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26-700: Bravo Murillo was born in Fregenal de la Sierra on 24 June 1803. After briefly studying theology , he studied law at the University of Salamanca and the University of Seville , obtaining his licentiate from Seville in 1825. He practiced law for a time in Seville. After the death of Fernando VII in 1833 he was named prosecutor of the Audiencia Provincial of Cádiz , a position he held for two years before moving to Madrid, where he co-published

52-430: A haunt of bandits and highwaymen . The Nuevas Poblaciones de Andalucía y Sierra Morena administrative division was started in 1767 during the reign of Charles III of Spain in order to populate the mountainous zone. As a consequence the area around La Carolina was settled with farmers that included German, Swiss and Flemish families. One of the goals of the project was to have safe stopover points for carriages in

78-475: A journal called Boletín de Jurisprudencia . He was also a founder of the conservative newspaper El Porvenir . He was elected a deputy (member of the lower house of Spain's parliament) in 1837 and 1840 as a member of the Moderate Party . However, his reactionary views kept him out of leadership during the decidedly liberal ascendancy of General Baldomero Espartero , regent during this portion of

104-560: A strong legendary reputation in Spanish culture and tradition, with myths about bandits (Los bandidos de Sierra Morena) , a giant snake (El Saetón de Sierra Morena) and a child brought up by wolves ( Marcos Rodríguez Pantoja ), among others. This range is also mentioned in the famous Mexican song " Cielito Lindo " and in one of the most well known traditional Spanish songs, "Soy Minero", interpreted by Antonio Molina . The Sierra Morena stretches for 450 km in an E-W direction from

130-661: A true mountain range seen from the Baetic Depression in the south with impressive southward-facing slopes and gorges. Located within the province of Jaén , the Despeñaperros , an abrupt canyon created by the Despeñaperros River , with sheer walls over 500 metres high, is the natural path for crossing the Sierra Morena into Andalusia from the north of the peninsula. The main ranges of

156-566: Is a municipality located in the province of Badajoz , Extremadura , Spain. Fregenal de la Sierra is located in the Sierra Suroeste comarca (county), among the small hills and ravines of the Sierra Morena . Fregenal de la Sierra borders Valverde de Burguillos , Burguillos del Cerro and Jerez de los Caballeros to the north, Valencia del Ventoso to the east, Bodonal de la Sierra , Segura de León and Fuentes de León to

182-455: Is likely derived from the dark color of some of the rocks and vegetation of the ranges that make up the mountainous system. It is also mentioned as Sierra Mariánica in some documents. Formerly it was a border area, a vast wilderness with little population, and its mountain passes were important for the communication between Andalusia and Central Spain. The peaks of the ranges are not very high on average, in fact Sierra Morena's highest point

208-746: Is one of the last habitats of the endangered Iberian lynx . Other charismatic animals of the region include the Iberian wolf (2019 declared extinct regionally by the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe), Wild boar , Red deer , the Spanish imperial eagle and the Golden eagle . Among the amphibians, wells and ponds in many areas of the range provide a habitat for the near-threatened Iberian ribbed newt . A National Geographic Channel documentary film featuring an overview of some of

234-819: Is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain . It stretches for 450 kilometres from east to west across the south of the Iberian Peninsula , forming the southern border of the Meseta Central plateau and providing the watershed between the valleys of the Guadiana to the north and the west, and the Guadalquivir to the south. Its highest summit is the 1,332 m high Bañuela . Other notable peaks are Corral de Borros 1,312 m and Cerro de la Estrella 1,298 m. The name Sierra Morena has

260-614: Is the lowest among the mountain systems of the Iberian Peninsula. They are, however, very consistent in altitude, averaging between 600 and 1,300 m all along the system. Since they form the southern edge of the Meseta Central , the Iberian Central Plateau, the northern Sierra Morena ranges barely rise above the level of the surrounding plateau in most places. Nevertheless, the Sierra Morena looks like

286-667: Is the name Castillo de Valera, which was dated by the Knights Templar. The city was conquered by Fernando III with the help of the Templars, but first appearance of Fregenal in historical records was in 1283 when the population was given by Alfonso X of Castile to the Order of the Temple for its work in the reconquista. Fregenal ultimately was returned to the kingdom of Seville in 1312. Over 100 individuals from Fregenal traveled to

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312-662: The Spanish Civil War . The battle of Cerro Muriano , part of the August 1936 Córdoba offensive in the region, is famous owing to the picture of a "falling militiaman" taken by Robert Capa , a picture that sought to represent the tragic fate of the Spanish Republic . The Battle of Valsequillo (also known as 'Battle of Peñarroya'), involving the Extremaduran Army took place further west in

338-521: The minority of Isabella II . He emigrated briefly to France after the Spanish Revolution of 1841 , but returned in 1843 after Espartero's fall, the beginning of the década moderada . In January 1847 he was named Minister of Grace and Justice in the government of Carlos Martínez de Irujo , Duke of Sotomayor. General Ramón María Narváez later named him Minister of Commerce, Instruction, and Public Works, then in 1849 Minister of Finance. He

