serial killers murdered at least one woman and 31% murdered at least one child. In other cases, women have been involved as an accomplice with a male serial killer as a part of a serial killing team. A 2015 study published in The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology found that
8040-434: The United States was especially prominent from 1970 to 2000, which has been described as the "golden age of serial murder". The cause of the spike in serial killings has been attributed to urbanization , which put people in close proximity and offered anonymity. The number of active serial killers in the United States peaked in 1989 and has been steadily trending downward since, coinciding with an overall decrease in crime in
8174-426: The United States. According to a 2016 study, since the year 2000, African Americans accounted for roughly 60% of all serial killers in the United States. Anthony Walsh found that the prevalence of non-white serial killers has typically been drastically underestimated in both professional research literature and the mass media. Black males were over-represented among serial killers by a factor of 2. Walsh argues that
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#17327826410828308-509: The Willamette River along with Slawson's severed foot, which had by this stage begun to decompose . Sprinker was an 18-year-old Oregon State University chemistry student abducted at gunpoint from a parking lot outside a Meier & Frank department store while en route to meet her mother for lunch on March 27, 1969. Brudos — dressed in women's clothing at the time of this abduction — had impulsively driven his station wagon into
8442-478: The Willamette River. In April 1969, Brudos attempted to abduct two young women on consecutive days. Both escaped and reported their ordeal to authorities. The first of these women, 24-year-old motorist Sharon Wood, encountered Brudos in the basement stairwell of a parking garage in Portland on April 21, 1969. Wood later recalled feeling a tapping motion on her shoulder, only to turn around to observe Brudos pointing
8576-700: The ability to turn into a werewolf by the Devil. As punishment for his crimes, Stumpp was put on a torture wheel and executed. His head was later severed and put on a pole next to the figure of a wolf to scare other people away from claiming themselves werewolves too. Members of the Thuggee cult in India may have murdered a million people between 1740 and 1840. Thug Behram , a member of the cult, may have murdered as many as 931 victims. In his 1886 book, Psychopathia Sexualis , psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing noted
8710-528: The act of masturbation as a teenager, although he frequently experienced wet dreams . Whenever his mother discovered semen stains on his bed sheet, he was punished and forced to wash his own sheets. Brudos began stalking local women in his early teens — several of whom he discreetly photographed. He also stole and retained numerous items of lingerie and footwear. However, none of these initial offenses were violent in nature, although by his mid-teens he had begun developing violent fantasies of forcibly possessing
8844-494: The act of murder, each victim was subjected to a ritual of dressing in differing lingerie and footwear during which Brudos would arrange her body in suggestive and provocative positions prior to photographing her body and engaging in masturbation — often while staring at and/or caressing the victim's feet and ankles after dressing the body in differing lingerie and footwear. Each victim was also subjected to acts of necrophilia and three were mutilated after death, with Brudos retaining
8978-411: The attire in his presence. Two years after this incident, Brudos attempted to steal the high-heeled shoes of his first grade teacher; when caught, Brudos confessed to his actions although when asked why, he claimed not to know why he had attempted to steal the footwear. By the onset of puberty, Brudos had also developed a fetish for women's underwear and lingerie. According to Brudos, he was introduced to
9112-427: The basement or garage workshop of the two homes in which he resided during the period he committed his murders. Each victim was killed by strangulation ; several victims were photographed before and/or after death, and three of his victims underwent post-mortem dismemberment. Brudos is known to have engaged in acts of necrophilia with his victims' bodies and to have retained selective body parts — invariably
9246-540: The behavior. While juvenile serial killers are rare, the youngest felon on death row is a juvenile serial killer named Harvey Miguel Robinson who was 17 at the time of his crimes and 18 at the time of his arrest. There is a myth that most serial killers are white males. However, according to the FBI, based on percentages of the U.S. population, white males are not more likely than other races to be serial killers. White males are actually greatly under-represented among serial killers in proportion to their overall numbers in
