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23-449: Bullnose trim is used to provide a smooth, rounded edge for countertops, staircase steps, building corners, verandas , or other construction. Masonry units such as bricks, concrete masonry units or structural glazed facing tiles may be ordered from manufacturers with square or bullnosed corners. When referring to bullnose, it is sometimes modified by adding the word quarter or half. In the illustration, one piece of quarter-bullnose tile

46-500: A 180-degree curve, in order to create a more finished appearance. This would effectively double the thickness of that portion which extends beyond the cabinetry. A bullnose is used in highway construction in North America to buffer and protect the end of the crash barrier or Jersey barrier at entrance and exit ramps. The term bullnose originates from the rounded nose of a bull. This architecture -related article

69-471: A transition space leading to an enclosed environment. Sometimes the sides are covered by wooden jali walls. It offers a temporary resting space to house members during the afternoon and evening. In regions with heavy snowfall, especially Aomori and Niigata prefectures, structures called Gangi-Zukuri ( ja:雁木造 ) have been developed since the Edo period . For example, the total length of Gangi in old Takada city

92-500: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Veranda A veranda (also spelled verandah in Australian and New Zealand English ) is a roofed , open-air hallway or porch , attached to the outside of a building. A veranda is often partly enclosed by a railing and frequently extends across the front and sides of the structure. Although the form verandah is correct and very common, some authorities prefer

115-597: Is a common feature of domestic buildings. Porches were a natural idea in India, a mostly warm, tropical country. In Gujarat the porch area is called the otala and in the Hindi belt it is known as alinda . These structures are not only used to cool off, but also as a centre of social life where neighbours can talk and kids play, or as a religious centre where rituals and worship of certain Gods can take place. In Southern India,

138-455: Is juxtaposed with a plain piece of tile, to create a finished look — note that the top trim strip shows a quarter-bullnose on two of its sides. However, when referring to counter tops (such as a granite counter top in a kitchen) which extends beyond the edge of the underlying cabinetry, either a quarter-bullnose or half-bullnose edge may be used. A half-bullnose can be constructed by bonding two sections with quarter-bullnose, effectively creating

161-600: Is over 16 Kilometers. In Poland, the word "weranda" is commonly used for the unheated roofed annex to a house, without walls or with glass walls. In Sri Lanka, verandahs original derivation was from traditional vernacular architecture and are known as "Pila" in Sinhalese. Both front and rear veranda examples are also known and common feature in local vernacular architecture. Traditionally, domestic vernacular architecture layouts were also influenced by Sri Lankan Buddhist Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra text, which in turn

184-654: The Arabian Sea in the west, the Daman Ganga River in the north, and the River Aghanashini in the south. The Gangavalli flows in the district of Uttara Kannada in present-day Karnataka . Its northern bank constitutes the southernmost portion of Konkan. The towns of Karwar , Ankola , Kumta , Honavar , and Bhatkal fall within the Konkan coast. The largest city on the Konkan coast is Mumbai ,

207-574: The western coast of India , bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the east. The hinterland east of the coast has numerous river valleys, riverine islands and the hilly slopes known as the Western Ghats ; that lead up into the tablelands of the Deccan . The region has been recognised by name, since at least

230-607: The 1850s. The Victorian Filigree architecture style is used by residential (particularly terraced houses in Australia and New Zealand) and commercial buildings (particularly hotels ) across Australia and features decorative screens of wrought iron, cast iron "lace" or wood fretwork. The Queenslander is a style of residential construction in Queensland , Australia, which is adapted to subtropical climates and characterized in part by its large verandas, which sometimes encircle

253-926: The Vanarmare is found in southern parts of Konkan, which was originally associated with the hunting of monkeys. The Gauda and Velip tribes are found in Goa. The Jewish community called Bene Israel is mainly found in Raigad district . The Christians included Bombay East Indians in North Konkan and Mumbai , Goan Catholics in Goa , Karwari Catholics in Uttara Kannada as well as Mangalorean Catholics in Udupi and Dakshina Kannada . Major Muslim communities like Konkani Muslims and Nawayaths are scattered throughout

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276-483: The Western United States in the early 1900s) commonly incorporates verandas, both on the exterior of buildings and, in cases of buildings with courtyards, along the interior walls of courtyards. In some cases, homes were constructed with every room opening into a courtyard veranda, rather than interior corridors or direct connections to other rooms. Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by

299-456: The entire house. The bandeirista style house from Brazil typically has a veranda positioned to face the sunrise. In Hong Kong, verandas often appear on the upper floor of the first to third generations of Tong Lau (shophouses) due to a lack of space since the 19th century. Early known examples of verandah in domestic architecture come from Vastu shastra texts which lay out plans and describe methods to build houses, where alinda (veranda)

