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57-494: Brett Halliday (July 31, 1904 – February 4, 1977) is the primary pen name of Davis Dresser , an American mystery and western writer. Halliday is best known for the long-lived series of Michael Shayne mysteries he wrote, and later commissioned others to continue. Dresser also wrote westerns, non-series mysteries, and romances under the names Asa Baker , Matthew Blood , Kathryn Culver , Don Davis , Hal Debrett , Anthony Scott , Peter Field , and Anderson Wayne . Dresser

114-496: A haigō (俳号). The haiku poet Matsuo Bashō had used two other haigō before he became fond of a banana plant ( bashō ) that had been given to him by a disciple and started using it as his pen name at the age of 36. Similar to a pen name, Japanese artists usually have a gō or art-name , which might change a number of times during their career. In some cases, artists adopted different gō at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. One of

171-506: A New Orleans detective . In 1967, Strother Martin and he guest-starred in the episode "A Mighty Hunter Before the Lord" of NBC's The Road West series, starring Barry Sullivan . Also in 1967, Nolan was a guest star in the popular Western TV series The Virginian , in the episode "The Masquerade", and in the pilot episode of Mannix . Nolan co-starred from 1968 to 1971 in the pioneering NBC series Julia , with Diahann Carroll , who

228-525: A character actor . As he got older, he often played doctors, including in the Oscar-nominated movie Peyton Place and in Julia , the first American TV series starring an African American woman in a non-subservient role. For playing Doctor Morton Chegley to Diahann Carroll 's nurse Julia Baker, Nolan was nominated for a 1969 Emmy for Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in

285-541: A "back-translation" from English. The French usage is nom de guerre (a more generalised term for 'pseudonym'). Since guerre means 'war' in French, nom de guerre confused some English speakers, who "corrected" the French metaphor. This phrase precedes "pen name", being attested to The Knickerbocker , in 1841. An author may use a pen name if their real name is likely to be confused with that of another author or other significant individual. For instance, in 1899

342-512: A 1955 Emmy award for portraying Captain Queeg , the role made famous by Humphrey Bogart . Nolan also made guest appearances on television shows, including NBC 's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford , The Bing Crosby Show , a sitcom on ABC and the Emmy -winning NBC anthology series The Barbara Stanwyck Show . Nolan appeared on Wagon Train in the second season, episode 16, as

399-660: A Comedy Series. His last role was in Woody Allen 's Hannah and Her Sisters , which was released posthumously in 1986, the year after he died, bringing down the curtain on a career that spanned half a century. It is a measure of the respect in which he was held that his obituary in the Los Angeles Times was entitled "Lloyd Nolan, the Actor’s Actor, Dies." Nolan was born in San Francisco, California ,

456-469: A Holiday , starring Mae West ; and Bataan starring Robert Taylor . Nolan also contributed solid and key character parts in numerous other films. In Johnny Apollo (1940) he was a charismatic but finally self-serving and murderous gang boss. In A Tree Grows in Brooklyn , with Dorothy McGuire and James Dunn , he played a lonely beat policeman. In later years he gave a notable performance as

513-542: A Swedish author of the 19th century, wrote under the name Ernst Ahlgren. The science fiction author Alice B. Sheldon for many years published under the masculine name of James Tiptree, Jr. , the discovery of which led to a deep discussion of gender in the genre. More recently, women who write in genres commonly written by men sometimes choose to use initials, such as K. A. Applegate , C. J. Cherryh , P. N. Elrod , D. C. Fontana , S. E. Hinton , G. A. Riplinger , J. D. Robb , and J. K. Rowling . Alternatively, they may use

570-489: A daughter Melinda who gave them two grandchildren, and a son Jay. The couple remained married until Efrid's death in 1981. Their son Jay Nolan had autism and was institutionalized at a private institution at age 13. He died at age 26 from choking while eating. When Lloyd Nolan went public in 1972 about his son's autism, it was revealed that Jay was one of the first children in the United States to be diagnosed with

627-492: A pen name is used because an author believes that their name does not suit the genre they are writing in. Western novelist Pearl Gray dropped his first name and changed the spelling of his last name to Zane Grey because he believed that his real name did not suit the Western genre. Romance novelist Angela Knight writes under that name instead of her actual name (Julie Woodcock) because of the double entendre of her surname in

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684-544: A pen name may preserve an author's long-term anonymity . Pen name is formed by joining pen with name . Its earliest use in English is in the 1860s, in the writings of Bayard Taylor . The French-language phrase nom de plume is used as a synonym for "pen name" ( plume means 'pen'). However, it is not the French usage, according to H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler in The King's English , but instead