9380-414: The better of him. Arrested upon charges of assault and battery , a subsequent search of Brudos's bedroom revealed his extensive collection of female clothing plus numerous Polaroid photographs of teenage girls, one of whom they were able to identify. The girl was contacted, and revealed her ordeal at the hands of "Jerry's twin brother" the previous August. Brudos was remanded in custody, to be referred to
9514-432: The case of psychological decompensation or overconfidence due to having evaded capture. Organized serial killers often plan their crimes methodically, usually abducting victims, killing them in one place and disposing of them in another. They often lure the victims with ploys appealing to their sense of sympathy. Others specifically target prostitutes, who are likely to go voluntarily with a stranger. These killers maintain
9648-399: The categories of the black widow or team killer. Although motivations for female serial killers can include attention seeking, addiction, or the result of psychopathological behavioral factors, female serial killers are commonly categorized as murdering men for material gain, usually being emotionally close to their victims, and generally needing to have a relationship with the victim, hence
9782-448: The child finds a way to develop substantial relationships and fight the label they receive. If a child receives no support from anyone, then they are unlikely to recover from the traumatic event in a positive way. As stated by E. E. Maccoby, "the family has continued to be seen as a major—perhaps the major—arena for socialization". There have been studies looking into the possibility that an abnormality with one's chromosomes could be
9916-426: The child up for deviant behavior in adulthood; the child's environment (either their parents or society) is the dominant factor determining whether or not the child's behavior escalates into homicidal activity. Family, or lack thereof, is the most prominent part of a child's development because it is what the child can identify with on a regular basis. "The serial killer is no different from any other individual who
10050-430: The classic rhinestones, which had a metal-powder coating on the bottom side only, several companies have opted to mass-produce iridescent lead glass by reducing the metal-coating thickness and applying it uniformly, not using metal powder with a binder but applying various forms of metal deposition (thin foil , vapor deposition , etc.). Such developments include Favrile glass by Tiffany in 1894, Carnival glass under
10184-665: The early 1890s. The case was one of the first involving a serial murderer that gained widespread notoriety and publicity through sensationalized accounts in William Randolph Hearst 's newspapers. However, at the same time of the Holmes case, in France, Joseph Vacher became known as "The French Ripper" after killing and mutilating 11 women and children. He was executed in 1898 after confessing to his crimes. Another notable non-American serial killer is Pedro Lopez ,
10318-640: The elderly". Other studies indicate that since 1975, increasingly strangers are marginally the most preferred victim of female serial killers, or that only 26% of female serial killers kill for material gain only. Sources state that each killer will have her own proclivities, needs and triggers. A review of the published literature on female serial murder stated that "sexual or sadistic motives are believed to be extremely rare in female serial murderers, and psychopathic traits and histories of childhood abuse have been consistently reported in these women." A study by Eric W. Hickey (2010) of 64 female serial killers in
10452-466: The experiment failed to produce dancing- or seizure -like symptoms but simply singed her flesh at the point of entry, Brudos rapidly abandoned this experiment. He retained Salee's body for twenty-four hours, engaging in necrophilia on one occasion, before binding her body to a vehicle gearbox and discarding her in the Willamette River. Serial killer Note: Varies by jurisdiction Note: Varies by jurisdiction A serial killer (also called
10586-435: The fact to Brudos she had wanted a daughter as opposed to another son. By contrast, Brudos's mother doted on her older son, James. The Brudos family lived a modest and pious lifestyle; Brudos's father typically held casual and often seasonal employment, whereas his mother was a homemaker. Although Henry was a short-tempered individual, he was seldom physically abusive toward or emotionally critical of his children, whereas Marie
10720-440: The family barn at knifepoint. Within a year of this first known violent offense, Brudos had established a pattern of abducting girls his own age or younger — typically at knifepoint — and forcing them into a barn upon his family farm before ordering them to disrobe before photographing them. He would then lock these girls in a corn crib before reappearing several minutes later, wearing different clothing and with his hair combed in
