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16-652: Bull Run National Forest was established as the Bull Run Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in Oregon on June 17, 1892, with 142,080 acres (575.0 km). After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908, the entire forest was combined with part of Cascade National Forest to establish Oregon National Forest and

32-741: A bill to create grazing districts, but the bill failed to pass the US Senate . In 1933, Edward T. Taylor , a representative from Colorado, reintroduced the Colton bill as the Taylor bill. This bill set up the grazing bureau, or service in the Department of Interior, to administer the range lands. The Grazing Service was merged with the United States General Land Office in 1946 to form the Bureau of Land Management . Case studies by Phillip O. Foss on

48-595: Is a United States federal law that provides for the regulation of grazing on the public lands (excluding Alaska ) to improve rangeland conditions and regulate their use. The law initially permitted 80 million acres (32 million hectares) of previously unreserved public lands of the United States to be placed into grazing districts to be administered by the Department of the Interior . As amended,

64-630: The Bureau of Land Management on July 16, 1946. The GLO oversaw the surveying , platting , and sale of the public lands in the Western United States and administered the Homestead Act and the Preemption Act in disposal of public lands. The frantic pace of public land sales in the 19th century American West led to the idiomatic expression "land-office business", meaning a thriving or high-volume trade. For most of

80-798: The GLO gained a focus for conservation of renewable public resources, as well as for their exploitation. On July 16, 1946, the GLO was merged with the United States Grazing Service (established in 1934 under the Taylor Grazing Act ) to become the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), an agency of the Interior Department responsible for administering the remaining 264,000,000 acres (1,070,000 km ) of public lands still in federal ownership. An early commissioner

96-440: The active period of public land settlement, district land offices were the basic operating units that conducted the business of transferring title. All transactions relative to the disposal of public land within a declared land district were handled through its land office by officials designated as registers , who recorded land applications, and receivers , who accepted payments for land and issued receipts. The position of receiver

112-421: The districts. Also permits can be given to build fences, reservoirs , and other improvements. The permittees are required to pay a fee, and the permit cannot exceed ten years but is renewable. Permits can be revoked because of severe drought or other natural disasters that deplete grazing lands. During the administration of President Herbert Hoover , it became clear that federal regulation of public land use

128-537: The law now sets no limit on the amount of lands in grazing districts. Currently, there are approximately 162 million acres (66 million ha) inside grazing allotments. These can be vacant, unappropriated, and unreserved land from public lands, all except for Alaska , national forests , parks, monuments, Indian reservations , railroad grant lands, and revested Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands . Surrounding landowners may be granted right of passage over these districts. Permits are given for grazing privileges in

144-462: The name was discontinued. The lands are now part of Mount Hood National Forest . 45°22′14″N 121°42′14″W  /  45.37056°N 121.70389°W  / 45.37056; -121.70389  ( Mount Hood National Forest ) United States General Land Office Placed under the Department of the Interior when that department was formed in 1849, it was merged with the United States Grazing Service (established in 1934) to become

160-492: The newly created Forest Service , under the Department of Agriculture . Beginning in the early 20th century, the GLO shifted from a primary function of land sales to issuing leases and collecting grazing fees for livestock raised on public lands, and royalties from minerals off lands recently withdrawn from disposal under the Withdrawal Act of 1910, as well as other custodial duties. Thus, beginning around 1900,

176-745: The official survey records of the GLO and BLM on a township basis. The GCDB data are available for download by the public in GIS shapefile format from the GeoCommunicator Land Survey Information System website. The GCDB coordinates are also available to the public in the GCDB flat file and GCDB coverage formats via the National Operations Center website. Taylor Grazing Act The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 ( TGA , Pub. L.   73–482 )

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192-561: The role of local grazing advisory committees established by the Taylor Grazing Act in regulating the grazing of livestock on federal public lands found that such committees were often dominated by the same ranchers and cattlemen whose activities were supposed to be regulated, indicating that grazing regulation had been " captured " by the regulated interests. A 2022 study found the law, which demarcated property rights, led to greater land productivity in large grazing districts in

208-554: Was John McLean , later an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . The BLM makes images of GLO records (federal land patents, survey plats and field notes, land status records, and tract books) issued between 1787 and present publicly available on its website. Since 1990, the BLM's Geographic Coordinates Database (GCDB) program has endeavored to generate coordinate values for each established PLSS corner using

224-471: Was abolished, July 1, 1925, and the functions devolved upon the register, whose title was changed to "manager" in 1946. The first of 362 district land offices was opened at Steubenville, Ohio , on July 2, 1800; the last at Newcastle, Wyoming , on March 1, 1920. The peak year for land offices was 1890, with 123 in operation. The subsequent closing of the public domain gradually reduced the number of land offices, until, in 1933, only 25 offices remained. The GLO

240-640: Was needed to address the root causes of the Dust Bowl . Since vast portions were used for livestock grazing, the importance of range management loomed large. The advocacy of John Francis Deeds , chief of the Agricultural Division of the Geological Survey and deputy director of the Department's Grazing Division, was influential in bringing about the benefits of the Taylor Grazing Act. Congressman Don B. Colton of Utah introduced

256-560: Was placed under the Secretary of the Interior when the Department of the Interior was formed in 1849. Reacting to public concerns about forest conservation, Congress in 1891 authorized the President to withdraw timber lands from disposal. Grover Cleveland then created 17 forest reserves of nearly 18,000,000 acres (73,000 km ), which were initially managed by the GLO. In 1905, Congress transferred responsibility for these reserves to

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