322-481: The latter being defined as the coastal area between the Daman Ganga River in the north and the Gangavalli River in the south. The ancient Sapta Konkan was a larger geographical area that extended from Gujarat to Kerala and included the whole region of coastal Maharashtra and coastal Karnataka . However, this segment overlaps the Konkan and Malabar coast continuum; and usually corresponds to

345-402: The noted Chinese Buddhist monk, mentioned this region in his book as Konkana Desha ; Varahamihira 's Brihat-Samhita described Konkan as a region of India; and 15th-century author Ratnakosh mentioned the word Konkandesha. The Konkan extends throughout the western coasts of Maharashtra , and Goa . It is bounded by the Western Ghats mountain range (also known as Sahyadri) in the east,

368-480: The parts of Karnataka which are near to Konkan. Tribal communities include the Katkari , Thakar, Konkana , Warli and Mahadev Koli, mainly found in the northern and central parts of Konkan. The Dubla and Dhodia tribes live in southern Gujarat , Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Palghar district of Maharashtra . Palghar district has the largest percentage of tribal population in Konkan. A small nomadic tribe called

391-670: The southernmost and northernmost stretches of these locales respectively. According to the Sahyadrikhanda of the Skanda Purana , Parashurama threw his axe into the sea and commanded the Sea God to recede up to the point where his axe landed. The new piece of land thus recovered came to be known as Saptah-Konkana , meaning "piece of earth", "corner of the earth", or "piece of the corner", derived from Sanskrit words: koṇa (कोण, corner) + kaṇa (कण, piece). Xuanzang ,

414-970: The state capital of Maharashtra . Districts on the Konkan coast are, from north to south: The main ethnolinguistic group of the Konkan region is the Konkani people . Specific caste and communities found in the region are the Aagri , Koli , Bhandari , Kunbi , Maratha , Gabit , Mangela, Karadi, Phudagi, Vaiti, Kharvi , Teli , Kumbhar , Nhavi , Dhobi , Kasar , Sutar , Lohar , Chambhar , Mahar , Dhangar , Gaud Saraswat Brahmin (also includes Rajapur Saraswats and Chitrapur Saraswats), Kudaldeshkar , Pathare Prabhu , Gomantak Maratha , Chitpavan Brahmins , Karhade Brahmins , Daivadnya , Kayastha Prabhu , Panchkalshi , Vani , Komarpant , Vadval Gavli , Ghorpi, Nath Jogi, Gurav , Pagi, Kalan, Ghadi, Padti, Vanjari, Namdev Shimpi and others. Billava , Bunt , Nadavara , Mogaveera and Linghayat communities found in

437-409: The term thinnai is used, and these structures are very common. This area serves a religious purpose in addition to a social one, and is the centre of everyday life for many. Konkan 's architecture is influenced by nature. It is sustainable and cost-effective. In Konkan traditional architecture, the veranda is called otti , a semi-open space with low seating covered with a permanent roof. It serves as

460-562: The time of Strabo in the third century CE . It had a thriving mercantile port with Arab tradesmen from the 10th century. The best-known islands of Konkan are Ilhas de Goa , the site of the Goa state 's capital at Panjim ; also, the Seven Islands of Bombay , on which lies Mumbai , the capital of Maharashtra and the headquarters of Konkan Division . Historically, the limits of Konkan have been flexible, and it has been known by additional names like " Aparanta " and "Gomanchal",

483-615: The version without an "h" (the Concise Oxford English Dictionary gives the "h" version as a variant and The Guardian Style Guide says "veranda not verandah"). Australia's Macquarie Dictionary prefers verandah . Veranda , as used in the United Kingdom and France, was brought by the British from India ( Hindi : बरामदा ). While the exact origin of the word is unknown, scholars suggest that

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506-479: The word may have originated in India or may have been adopted from the Portuguese and spread further to the British and French colonists. Ancient and medieval Indian texts on domestic architecture like Vastu shastra uses the word "Alinda" for this architectural feature. The veranda has featured quite prominently in Australian vernacular architecture and first became widespread in colonial buildings during

529-549: Was influenced by Indian Vastu Shastra texts. The Creole townhouse in New Orleans, Louisiana , is also noted for its prominent use of verandas. In fact, most houses constructed in the Southern United States before the advent of air conditioning were built with a covered front porch or veranda. Spanish Colonial architecture (as well as the "Mission style" revivalist version that became popular in

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