741-399: A previous marriage), Dresser was married to mystery writer Helen McCloy from 1946 to 1961; they had a daughter named Chloe. As partners, they formed a literary agency called Halliday and McCloy. Dresser also established Torquil Publishing Company, which published his books as well as those of other authors, from 1953 to 1965. In 1961, he married Mary Savage, also a writer; their son, Halliday,

798-499: A pulp fiction magazine that began as Michael Shayne Mystery Magazine in 1956 and ran for nearly 30 years. The 2005 film Kiss Kiss Bang Bang is partly based on Halliday's novel Bodies Are Where You Find Them . The 2016 film The Nice Guys , also directed by Shane Black, acknowledged the works of Brett Halliday. In 1958, Dresser ceased penning the novels published under the name "Brett Halliday", and arranged for ghostwriters, among them Bill Pronzini and Robert Terrell, to continue

855-607: A straight talking doctor who ultimately rails against small-town hypocrisy in the 1957 film Peyton Place with Lana Turner . One of his films was a startling revelation to audiences in 1945. The House on 92nd Street was a conflation of several true incidents of attempted sabotage by the Nazi regime (incidents which the FBI was able to thwart during World War II ). Many scenes were filmed on location in New York City, unusual at

912-460: A unisex pen name, such as Robin Hobb (the second pen name of novelist Margaret Astrid Lindholm Ogden ). A collective name , also known as a house name , is published under one pen name even though more than one author may have contributed to the series. In some cases, the first books in the series were written by one writer, but subsequent books were written by ghostwriters . For instance, many of

969-466: Is a dispute on how many Halliday novels Dresser wrote himself, and how many were published under his pseudonym, but written by others. Usually it's supposed that he stopped writing completely, or for the most part, after Murder and the Wanton Bride (1958). With Lloyd Nolan : With Hugh Beaumont : Pen name A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise

1026-664: Is difficult to trace the authorship of many earlier literary works from India. Later writers adopted the practice of using the name of their deity of worship or Guru's name as their pen name. In this case, typically the pen name would be included at the end of the prose or poetry. Composers of Indian classical music used pen names in compositions to assert authorship, including Sadarang , Gunarang ( Fayyaz Ahmed Khan ), Ada Rang (court musician of Muhammad Shah ), Sabrang ( Bade Ghulam Ali Khan ), and Ramrang ( Ramashreya Jha ). Other compositions are apocryphally ascribed to composers with their pen names. Japanese poets who write haiku often use

1083-462: The Bessie Bunter series of English boarding school stories, initially written by the prolific Charles Hamilton under the name Hilda Richards, was taken on by other authors who continued to use the same pen name. In some forms of fiction, the pen name adopted is the name of the lead character, to suggest to the reader that the book is an autobiography of a real person. Daniel Handler used

1140-917: The United States Supreme Court which struck down mandatory school prayer as conflicting with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution . Joining Nolan and Eisley at the rally were Walter Brennan , Rhonda Fleming , Dale Evans , Pat Boone , and Gloria Swanson . At the rally, Nolan asked, "Do we permit ourselves to be turned into a godless people, or do we preserve America as one nation under God?" Eisley and Fleming added that John Wayne , Ronald Reagan , Roy Rogers , Mary Pickford , Jane Russell , Ginger Rogers , and Pat Buttram would also have attended

1197-529: The British politician Winston Churchill wrote under the name Winston S. Churchill to distinguish his writings from those of the American novelist of the same name . An author may use a pen name implying a rank or title which they have never actually held. William Earl Johns wrote under the name "Capt. W. E. Johns" although the highest army rank he held was acting lieutenant and his highest air force rank

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1254-601: The Jay Nolan Autistic Center (now known as Jay Nolan Community Services) in honor of his son, Jay, and was chairman of the annual Save Autistic Children Telethon. Nolan appeared alongside Ronald Reagan during the 1976 New Hampshire presidential primary in which he nearly scored an upset against President Gerald Ford . A long-time cigar and pipe smoker, Nolan died of lung cancer on September 27, 1985, at his home in Brentwood, California ; he

1311-550: The Nolan films, which were produced by 20th Century Fox , have been released on DVD: Michael Shayne, Private Detective ; Sleepers West ; Dressed to Kill ; Blue, White and Perfect and The Man Who Wouldn't Die . After the Fox series ended, five more Shayne films were made by Producers Releasing Corporation which featured Hugh Beaumont as the detective. There was also a TV series in 1960, starring Richard Denning , as well as