10854-418: The first step in the process of a dissociative state, which, in the words of Stephen Giannangelo, "allows the serial killer to leave the stream of consciousness for what is, to him, a better place". Criminologist Jose Sanchez reports, "The young criminal you see today is more detached from his victim, more ready to hurt or kill. The lack of empathy for their victims among young criminals is just one symptom of
10988-417: The girl to his bedroom upon innocuous pretenses, Brudos exited the bedroom, only to reappear minutes later wearing a mask and brandishing a knife. He forced the girl to strip naked before proceeding to take several photographs of her before fleeing. Minutes later, Brudos reappeared wearing his original shirt and with his hair in disarray and a minor scuff mark on his cheek, claiming the intruder had locked him in
11122-522: The glistening effect which real diamonds have in the sun. Typically, crystal rhinestones have been used on costumes, apparel, and jewelry. Crystal rhinestones are produced mainly in Austria by Swarovski and in the Czech Republic by Preciosa and a few other glassworks in northern Bohemia. In the United States, these are sometimes known as "Austrian crystal." The rhinestone-studded Nudie suit
11256-553: The grounds of the Lloyd Center shopping mall late in the afternoon of April 23, 1969. Salee had purchased a pair of slacks and a watchband as birthday gifts for her fiancé from the mall and was returning to her vehicle when approached by Brudos, who deceived her into believing he was a police officer by displaying a fake police badge and informing her she was being arrested for shoplifting. Although Salee protested her innocence, she agreed to accompany Brudos to his vehicle, where she
11390-547: The hospital where she worked, attempted to kill three more, and injured a further six over the course of two months. A 21st-century example is Canadian nurse Elizabeth Wettlaufer , who murdered elderly patients in the nursing homes where she worked. William George Davis is another hospital nurse who was sentenced to death in Texas for the murder of four patients. Female serial killers are rare compared to their male counterparts. Sources suggest that female serial killers represented less than one in every six known serial murderers in
11524-481: The house and perform housework naked save for a pair of high-heeled shoes, often as he photographed her before engaging in intercourse. For several years, his wife acquiesced to these proclivities , and Brudos is not known to have committed any sexual offenses during the early years of their marriage. By the mid-1960s, Theresa Brudos was a toddler — thus demanding more physical attention and nurturing from her mother; as such, Ralphene had begun to refuse to participate in
11658-410: The house in a few moments, then returned Salee to the garage, where she was bound with cord. Brudos then entered the house alone to eat with his family. Upon returning to the garage, Brudos discovered Salee had freed herself from her binds, but had made no further efforts to escape. She attempted to resist his immediate efforts to place a leather strap around her neck and "pull her off her feet" — asking
11792-478: The house or in his garage workshop, devoting focus upon various electronics projects. In May 1967, as his wife was in hospital giving birth to their second child, Brudos discreetly followed a young woman wearing attractive high-heeled shoes to her home; he waited until nightfall before entering her apartment, whereupon he proceeded to choke her into unconsciousness. Brudos would later state his intentions upon entering this household did not initially include rape, but
11926-440: The hysterical girl had been attacked by "some weirdo" he had overpowered. His story was not believed, and the couple drove the two to the nearest police station, where Brudos admitted attacking the girl but claimed that his intention had been to simply intimidate her into removing her clothes in order that he could photograph her. He denied having ever committed any previous acts of this nature and insisted his temper had simply gotten
12060-399: The killing acts for days or weeks" while the "methods of murder and types of victims vary". Andrew Cunanan is given as an example of spree killing, while Charles Whitman is mentioned in connection with mass murder, and Jeffrey Dahmer with serial killing. In 2005, the FBI hosted a multi-disciplinary symposium in San Antonio, Texas, which brought together 135 experts on serial murder from
12194-505: The last century." According to The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology , there is evidence that 16% of all serial killers are women. Michael D. Kelleher and C. L. Kelleher created several categories to describe female serial killers. They used the classifications of black widow , angel of death , sexual predator , revenge , profit or crime , team killer , question of sanity , unexplained , and unsolved . In using these categories, they observed that most women fell into
