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29-555: The Bullenkuhle lies about 15 kilometres south of the town of Uelzen and a good kilometre west of the village of Bokel (in the municipality of Sprakensehl ) at the edge of a large pine forest at a height of about 95 metres (312 ft) above NN. A stream emerges in the immediate vicinity which is initially called the Bokeler Bach and, later, becomes the Aue and finally, after combining with other streams, becomes an Elbe tributary,

58-429: A depth of several hundred metres can result in the ground collapsing right up to the surface. This results in prominent, often steep-sided and deep hollows called sinkholes or dolines (although dolines can have other morphogenetic causes, particularly in karst regions). Many of these funnel-shaped hollows remain dry, in others water collects that can later become marshy. Sinkholes are geologically often very recent; it

87-522: A diameter of about 130 metres (430 ft) and attains a depth of 15 metres (49 ft). Exactly when the Bullenkuhle was formed is not known. This would need a stratigraphic investigation and pollen analysis of the vertical profile of the sinkhole (see Maujahn Moor ). The visitor to the Bullenkuhle comes across a basin-shaped hollow with steep sides of 30 to 60° in places. At the foot of

116-659: A small role in the Hanseatic League, there is evidence that it traded with Livonia and Spain . At the Schnellenmarket , a London trading office purchased Uelzener linen , earthenware pitchers were offered for sale and brewery business flourished. On 21 October 1470, Uelzen was the venue for a Hanseatic League Convention. This was a special honor, as these annual resolutions of the association of cities usually took place in Lübeck . The town became part of

145-456: A typical oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). The average temperature ranges from 1 °C (34 °F) in winter to 18 °C (64 °F) in summer, with precipitation concentrated from May to August. On average, there are 11 days with a maximum temperature of over 30 °C (86 °F) per year, and high temperatures of over 35 °C (95 °F) occur every four years on average. The Uelzen weather station has recorded

174-491: Is a town in northeast Lower Saxony , Germany , and capital of the district of Uelzen . It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region , a Hanseatic town and an independent municipality. Uelzen is characterised by timber-framed architecture and also has some striking examples of North German brick Gothic . The town earned pan-regional fame when Friedensreich Hundertwasser was selected to redesign

203-412: Is a waterbody in the middle of a raised or kettle bog , formerly also in percolating mires ( Durchströmungsmooren ). It is also called a bog pool , bog eye , raised bog kolk , bog kolk or just kolk . Bog ponds owe their existence to the growth of the bog body and are thus of biogenic origin. Brown bog ponds are surrounded by peat and receive their water exclusively from precipitation or from

232-499: Is also noteworthy and some species are peculiar to marsh biotopes . In particular there are up to eight species of amphibian as well as adders . 52°48′47″N 10°31′01″E  /  52.81306°N 10.51694°E  / 52.81306; 10.51694 Uelzen Uelzen ( German: [ˈʏltsn̩] ; Low German : Ülz'n ), officially the Hanseatic Town of Uelzen (German: Hansestadt Uelzen ),

261-1150: Is not uncommon for them to be only a few thousand years old and many hollows only date back a few hundred years. Examples of sinkhole lakes and marshes include very large lakes like the Arendsee and the Zwischenahner Meer – both at least 500 hectares in area – the Seeburger See , the Sager Meer in Oldenburg district , the Rudower See in Westprignitz district or the "bottomless marsh" ( Grundloses Moor ) in Soltau-Fallingbostel district and Maujahn in Lüchow-Dannenberg district . The Bullenkuhle belongs to this group, albeit considerably smaller. This sinkhole has

290-680: Is the Holdenstedt Castle Museum which is the town's local history museum. Permanent exhibitions include furniture from the Middle Ages, a glass collection, artwork by painter Georg Wolf, and archaeological finds from the local area. The largest sugar beet refinery in the Nordzucker group is in Uelzen. It processes approximately 20,000 tons of sugar beet per day. Other large employers in the town are Nestlé Schöller or