1368-688: The Southwest working at various odd jobs, including that of muleskinner, farm hand, deckhand on a freighter in the Gulf of Mexico , laborer in the California oilfields, etc. Eventually, he went to Tri-State College of Engineering , where he received a certificate in civil engineering. Back in Texas, he worked as an engineer and surveyor for several years before turning to writing in 1927. After his first marriage (to Kathleen Rollins, who had two daughters from

1425-421: The aliases Mark Twain and Sieur Louis de Conte for different works. Similarly, an author who writes both fiction and non-fiction (such as the mathematician and fantasy writer Charles Dodgson, who wrote as Lewis Carroll ) may use a pseudonym for fiction writing. Science fiction author Harry Turtledove has used the name H. N. Turtletaub for some historical novels he has written because he and his publisher felt that

1482-454: The author of the Warriors novel series, is a collective pen name used by authors Kate Cary , Cherith Baldry , Tui T. Sutherland , and the editor Victoria Holmes . Collaborative authors may also have their works published under a single pen name. Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee published their mystery novels and stories under the pen name Ellery Queen , which was also used to publish

1539-447: The author's gender, to distance the author from their other works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to merge multiple persons into a single identifiable author, or for any of several reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's real identity may be known only to the publisher or may become common knowledge. In some cases, such as those of Elena Ferrante and Torsten Krol ,

1596-693: The condition. In 1983, Nolan married Virginia Dabney, with whom he remained until his death. Nolan was a lifelong Republican . In 1964, Nolan spoke at the "Project Prayer" rally attended by 2,500 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The gathering, which was hosted by Anthony Eisley , a star of ABC's Hawaiian Eye series, sought to flood the United States Congress with letters in support of mandatory school prayer , following two decisions in 1962 and 1963 of

1653-552: The context of that genre. Romain Gary , who was a well-known French writer, decided in 1973 to write novels in a different style under the name Émile Ajar and even asked his cousin's son to impersonate Ajar; thus he received the most prestigious French literary prize twice, which is forbidden by the prize rules. He revealed the affair in a book he sent his editor just before committing suicide in 1980. A pen name may be shared by different writers to suggest continuity of authorship. Thus

1710-545: The end of the name (often marked by a graphical sign   ـؔ   placed above it) when referring to the poet by his full name. For example, Hafez is a pen-name for Shams al-Din , and thus the usual way to refer to him would be Shams al-Din Hafez or just Hafez . Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (his official name and title) is referred to as Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib , or just Mirza Ghalib . Lloyd Nolan Lloyd Benedict Nolan (August 11, 1902 – September 27, 1985)

1767-480: The enigmatic twentieth-century novelist B. Traven has never been conclusively revealed, despite thorough research. A multiple-use name or anonymity pseudonym is a pseudonym open for anyone to use and these have been adopted by various groups, often as a protest against the cult of individual creators. In Italy, two anonymous groups of writers have gained some popularity with the collective names of Luther Blissett and Wu Ming . Wuxia novelist Louis Cha uses

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1824-754: The late '30s and early-to-mid '40s and appeared as the title character in the Michael Shayne detective series. Raymond Chandler 's novel The High Window was adapted from a Philip Marlowe adventure for the seventh film in the Michael Shayne series, Time to Kill (1942); the film was remade five years later as The Brasher Doubloon , truer to Chandler's original story, with George Montgomery as Marlowe. A number of Nolan's films were light entertainment with an emphasis on action. His most famous include: Atlantic Adventure ; costarring Nancy Carroll ; Ebb Tide ; Wells Fargo ; Every Day's

1881-541: The later books in The Saint adventure series were not written by Leslie Charteris , the series' originator. Similarly, Nancy Drew mystery books are published as though they were written by Carolyn Keene , The Hardy Boys books are published as the work of Franklin W. Dixon , and The Bobbsey Twins series are credited to Laura Lee Hope , although numerous authors have been involved in each series. Erin Hunter ,

1938-523: The most extreme examples of this is Hokusai , who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six. Manga artist Ogure Ito uses the pen name Oh! great because his real name Ogure Ito is roughly how the Japanese pronounce "oh great". A shâ'er ( Persian from Arabic, for poet) (a poet who writes she'rs in Urdu or Persian ) almost always has a "takhallus", a pen name, traditionally placed at