12328-422: The midst of the wealth of London focused the media's attention on the plight of the urban poor and gained coverage worldwide. Jack the Ripper has also been called the most infamous serial killer of all time, and his legend has spawned hundreds of theories on his real identity and many works of fiction . H. H. Holmes was a serial killer in the United States, responsible for the death of at least nine victims in
12462-835: The misconceptions concerning female criminality. In the article, Perri and Lichtenwald analyze the current research regarding female psychopathy, including case studies of female psychopathic killers featuring Munchausen syndrome by proxy , cesarean section homicide, fraud detection homicide, female kill teams, and a female serial killer. Juvenile serial killers are rare. There are three main categories that juvenile serial killers can fit into: primary, maturing, and secondary killers. There have been studies done to compare and contrast these three groups and to discover similarities and differences between them. Although these types of serial killers are less common, oftentimes adult serial killers may make their debut at an early age and it can be an opportunity for researchers to study what factors brought about
12596-545: The most common motive for female serial killers was for financial gain and almost 40% of them had experienced some sort of mental illness. Peter Vronsky in Female Serial Killers (2007) maintains that female serial killers today often kill for the same reason males do: as a means of expressing rage and control. He suggests that sometimes the theft of the victims' property by the female "black widow" type serial killer appears to be for material gain, but really
12730-508: The motives of any given killer may display considerable overlap among these categories. Visionary serial killers suffer from psychotic breaks with reality, sometimes believing they are another person or are compelled to murder by entities such as the Devil or God. The two most common subgroups are "demon mandated" and "God mandated". Herbert Mullin believed the American casualties in
12864-414: The motives of serial killers can include anger, thrill-seeking , financial gain, and attention seeking , and killings may be executed as such . The victims tend to have things in common, such as demographic profile , appearance, gender, or race . As a group, serial killers suffer from a variety of personality disorders . Most are often not adjudicated as insane under the law. Although a serial killer
12998-428: The name "Iridrill" by Fenton in 1908, " Aurora Borealis " glass by Swarovski in 1956 and PVD-coated dichroic glass in the late 20th century, amongst many other decorative lead glasses coated with a thin metal layer and sold under various commercial names such as " rainbow glass," "aurora glass" and such. Rhinestones can be used as imitations of diamonds , and some manufacturers even manage to partially reproduce
13132-475: The name "rhinestone" applies only to varieties of lead glass known as crystal glass . The availability of such products increased greatly in the 18th century when the Alsatian jeweller Georg Friedrich Strass (1701–1773) developed imitation diamonds by coating the lower side of lead glass with metal powder . Many European languages use the word strass (or equivalent) to refer to rhinestones. As opposed to
13266-561: The nude household high-heel modeling, photography and sexual rituals should her daughter view her parents. Furthermore, Brudos had begun putting on weight; his wife would later state that, although she never informed her husband, his physical appearance had begun to repel her. As such, although Ralphene remained loyal to her husband, the two engaged in intercourse increasingly infrequently, with his wife devoting more of her time to her daughter and social activities with female friends, and Brudos spending increasing amounts of time either working about
13400-406: The number of murders, they need to have been committed at different times, and are usually committed in different places. The lack of a cooling-off period (a significant break between the murders) marks the difference between a spree killer and a serial killer. The category has, however, been found to be of no real value to law enforcement, because of definitional problems relating to the concept of
13534-478: The onset of puberty, Brudos had still not learned of the act of sexual intercourse, although he became obsessed with viewing a naked female peer; however, he was markedly shy around girls in his neighborhood and at school. Moreover, his height and severe acne further decreased his confidence in his ability to appeal to girls. By approximately 1953, Brudos — still oblivious to the act of intercourse — had begun to masturbate . He later claimed to fail to ejaculate during
13668-435: The organ to a wooden board. According to Brudos, two days after Whitney's murder, a car crashed into his garage, knocking a hole in the wall. A responding policeman had looked into the resultant damage, but due to the dust, debris and darkness and the fact the hole was at ground level, failed to observe Whitney's mutilated and suspended body. That evening, her body was tethered to a section of scrap railroad iron and thrown into