319-438: Is there stretch of open water about 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres) in area and several metres deep; a so-called bog pond . With an electrolytic conductivity of 24 μS/cm this wetland is very oligotrophic , it is rich in humus and, with a pH value of 5.0, moderately acidic. It is populated by typical marsh plants like peat mosses , bladderworts and the rare Dwarf White Water Lily ( Nymphaea candida ). In addition to peat mosses,

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348-786: The Electorate of Hanover in 1708, the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the Prussian Province of Hanover in 1866. Uelzen was the site of a Nazi concentration camp that operated in Uelzen until 17 April 1945. The camp was a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp . Uelzen was hit by five air raids during World War II , on 18 April 1944, 10 November 1944, 27 November 1944, 22 February 1945 and 7 April 1945. Across these raids, 1362 buildings were destroyed or damaged. The heaviest raid

377-690: The River Ilmenau . The area belongs to the southeast fringes of the Hohen Heide in the centre of the Lüneburg Heath . This landscape formed from end and ground moraines and periglacial sediments was created geomorphologically mainly by the edges of the ice sheet during the later phases of the Saalian glaciation , i.e. during the so-called Drenthe II stage and the final glacial advance of

406-427: The floating mat pressing in on the bog pond consists mainly of Hare's-tail Cottongrass , Cross-leaved Heath , Common Heather and Crowberry ; as well as White Beak-sedge and Cranberry . The largely unwooded terrain can be described as flat to slightly rounded intermediate marsh ( Zwischenmoor ). On its periphery is a ring-shaped bog, which is slightly better supplied with nutrients from precipitation running down

435-637: The Lüneburg Heath is maritime temperate . In north Germany there are numerous salt domes under the ground – relicts of the Zechstein Sea from the Permian period, which were later relocated and deformed tectonically . When rock salt comes into contact with ground water it leaches away; i.e. the salt is absorbed by the water and transported off. This can lead to the development of large caverns that finally cave in. Sometimes such an event at

464-632: The Oberlandesgericht (High State Court) region of Celle . Schools in Uelzen include the Herzog-Ernst-Gymnasium, Lessing-Gymnasium, Oberschule-Uelzen, Lucas-Backmeister-Schule, Sternschule, Berufsbildene Schulen I and II and 6 elementary schools. Uelzen has one hospital ( HELIOS Klinikum ), two clinics that specialise in different areas ( Klinik Veerßen and Psychiatrische Klinik Uelzen ) and some pharmacies and dentists. Bog pond A bog pond ( German : Moorauge )

493-487: The Warthe stage. The crests of the undulating ridges of end moraines are usually covered with pine forests growing on sandy soils; the ground moraines were used for agriculture. The typical open heath landscape of the Lüneburg Heath - which arose anthropogenically through overexploitation of forests, burning, plaggen cutting and grazing - only exists today in fragments in the area around the Bullenkuhle. The macroclimate of

522-459: The borough of Uelzen: Groß Liedern, Halligdorf, Hambrock, Hansen, Hanstedt II, Holdenstedt , Kirchweyhe , Klein Süstedt, Masendorf, Mehre, Molzen, Oldenstadt, Riestedt, Ripdorf, Tatern, Veerßen, Westerweyhe, and Woltersburg. Furthermore, there are four other places that have the status of "special parishes" ( Sonstige Ortsteile ): Borne, Kl. Liedern, Pieperhöfen, and Oldenstadt-West. Uelzen has

551-536: The dairy manufacturer Uelzena . Bituminous roofing felts and insulation material has been manufactured in Uelzen by C. Hasse & Sohn since 1872. The Hundertwasserbahnhof is a railway station in Uelzen at the eastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath Nature Park in northeastern Lower Saxony . Cities directly reachable by rail from this hub are Hamburg , Hannover , Lüneburg , Celle , Braunschweig , Bremen and Berlin . The original station