1995-686: The most solvent commercial firms in San Francisco." Nolan served in the United States Merchant Marine before joining the Dennis Players theatrical troupe in Cape Cod . He began his career on stage and was subsequently lured to Hollywood , where he played mainly doctors , private detectives , and policemen in many film roles. Nolan's obituary in the Los Angeles Times contained the evaluation, "Nolan

2052-517: The name "Publius" because it recalled the founder of the Roman Republic and using it implied a positive intention. In pure mathematics , Nicolas Bourbaki is the pseudonym of a group of mostly French-connected mathematicians attempting to expose the field in an axiomatic and self-contained, encyclopedic form. A pseudonym may be used to protect the writer of exposé books about espionage or crime. Former SAS soldier Steven Billy Mitchell used

2109-489: The pen name Gum Yoong (金庸) by taking apart the components of the Chinese character in his given name (鏞) from his birth name Cha Leung-yung (查良鏞). In Indian languages, writers may put a pen name at the end of their names, like Ramdhari Singh Dinkar . Some writers, like Firaq Gorakhpuri , wrote only under a pen name. In early Indian literature, authors considered the use of names egotistical. Because names were avoided, it

2166-419: The presumed lower sales of those novels might hurt bookstore orders for the novels he writes under his name. Occasionally, a pen name is employed to avoid overexposure. Prolific authors for pulp magazines often had two and sometimes three short stories appearing in one issue of a magazine; the editor would create several fictitious author names to hide this from readers. Robert A. Heinlein wrote stories under

2223-442: The pseudonym Andy McNab for his book about a failed SAS mission titled Bravo Two Zero . The name Ibn Warraq ("son of a papermaker") has been used by dissident Muslim authors. Author Brian O'Nolan used the pen names Flann O'Brien and Myles na gCopaleen for his novels and journalistic writing from the 1940s to the 1960s because Irish civil servants were not permitted at that time to publish political writings. The identity of

2280-419: The pseudonym George Sand . Charlotte , Emily , and Anne Brontë published under the names Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, respectively. French-Savoyard writer and poet Amélie Gex chose to publish as Dian de Jeânna ("John, son of Jane") during the first half of her career. Karen Blixen 's very successful Out of Africa (1937) was originally published under the pen name Isak Dinesen. Victoria Benedictsson ,

2337-731: The pseudonym Lemony Snicket to present his A Series of Unfortunate Events books as memoirs by an acquaintance of the main characters. Some, however, do this to fit a certain theme. One example, Pseudonymous Bosch , used his pen name just to expand the theme of secrecy in The Secret Series . Authors also may occasionally choose pen names to appear in more favorable positions in bookshops or libraries , to maximize visibility when placed on shelves that are conventionally arranged alphabetically moving horizontally, then upwards vertically. Some female authors have used pen names to ensure that their works were accepted by publishers and/or

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2394-486: The pseudonyms of Anson MacDonald (a combination of his middle name and his then-wife's maiden name) and Caleb Strong so that more of his works could be published in a single magazine. Stephen King published four novels under the name Richard Bachman because publishers did not feel the public would buy more than one novel per year from a single author. Eventually, after critics found a large number of style similarities, publishers revealed Bachman's true identity. Sometimes

2451-460: The public. Such is the case of Peru's Clarinda , whose work was published in the early 17th century. More often, women have adopted masculine pen names. This was common in the 19th century when women were beginning to make inroads into literature but, it was felt they would not be taken as seriously by readers as male authors. For example, Mary Ann Evans wrote under the pen name George Eliot ; and Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, and Baronne Dudevant, used

2508-409: The rally had their schedules not been in conflict. "Project Prayer" was ultimately unsuccessful in its campaign to keep public prayer in public schools. In 1973, Nolan testified to Congress urging that autism be recognized as a developmental disability. Nolan is credited with having convinced Ronald Reagan to sign California's bill mandating education be provided to children with autism. Nolan founded

2565-412: The same pseudonym; examples include T. H. Lain in fiction. The Australian fiction collaborators who write under the pen name Alice Campion are a group of women who have so far written The Painted Sky (2015) and The Shifting Light (2017). In the 1780s, The Federalist Papers were written under the pseudonym "Publius" by Alexander Hamilton , James Madison , and John Jay . The three men chose

2622-585: The series. This was likewise the arrangement for the magazine, and later for the Dell paperback originals. Dresser was a founding member of the Mystery Writers of America , and in 1954 he and McCloy were given Edgar Awards for their critical writings on the genre. He also edited several anthologies of crime stories. He lived in Santa Barbara, California , until his death at the age of 72. There