13802-408: The pages of The New York Times , one of the major national news publications of the United States, on 233 occasions. By the end of the 1990s, the use of the term had increased to 2,514 instances in the paper. When defining serial killers, researchers generally use "three or more murders" as the baseline, considering it sufficient to provide a pattern without being overly restrictive. Independent of
13936-650: The parking lot after observing a young woman wearing high-heeled shoes and a miniskirt at this location. Having parked his car and attempted to chase this individual, Brudos soon lost sight of her. En route back to his vehicle, he observed Sprinker exiting her car and walking toward the department store. She was forced at gunpoint to enter his vehicle and accompany him to his home, with Brudos promising not to harm her. According to Brudos, Sprinker repeatedly pleaded with him not to hurt her, adding that once taken inside his workshop she stated she would do anything he wanted provided he did not kill her. In response, Brudos asked if she
14070-418: The popular media ignores black serial killers because of a fear of allegations of racism, and that this may enable black serial killers to operate more effectively, as their crimes do not get the same media attention as the crimes of non-black serial killers. The motives of serial killers are generally placed into four categories: visionary , mission-oriented , hedonistic , and power or control ; however,
14204-422: The practice of viewing, fondling and smelling female underwear by a neighborhood boy with several older sisters and with whom he occasionally sneaked into the girls' bedrooms to perform these acts, which invoked deep erotic feelings within him which he initially failed to understand. As a teenager, Brudos would steal underwear from female neighbors upon moments of opportunism, some of which he would later wear. By
14338-421: The process. Hours later, Brudos severed Slawson's left foot from her body with a hacksaw; he retained this severed appendage in the rear of the family freezer (located in the basement) with view to both future usage of modelling his extensive collection of high-heeled shoes and to fuel his masturbatory fantasies. He also retained the two encyclopedias Slawson had hoped to sell him as keepsakes . Brudos later bound
14472-524: The question, "Why are you doing this to me?" Salee then began to scratch and kick Brudos as he lifted her from the ground by the leather strap, although she soon became unconscious. Brudos then proceeded to strangle Salee to death as he raped her. Salee's body was then hung by the neck upon the same workshop pulley as Brudos had his previous two victims; he then placed a hypodermic needle into her rib cage beneath each armpit through which he ran an electrical current in an effort to animate her body. Disappointed
14606-524: The radio station to observe and question Brudos as to aspects of his work and who had jokingly remarked about his shyness around female employees. According to Brudos, he had jokingly remarked to the youth to find him a girlfriend; to his surprise, the teenager agreed and took him to Schwinler's home. On September 30, 1961, Brudos and Schwinler — one month pregnant at the time — married. The newlyweds initially resided in Portland, Oregon , before relocating to
14740-458: The rear of Brudos's vehicle, and Whitney the passenger seat. After driving the two hitchhikers to their intended destination, Brudos drove Whitney to his home, which he then entered while remaining parked in the driveway — ostensibly to retrieve the necessary tools to repair Whitney's car. Brudos then discreetly entered the rear of the vehicle as Whitney remained seated in the passenger seat; he then asked her to close her eyes and describe how to tie
14874-603: The remainder of Slawson's body to a heavy cylinder head and discarded her body "over a rail somewhere" in Marion County , adding he could not recall the precise location. Brudos encountered Whitney, a 23-year-old motorist, as he drove home from a job in Lebanon on November 26, 1968. Brudos later insisted this murder — much like Slawson's — was a crime of opportunity ; he had simply encountered Whitney as he drove home from work and observed three individuals standing beside
15008-399: The rope over a ceiling beam and pulled, causing Sprinker to be winched from the ground, whereupon she "kicked a little and died". Over the following hours, Brudos repeatedly engaged in acts of necrophilia with Sprinker's body; he also severed her breasts so he could form plastic molds with the organs. That evening, Sprinker's body was lashed to a six-cylinder engine component and thrown into
15142-516: The scene with only one of her shoes. He retained the footwear of both women in the shed — frequently sleeping with the attire. Brudos was not arrested for either of these offenses. Approximately one year after gaining employment at the Corvallis radio station, Brudos became acquainted with a 17-year-old girl named Ralphene Schwinler. He became acquainted with Schwinler via a teenage boy who — being an amateur electronics enthusiast — frequently visited
