Van Dyke ( Vandyke ) brown , also known as Cassel earth or Cologne earth , is a deep, rich, and warm brown colour often used in painting and printmaking. Early publications on the pigment refer to it as Cassel (or Kassel) earth or Cologne earth in reference to its city of origin; however, today it is typically called Van Dyke brown after the painter Anthony van Dyck .
9-973: Brown Line may refer to: Brown line, a process defined as siderotype , a monochrome printing process Brown Line (CTA) , Chicago Brown Line (Delhi Metro) , Delhi, India Brown Line (Mexico City Metro) , Mexico Brown Line (Pittsburgh) , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Bakerloo line , London, United Kingdom BMT Nassau Street Line , a rapid transit line in New York City J/Z (New York City Subway service) Tangerang Line of KRL Commuterline, Jakarta, Indonesia Paris Métro Line 11 , Paris, France Thomson–East Coast MRT line , Singapore Ma On Shan line , Hong Kong, China Tuen Ma line , Hong Kong, China U5 (Berlin U-Bahn) , Berlin, Germany Wenhu line , Taipei, Taiwan Copper Line (San Diego Trolley) , San Diego, California Topics referred to by
18-463: A range of effects and moods in an artwork. Since the nineteenth century, the sensitivity of Van Dyke brown to light has been a recurring preoccupation in literature on the pigment. Modern technical studies assess it to have poor to medium lightfastness. A study on the photochemical color change of traditional watercolor pigments in low oxygen levels took samples of Van Dyke brown from the nineteenth century and found that oxygen exposure did not affect
27-808: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Siderotype Siderotype is an iron-based photographic print. The term was coined by Sir John Frederick William Herschel . A short list of processes defined as siderotypes is as follows: amphitype , argentotype , argyrotype , aurotype , breath print , Brown Line, chromatic photo , chrysotype , cyanotype , ferrogallic process , kallitype , kelaenotype , Nakahara's Process , palladiotype , Pellet print , Phipson's process , platinotype , printout platinum , satista print , sepia platinotype , sepiatype and vandyke . References [ edit ] ^ The National Standard Encyclopedia: A Dictionary of Literature,
36-458: The 19th century Van dyke brown The colour was originally made from peat or soil , and has been applied as both watercolour and oil paints. Today, the pigment is made by combining asphaltum -like black with iron oxide . This replicates the colour of the original iron oxide-rich earth found in Cassel and Cologne , Germany. Although the color is named after Anthony van Dyck,
45-594: The Sciences and the Arts, for Popular Use. A Volume for Universal Reference Containing Over 20,000 Articles ... with 1,000 Illustrations . A. L. Burt . 1884-01-01. ^ Edinburgh Review, Or, Critical Journal . A. and C. Black. 1843-01-01. External links [ edit ] http://www.siderotype.com Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siderotype&oldid=1145709297 " Category : Photographic processes dating from
54-529: The fading. Despite being named for Anthony van Dyck, the pigment has not been found in technical analyses of his work. The pigment has been identified by infrared spectroscopy in numerous American paintings from the Upper Hudson Valley in the first half of the nineteenth century. The Doerner Institute in Munich has identified the pigment in sixty-one paintings, the majority of which are from
63-409: The nineteenth century its use spread to miniatures, crayons, and wood stains. Van Dyke brown is typically made by mixing raw umber or burnt sienna with black pigment, and as a rich, dark brown color, it is often used to create shadows and depth and can be mixed with other colors to create a range of earthy tones. Depending on how it is used and combined with other colors, Van Dyke brown can create
72-439: The origins of the pigment predate the painter by several centuries. The first use of Van Dyke brown is thought to date from as early as the sixteenth century. Manuscripts from the early seventeenth century testify to its use. Inconsistent use of terminology in historical sources has caused uncertainly as to how extensively the color was used in the past. Van Dyke brown was initially used in watercolor, oil, and encaustic, but in
81-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Brown Line . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brown_Line&oldid=1248711077 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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