18-614: Buxa Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve and national park in northern West Bengal , India , covering an area of 760 km (290 sq mi). It ranges in elevation from 60 m (200 ft) in the Gangetic Plains to 1,750 m (5,740 ft) bordering the Himalayas in the north. At least 284 bird species inhabit the reserve. Mammals present include Asian elephant , gaur , Sambar deer , clouded leopard , Indian leopard , and Asian golden cat . Buxa Tiger Reserve
36-413: A Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary and
54-439: A buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones. In 2006, National Tiger Conservation Authority was formed to administer the tiger reserves which were set up as a part of Project Tiger with Project Tiger becoming
72-592: A centrally sponsored scheme (CSS) to provide funding for the establishment and administration of the tiger reserves. In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of 9,115 km (3,519 sq mi) had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of 24,700 km (9,500 sq mi). By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of 33,000 km (13,000 sq mi). As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. During
90-1251: A survey in May 2000 to July 2001, 284 bird species were recorded including Eurasian griffon ( Gyps fulvus ), Amur falcon ( Falco amurensis ), Malayan night heron ( Gorsachius melanolophus ), Oriental pied hornbill ( Anthracoceros albirostris ), rufous-necked hornbill ( Aceros nipalensis ), chestnut-breasted partridge ( Arborophila mandellii ), cinnamon bittern ( Ixobrychus cinnamomeus ), stripe-breasted woodpecker ( Dendrocopos atratus ), velvet-fronted nuthatch ( Sitta frontalis ) and black-naped oriole ( Oriolus chinensis ). The Narathali lake, Raidāk and Jayanti rivers provide habitat to migratory birds like common merganser ( Mergus merganser ), Eurasian teal ( Anas crecca ), black-necked crane ( Grus nigricollis ), black stork ( Ciconia nigra ), and ferruginous pochard ( Aythya nyroca ). Two new frog species were discovered in 2006. The 73 mammal species include Indian leopard , Bengal tiger , clouded leopard , giant squirrel , gaur , chital and wild boar . 65 fish , 41 reptile and 4 amphibian species have been identified. In February 2018, both plain and spotted Asiatic golden cats ( Catopuma temminckii ) were recorded in
108-621: Is a wildlife conservation movement initiated in India to protect the endangered tiger . The project was initiated in 1973 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of the Government of India . As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves under the project. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of
126-750: Is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to the World Wide Fund and Global Tiger Forum. Project Tiger is headed by an additional director general (ADG) based at New Delhi with regional offices at Bangalore , Guwahati and Nagpur . The wildlife habitats that fall under Project Tiger are categorized into different conservation units: Shivalik-Terai , North East , Sunderbans , Western ghats , Eastern ghats , Central India and Sariska . Function under
144-494: Is the easternmost extension of extreme bio-diverse North-East India and represents highly endemic Indo-Malayan region. Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary is contiguous to the north of Buxa Tiger Reserve, and Manas National Park is to the east, so that Buxa Tiger Reserve serves as international corridor for Asian elephant migration between India and Bhutan. Buxa Tiger Reserve is contiguous with the Buxa Formation of Mamley in
162-673: The Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary. State government finally declared national park with notification No.3403-For/11B-6/95 dt. 05.12.1997. Buxa Tiger Reserve lies in Alipurduar district of West Bengal . Its northern boundary runs along the international border with Bhutan . The Sinchula hill range lies all along the northern side of Buxa Tiger Reserve, and the eastern boundary touches that of the Assam state. National Highway No.31 C roughly runs along its southern boundary. It
180-714: The ambit of Project Tiger include protection of tiger habitats, daily monitoring, facilitating ecological development for local people in the buffer zones, voluntary relocation of people from core/critical tiger habitats and addressing human-wildlife conflicts. As a part of the project, state are provided assistance on curtailing poaching activities such as disseminating information on poachers, assisting in combing forest floor to check for traps and other anti-poaching activities, maintaining tiger database, providing grants and training for deployment of Special Tiger Protection Force. Wireless communication systems, infrared thermal cameras and monitoring systems have been developed within
198-756: The reserve for the first time. Endangered species present in the reserve are leopard cat , Bengal florican , reticulated python , Chinese pangolin , hispid hare , hog deer lesser adjutant ( Leptoptilos javanicus ), white-rumped vulture ( Gyps bengalensis ), slender-billed vulture ( Gyps tenuirostris ), chestnut-breasted partridge ( Arborophila mandellii ), rufous necked hornbill ( Aceros nipalensis ), ferruginous pochard ( Aythya nyroca ) and great hornbill ( Buceros bicornis ). Hilly, Bhabhar and riverine tracts of core suffer from fire. Generally non timber forest produce collectors and shepherds put forests on fire. Poachers from Assam frequently come to poach Indian elephants. Tiger reserve Project Tiger
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#1732782989640216-406: The same on tiger conservation as it will increase human-animal conflict and might give opportunities for poaching. While others argue that this overlooks the reality of human-tiger coexistence and the abuse of power by authorities wherein local people who have been co-existing with the animals being evicted from their traditional lands rather than allowing them a proper role in decision-making to aid
234-649: The state of Sikkim, the stromatolite bearing dolomite limestones , which has been declared a national geological monument for their protection, maintenance, promotion and enhancement of geotourism . More than 450 species of trees, 250 species of shrubs, 400 species of herbs, 9 species of cane, 10 species of bamboo, 150 species of orchids , 100 species of grass and 130 species of aquatic flora including more than 70 sedges ( Cyperaceae ) have been identified so far. There are more than 160 species of other monocotyledons and ferns. The main trees are sal , champa , gamhar , simul and chikrasi . Forest types include: During
252-419: The tiger census of 2006, a new methodology was used extrapolating site-specific densities of tigers, their co-predators and prey derived from camera trap and sign surveys using GIS . Based on the result of these surveys, the total tiger population was estimated at 1,411 individuals ranging from 1,165 to 1,657 adult and sub-adult tigers of more than 1.5 years of age. The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated
270-454: The tiger reserves to assist in patrol activities. Project Tiger's efforts are hampered by poaching , deforestation , construction and irregularities in administration of certain reserves. The Forest Rights Act enacted by the Indian government in 2006 recognizes the rights of forest dwelling communities in the buffer zones. Some of the wildlife experts have questioned the implications of
288-537: The total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests , the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate. In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,603–3,346 wild tigers with an average of 2,967 in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022. As India
306-543: The world's wild tiger population. Project Tiger was initiated in 1973 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of the Government of India . The project was initiated to protect the Bengal Tiger and its habitats and to establish dedicated tiger reserves for sustaining tiger populations. As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 , the state governments are responsible preparing
324-400: Was created in 1983 as the 15th tiger reserve in India. In 1986, Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary was constituted over 314.52 km (121.44 sq mi) of the reserve forests. In 1991, 54.47 km (21.03 sq mi) was added to Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary. In 1992, the Government of West Bengal declared its intentions to constitute a national park over 117.10 km (45.21 sq mi) of
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