364-476: The New World during Spanish conquest and colonization, among them Alonso Rodríguez Santos and Benito Arias Montano (son of Rodríguez Santos and nephew of the humanist also named Benito Arias Montano ). Spanish actress Pilar López de Ayala 's (b. 1978) father Rodrigo López de Ayala Sánchez-Arjona (b. 1944) was born here, from descendants of Christopher Columbus . Sierra Morena The Sierra Morena

390-644: The Roman conquest. This city was part of the Hispania Ulterior region in the first two centuries BC; later it became part of Hispania Baetica , where it remained for over seven centuries until the beginning of the Muslim conquest. New research in this city has uncovered a watchtower first used by the Visigoths and later by Muslims, and a Muslim cemetery. The only reference made by Christians about this city

416-510: The Sierra Morena system from east to west are: The ranges of Sierra Morena have valuable deposits of copper , gold , silver , iron , lead , mercury , and other metals, some of which have been exploited since prehistoric times. The ancient Iberians used the mountain passes as a passage between the high plateau in the north and the Guadalquivir basin. The bleak Sierra Morena mountains were also notorious in former times for being

442-619: The Spanish government's official gazette to this day. The most interesting of his writings were published in six volumes entitled Opúsculos ("Pamphlets", 1863–1874). He died in Madrid on 11 February 1873. Bravo Murillo was elected to the Congress of Deputies on 12 occasions, and represented constituencies in five different provinces (sometimes two of them at the same time): Source: Source: Source: Fregenal de la Sierra Fregenal de la Sierra (originally Frexnal or Frexenal )

468-588: The area of the range at the Extremaduran front line between 5 January and 4 February 1939 towards the end of the conflict. The Sierra Morena appears in the novel Don Quixote . When Sancho Panza suggests the mountains as a refuge from the Holy Brotherhood after Don Quixote frees a group of galley slaves, the two escape into the Sierra Morena. In the mountains, Quixote contemplates the burdens of knighthood. In Voltaire 's satire Candide ,

494-596: The desolate region that would be within reasonable distance from each other. Marcos Rodríguez Pantoja was a child born in Añora who lived by himself in the middle of the Sierra Morena in the area that is now the Sierra de Cardeña y Montoro Natural Park . The film "Entre lobos" by the Cordovan director Gerardo Olivares was based on his experience. The Sierra Morena was the scenario of many battles and skirmishes throughout

520-599: The establishment of civil service exams ( oposiciones ), the introduction of the metric system into Spain in 1849, the Concordat of 1851 that settled differences between the Spanish government and the Holy See , and the 1852 Canaries Free Ports Act. He was also responsible for a variety of measures in his capacity as minister of finance, and founded what later became the Boletín Oficial del Estado , which remains

546-483: The high course of the Guadalmena River in the Sierra del Relumbrar until northwestern Huelva Province , extending into Portugal . The system is the result of the uplift produced by the pressure of the northward-moving African Plate . It is made up of hard Paleozoic rocks such as granite and quartzite , as well as softer materials such as slate and gneiss . Its name, roughly meaning 'dark range',

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572-576: The main characters stop there on their escape from Lisbon (chapter 9–10). In Karamzin's story Sierra Morena , the protagonists act against the background of the mountains and Guadalquivir . The forbidding landscape of Sierra Morena was also the setting for the majority of the eerie and supernatural goings-on in Jan Potocki 's The Manuscript Found in Saragossa written in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Sierra Morena

598-523: The south, and Higuera la Real to the southwest. It is the seat of the Fregenal de la Sierra judicial district ( partido judicial ). Fregenal is located on the EX-101, EX-201, and N-435 highways and is served by rail (on the daily Zafra-Huelva line) and by bus. Fregenal de la Sierra's economy has traditionally depended on agriculture and livestock. To a lesser extent, mining has also been important; it

624-407: Was important as a distribution point for minerals mined in the surrounding areas. Today major industries include cork extraction and the processing of pork from Iberian pigs. Tourism is also increasing in importance. In the vicinity of the present town lie the ruins (almost entirely buried and little-researched) of a Celtic fort called Nertóbriga, which became known as Nertóbriga-Concordia Iulia after

650-607: Was named President of the Council of Ministers of Spain , effectively prime minister, taking office on 14 January 1851, while serving as his own Minister of Finance. The events of the Revolutions of 1848 throughout Europe led him to propose an anti-parliamentarian, absolutist constitution for Spain in 1852, countering the moderate liberal tendency of the Spanish Constitution of 1845 , but it proved unpopular and

676-480: Was rejected. He lost his position as head of government 14 December 1852; the onset of the bienio progresista some 18 months later led him to leave Spain, returning in 1856. He served as President of the Congress of Deputies in 1858, and was named to the Spanish Senate in 1863 as a senator for life. He is responsible for founding Canal de Isabel II , the public company that still brings water to Madrid ,

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