580-708: The east–west axis from Bremen to Berlin . Also of economic importance is its location on the Elbe Lateral Canal . The town is situated on the Ilmenau , and the banks in Uelzen are dotted with small parks wetland areas. Large areas in the vicinity of Uelzen have been set aside as nature parks with moors, woods, lakes, and heathland: the Elbhöhen-Wendland Nature Park , Lüneburg Heath Nature Park and Lower Saxon Elbe Valley Water Meadows Biosphere Reserve. The following parishes belong to

609-572: The following extreme values: Uelzen belongs to the Bundestag constituency of Celle -Uelzen. In 2009 Henning Otte (CDU) was directly elected, having been on the state list (place 19) since 2005. Kirsten Lühmann (SPD) was elected in 2009 via the state list. In the years 1998, 2002 and 2005 Peter Struck (SPD), former defense minister and chairman of the SPD party in the German Bundestag,

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638-648: The large rain storage capacity of raised bogs. Such kolks generally represent the non-evaporating excess water of a bog. The central waterbody of these bogs exhibit almost no sedimentation . The accumulation of nutrients can lead to the formation of floating mats . Their vegetation differs from that of other structures in the bog. Usually the edges of the kolk are more nutrient-rich as a result of mineralisation processes caused by wave and wind action. Here woody plants, such as downy birch ( Betula pubescens ), and other species of plant, e.g. purple moor grass ( Molinia caerulea ), may establish, that otherwise are missing on

667-471: The railway station: the final work of the celebrated Viennese artist and architect was ceremonially opened in 2000 as the Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen , and remains a popular tourism destination. The Polabian name for Uelzen is Wilcaus (spelled Wiltzaus in older German reference material), possibly derived from wilca or wilsa (< Slavic * olăša ) 'alder'. The town

696-405: The slopes of glacial sands is a marsh covering about 0.5 hectares (1.2 acres) that on closer inspection turns out to be a 'quaking bog' ( Schwingrasen or Schwingmoor ) - a floating mat of moss and other plants, under which there is presumably no homogeneous layer of peat, but at least in places just a body of water. The floating mat covers at least 80% of the wetland or marsh, only in the northeast

725-475: The slopes than the centre of the marsh. Bottle Sedge reeds thrive particularly well here. The slopes of the funnel-shaped terrain are covered with low vegetation such as Common Heather, Bilberry , and Cranberry , and also with Purple Moor Grass and trees. The latter include several very large and old Juniper bushes and trees, especially conspicuous and typical of the terrain. Other varieties include birch trees, Buckthorn bushes and pines. The animal world

754-601: Was directly elected. Jürgen Markwardt (independent) has been the mayor of Uelzen since 2014, when he was elected with 64.4% of the vote. The deputy mayors are Karsten Jäkel (CDU) and Ariane Schmäschke (The Greens). Uelzen is twinned with: Uelzen contains a number of theaters, including the theatre on the Ilmenau, the Jabelmann Events Hall, and the fringe theatre on the Rosenmauer. Worthy of mention

783-558: Was founded in 1250. In 1270 Duke John of Brunswick-Lüneburg , a Welf who ruled the Principality of Lüneburg from 1252 to 1277, granted Uelzen its town privileges ( Stadtrechte ). In the Middle Ages it became an active member of the Hanseatic League . The town fortification , built in the 14th century, originally had three gates , a wall , and a moat . Parts of the wall are still standing. While Uelzen only played

812-421: Was on 22 February 1945 when 149 people lost their lives and 95 houses were completely destroyed. On 7 April 1944, three civilians were killed and 153 houses were destroyed or damaged. Estimates indicate up to 27% of the town was destroyed at some point during the war. Uelzen lies on the eastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath . The town is a transport hub on the north–south axis from Hamburg to Hanover as well as

841-465: Was renovated for Expo 2000 following plans by the Austrian artist and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser . An "environmentally, culturally oriented" station, the station was renamed after the architect as 'Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen'. Today it is one of the town's popular tourist attractions. Uelzen has a district court ( Amtsgericht ), which belongs to the state court region of Lüneburg and

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