2679-543: The story line, Dr. Pittman removed one of the legs of Jack Hoyt ( Robert Harland ) after Hoyt sustained a gunshot wound from which infection was developing. Hoyt wants to marry Susan Pittman ( Susan Oliver ), but her father is at first unyielding on the matter. Nolan starred in The Outer Limits episode " Soldier " written by Harlan Ellison . He appeared in the NBC Western Bonanza as LaDuke,

2736-624: The time, and real employees of the FBI interacted with Nolan throughout the film. Nolan reprised his role as FBI Agent Briggs in the 1948 movie, The Street with No Name . One of the last of his many military roles was playing an admiral at the start of what proved to be Howard Hughes' favorite film, Ice Station Zebra . Later in Nolan's career, he returned to the stage and appeared on television to great acclaim in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial , for which he received

2793-526: The title character in “The Hunter Malloy Story”, January 21, 1959. Nolan appeared three times on NBC's Laramie Western series , as sheriff Tully Hatch in the episode "The Star Trail (1959), as outlaw Matt Dyer in the episode "Deadly Is the Night" (1961) and then as former Union Army General George Barton in the episode "War Hero" (1962). On December 8, 1960, Nolan was cast as Dr. Elisha Pittman, in "Knife of Hate" on Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre . In

2850-491: The work of several ghostwriters they commissioned. The writers of Atlanta Nights , a deliberately bad book intended to embarrass the publishing firm PublishAmerica , used the pen name Travis Tea. Additionally, the credited author of The Expanse , James S. A. Corey , is an amalgam of the middle names of collaborating writers Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck respectively, while S. A. is the initials of Abraham's daughter. Sometimes multiple authors will write related books under

2907-444: The youngest of three children of Margaret, who was of Irish descent, and James Nolan, an Irish immigrant who was a shoe manufacturer . He attended Santa Clara Preparatory School and Stanford University , flunking out of Stanford as a freshman "because I never got around to attending any other class but dramatics." His parents disapproved of his choice of a career in acting, preferring that he join his father's shoe business, "one of

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2964-612: Was flying officer . Authors who regularly write in more than one genre may use different pen names for each, either in an attempt to conceal their true identity or even after their identity is known. Romance writer Nora Roberts writes erotic thrillers under the pen name J. D. Robb (such books were originally listed as by "J. D. Robb" and are now titled "Nora Roberts writing as J. D. Robb"); Scots writer Iain Banks wrote mainstream or literary fiction under his own name and science fiction under Iain M. Banks; Samuel Langhorne Clemens used

3021-548: Was an American stage, film and television actor who rose from a supporting player and B-movie lead early in his career to featured player status after creating the role of Captain Queeg in Herman Wouk 's play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial in the mid-1950s. Nolan won a Best Actor Emmy Award reprising the part in 1955 TV play based on Wouk's tale of military justice . Starting in the 1950s, Nolan worked extensively in television while appearing in major motion pictures as

3078-643: Was born in Chicago, Illinois , but mostly grew up in West Texas . Here he lost an eye to barbed wire as a boy, and thus had to wear an eye patch for the rest of his life. At the age of 14, he ran away from home and enlisted in the U.S. 5th Cavalry Regiment at Fort Bliss, Texas , followed by a year of Border Patrol duty on the Rio Grande . After his service, he returned to Texas to finish high school. In search of adventure, Dresser traveled throughout

3135-518: Was born in 1965. The first Michael Shayne novel was rejected by 21 publishers before being accepted by Henry Holt & Co. in 1939. The Shayne series went on to be highly successful, reprinted in many editions and translated into French, Spanish, Italian, German, Swedish, Japanese and Hebrew. A radio series based on the Shayne character was heard during the 1940s. Twelve motion pictures were made, seven of them featuring Lloyd Nolan as Shayne. Five of

3192-664: Was the first African American woman to star in a non-servant role in her own television series. One of his last appearances was a guest spot as himself in the 1984 episode "Cast in Steele" on the TV detective series Remington Steele . On February 8, 1960, Nolan received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in the television industry, at 1752 Vine Street . In his later years, Nolan appeared in commercials for Polident . Nolan married Mell Efrid in 1933. They had

3249-485: Was to both critics and audiences the veteran actor who works often and well regardless of his material." Although Nolan's acting was often praised by critics, he was, for the most part, relegated to B pictures . Despite this, Nolan co-starred with a number of well-known actresses, among them Mae West , Dorothy McGuire , and former Metropolitan Opera mezzo-soprano Gladys Swarthout . Under contract to Paramount and 20th Century Fox studios, he essayed starring roles in

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