15276-437: The scene. The following day, a 15-year-old schoolgirl, Gloria Jean Smith, was forced at gunpoint to accompany Brudos to a green Volkswagen Karmann Ghia , with Brudos informing her: "I want you to come with me. I won't hurt you ... I won't rape you." He then grabbed the rear of Smith's coat and forced her to accompany him, but agreed to the child's request to let go of her coat as she walked alongside him. When Smith observed
15410-655: The severed body parts to fuel his fetishes in addition to expressing his dominance. All were disposed of in the Willamette River , although their shoes and underwear were retained and stowed within the household garage, which Brudos's wife and children were forbidden from entering without first announcing their intention via an intercom he had installed. Slawson was a 19-year-old door-to-door encyclopedia saleswoman from Aloha, Oregon , whom Brudos encountered as he worked in his yard on January 26, 1968; she inadvertently entered his property having confused his address with
15544-491: The severed breasts or feet — of three of his victims to both demonstrate his domination and to satiate his sexual fetish for women's feet, lingerie, and shoes. Sentenced to three consecutive terms of life imprisonment, to be served at the Oregon State Penitentiary , Brudos died of liver cancer while incarcerated at this facility in 2006. Brudos became known as the "Lust Killer" due to
15678-457: The sight of a young, attractive woman lying limp and at his mercy beneath him aroused him to such a degree he did rape her unconscious body before fleeing from her apartment with her high-heeled shoes. The following year, Brudos was arrested by Corvallis police while on the grounds of an Oregon State University women's dormitory. He was charged with stealing women's clothing, and was wearing pedal pushers , high-heeled shoes and women's underwear at
15812-561: The snow. After her husband's death, she and four collaborators were accused of torturing and killing hundreds of girls and young women, with one witness attributing to them over 600 victims, though the number for which they were convicted was 80. Elizabeth herself was neither tried nor convicted. In 1610, however, she was imprisoned in the Csejte Castle, where she remained bricked in a set of rooms until her death four years later. A 2010 article by Perri and Lichtenwald addressed some of
15946-555: The staircase to the basement. He then asked his mother to take his daughter from the house to purchase hamburgers in order that he could engage in necrophilia with Slawson's body. Upon undressing the young woman's body, Brudos discovered Slawson was wearing attractive red lingerie; this inspired him to retrieve a box of women's underwear and footwear he had accumulated, typically via theft, and repeatedly dress and redress her body in differing footwear and lingerie in addition to engaging in repeated acts of necrophilia — photographing much of
16080-427: The teenage daughter of a family friend lying asleep on his bed, having been allowed to do so by Brudos's parents after she complained of feeling unwell. According to Brudos, he was "transfixed" by the sight of the girl's high-heeled shoes and attempted to pry them off her feet; the girl awoke and simply told him to leave the room. On another occasion at age five, Brudos discovered a pair of leather high-heeled shoes with
16214-438: The time of this arrest. Between 1968 and 1969, Brudos abducted and strangled four young women and attempted to abduct a minimum of two others. Three victims were murdered in the basement or garage workshop of Brudos's home, and one inside his vehicle. All of Brudos's victims were abducted and murdered in order to satisfy his need to both dominate and possess attractive young women and to satiate his sexual fetishes . Following
16348-403: The traditional cultural image of the "black widow". The methods that female serial killers use for murder are frequently covert or low-profile, such as murder by poison (the preferred choice for killing). Other methods used by female serial killers include shootings (used by 20%), suffocation (16%), stabbing (11%), and drowning (5%). They commit killings in specific places, such as their home or
16482-610: The trigger for serial killers. Two serial killers, Bobby Joe Long and Richard Speck , came to attention for reported chromosomal abnormalities. Long had an extra X chromosome . Speck was erroneously reported to have an extra Y chromosome ; in fact, his karyotype was performed twice and was normal each time. While attempts have been made to link the XYY karyotype to violence, including serial murder, research has consistently found little or no association between violent criminal behaviour and an extra Y chromosome. Children who do not have
16616-439: The victim threshold from three to two victims given that serial murderers from these groups share similar pathologies. Historical criminologists suggest that there have been serial killers throughout history. Some sources suggest that legends such as werewolves and vampires were inspired by medieval serial killers. In Africa, there have been periodic outbreaks of murder by leopard men . Liu Pengli of China, nephew of
16750-433: Was a depressive individual who suffered from a schizotypal personality disorder but was not grossly mentally ill or suffering from delusions . Furthermore, the doctors at this facility concluded Brudos's sexual fantasies revolved around a hatred he harbored toward his mother and women in general . Upon completion of his evaluations, Brudos returned to live with his parents. An average scholar, he graduated 142nd out of
16884-434: Was a harsh, matriarchal and prudish individual who reserved the majority of her denigration for her younger son. As a direct result of his lacking of maternal acceptance, as a young child, Brudos formed a close friendship with a neighborhood woman of a similar age to his mother. This individual was both compassionate toward and accepting of him throughout his visits and Brudos later confessed to occasionally fantasizing she
17018-463: Was a virgin; Sprinker replied she was, adding she was experiencing her period . Brudos then forced her to undress before proceeding to rape her on the workshop floor. Sprinker was then forced to pose in differing high-heeled shoes and underwear as Brudos photographed her. Brudos then bound Sprinker's hands behind her back before placing a rope around her neck. He then asked her if the rope was too tight; Sprinker replied that it was. In response, he threw
17152-427: Was collected and suspects were identified and traced. Police surgeon Thomas Bond assembled one of the earliest character profiles of the offender . The Ripper murders also marked an important watershed in the treatment of crime by journalists. While not the first serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper's case was the first to create a worldwide media frenzy. The dramatic murders of financially destitute women in
17286-658: Was his true mother; however, the woman suffered from diabetes and her declining health forced her to cease permitting visits from him or other neighborhood children. Shortly thereafter, a female childhood friend the same age died of tuberculosis , leaving Brudos inconsolable. Brudos was an unremarkable and sickly child with few friends and who frequently complained of throat pains and migraines ; he typically achieved average grades as opposed to his academically achieving and popular brother. At high school, Brudos remained an unremarkable individual to his peers and teachers alike. He seldom engaged in extracurricular activities, although he
17420-448: Was informed she was being kidnapped for ransom. Brudos then drove toward his home; he parked inside his garage and ordered Salee to follow him across the yard to his home, believing his wife and children to be with relatives. At this moment, his wife appeared on the porch to inform him she had prepared the family dinner. In response, Brudos — over ten feet from the porch — signaled to Salee to stand still. He informed his wife he would be in
17554-460: Was invented by Nudie Cohn in the 1940s, an Americanization of the matador 's " suit of lights ." Rhinestone material is often used as an alternative to sequins . A popular type of rhinestone is the AB (Aurora borealis) rhinestone. AB rhinestones have a particular type of iridescent coating, applied with vacuum metal deposition. Guy de Maupassant's short story " La Parure " from 1884 centers around
17688-553: Was made during last-ditch efforts to appeal his death sentence. In the 1970s and 1980s, FBI profilers instigated a simple division of serial killers into "organized" and "disorganized"; that is, those who plan their crimes, and those who act on impulse. The FBI's Crime Classification Manual now places serial killers into three categories: organized , disorganized , and mixed (i.e., offenders who exhibit organized and disorganized characteristics). Some killers descend from organized to disorganized as their killings continue, as in
17822-399: Was not until the 29th year of his reign that the son of one of his victims finally sent a report to the emperor. Eventually, it was discovered that he had murdered at least 100 people. The officials of the court requested that Liu Pengli be executed; however, the emperor could not bear to have his own nephew killed, so Liu Pengli was made a commoner and banished. In the 9th century (year 257 of
17956-446: Was the most influential factor that contributed to their homicidal activity. Almost all of the serial killers in the study had experienced some sort of environmental problems during their childhood, such as a broken home caused by divorce, or a lack of a parental figure to discipline the child. Nearly half of the serial killers had experienced some type of physical or sexual abuse, and more of them had experienced emotional neglect. When
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