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28-478: Bundibugyo is a town in the Western Region of Uganda . It is the 'chief town' of Bundibugyo District and the district headquarters are located there. Bundibugyo is located approximately 85 kilometres (53 mi), by road, west of Fort Portal , the nearest large city. The direct distance is much shorter, due to the steep terrain and winding nature of the roads in the neighborhood. The town of Bundibugyo

56-469: A form confederacy of several states united by a parliament called Muhabuzi, and a constitutional monarchy led by a trimviate that consisted of an empress dowager (Omu'Gabe'kati), a female ruler (Omu'Go), and a male ruler (Omu'Kama). The confederacy emerged from a single Songora state that dates back to the 12th century consisted of several provinces including Kisaka-Makara, Kitagwenda, Bugaya, Bunyaruguru and Kiyanja. According to their own oral history ,

84-483: A great import impact on the diet, health and appearance of the Songora. Age determines seniority in social relations, and men and women are considered equal. The Songora are generally monogamous. Traditionally the Songora were monotheistic. The Songora reacted to a tetanus epidermic in the 1880s by requiring everyone in the community to remove the four front lower teeth, as a means to force-feed medication to victims of

112-591: A mixed Nilotic / Bantu group in East and Central Africa , traditionally residing in the foothills and plains at the floor of the western arm of the Great Rift Valley and the hills around the base of the Rwenzori Mountain Range . The Songora traditional economy was largely based on cattle-rearing, as well as salt-manufacture and trade in iron. The political organization of the Songora was

140-460: Is located approximately 378 kilometres (235 mi), by road, west of Kampala , the largest city and national capital of Uganda. The geographical coordinates of Bundibugyo town are:0°42'45.0"N 30°03'36.0"E (Latitude:0.712500; Longitude: 30.059999). Bundibugyo Town Council sits at an average elevation of 3,461 feet (1,055 m) above mean sea level , lying between 2,477 feet (755 m) and 7,733 feet (2,357 m) above sea level. Bundibugyo

168-592: Is named), Rutairuka, Makora, and Kaihura. During the post colonial era, beginning in the early 1960s, the Songora didn't formally have rulers recognized by the central governments in Uganda and Congo/ Zaire . However, there are several notable Songora personalities in various fields that have played a key role in maintaining the presence of the community. Among them are Timothy Bazarrabusa-an educationalist who served as Uganda's first High Commissioner to London, Amon Bazira , who served as Director of Intelligence, as Chair of

196-563: Is one of four regions in the country of Uganda . As of Uganda's 2014 census , the Western region's population was 8,874,862. As of 2010, the western Region contained four Political Subregions, From North to South; 1- Bunyoro Subregion 2- Rwenzori Subregion aka Greater Tooro 3- Ankole Subregion and 4- Kigezi Subregion As of 2024, the Western Region contained 3 cities and 34 districts : The Western Region borders with

224-618: Is one of the most western of all Uganda's district capitals. Although Kisoro , Kanungu and Rukungiri are located further west than Bundibugyo, it is the only Ugandan district capital located west of the Rwenzori Mountains . It sits at an altitude of approximately 900 metres (3,000 ft), above sea level. The predominant ethnicities in the town are the Bamba and the Bakonjo . However other ethnicities coexist with them including

252-583: The Batooro , Bakiga , Banyoro and the Banyankole . The 2002 national census enumerated the population of Bundibugyo at 13,782. In 2010, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), estimated the population of the town at 20,500. In 2011, UBOS estimated the mid-year population of Bundibugyo at 21,600. In 2014, the national population census put the town's population at 18,823. In 2015 UBOS estimated

280-820: The Democratic Republic of Congo in the west and the Northern tip of Rwanda as well as Tanzania in the South. It is home to the Banyakitara i.e Banyoro , Batooro , Babwisi , Songora people , Banyankore , Bakiga . And Bakonzo , Bamba , Bafumbira , e.t.c Songora people The colonial and neo-colonial governments in Central Africa instituted programs to encourage the Basongora to abandon their traditional lifestyle, and most of

308-473: The Basongora emerged from the ancient empires of Shenzi/Chwezi. The traditional homeland of the Basongora is the region centred in the foothills and plains that surround the Rutshuru and Rwenzori mountain ranges. Some of the most notable Songora monarchs include Kyomya Bwachali who died around 1850, and was the maternal grandfather of King Ntare V of Nkore kingdom. The last precolonial King of Busongora

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336-421: The Basongora. This coincided with peak cotton production between 1987 and 1989 and it is in the same period that Basongora were displaced from their ancestral lands of Bukangara and Rweihingo. On 12 May 2012 Basongora revived their ancient kingdom that had been dismembered and abolished during the colonial occupation one hundred years prior. On 1 July 2012, the Songora installed Bwebale Ivan Rutakirwa Rwigi IV as

364-626: The Congo did not return to the area until 1964 due to the strife caused by the Mulele rebellion there. In 1925, Parc Nationale des Virunga was created by the Belgian colonial authorities encompassing areas of the chiefdom of Kiyanja (of the Bamooli clan), Kakunda (now called Kyavinyonge), Rwemango, Makara, Kashansha and Bugaya among others and pressure to protect the adjoining ecosystem in Uganda led to

392-581: The Mubuku Irrigation Scheme. When the cotton industry plummeted in the 1970s, the general Ugandan public lost interest in cotton, thus giving the Basongora pastoralists a chance to resettle in vast plains of Nyakatonzi. When the NRM government introduced the decentralization policy, it was hijacked by the extremist fringe of the Bakonjo and was seen as an opportunity to displace and subjugate

420-583: The Rwamashonje family, the Rubuubi family, the Rwakashamba family, Yefesi Saiba, and Ananais Mulumba, Isimbwa Kiiza Kagoro Mayor Katwe-Kabatoro Town Council 2006 to 2016. Songora society is strongly pastoral. Cattle motifs form an important part of the language. Cattle have an important place in the imagination, poetry and art of the community. The disciplines required in the management of cattle have

448-783: The Security & Defence Parliamentary Committee, and as State Minister of Lands, Waters and Mineral resources in Uganda from 1981 to 1985, General James Kazini was commander of the Uganda People's Defence Force, Lt. Col. Jet Mwebaze a commander within the UPDF. Other notable Basongora include the Noble Sirasi Kisankara, the prophet Yombo Yowasi, the Rwabukurukuru family, Baguma Sam Twebaze, Wilson Isingoma, Boaz Kafuda, Prof. Mbabi-Katana, Enoch Rukidi, Kosia Mpazi,

476-650: The best soil and suitable climate for cotton growing was in the Bwengo area and other plains of the Busongora County in Kasese. Although some remained in the park – albeit illegally, thousands of others moved across the border with their herds into the Virunga National Park in the Congo. Between the 1940s and 1950s, the cotton growing enterprise lured particularly the Bakonjo from the highlands to

504-400: The disease. When the epidermic ended, many Songora continued with the teeth removal even though it was no longer necessary in the era of syringes and other means of treatment. In recent decades the traditional Songora territory has yielded interesting artefacts that are of great value to general human history. The Ishango Bone is one of the items that was found in Songora territory. While

532-404: The early rulers. List of Busongora rulers: Other notable figures in ancient Songora history include at least two empresses; Nyakahuma, and Kitami rwa Nyawera . The Queen Kiboga of Nkore was a Songora. She was also mother to Nkore's King Ntare V , and sister to King Kaihura of the Songora. Princess Kantunguru of Nkore was also a Songora and has a town named after her in western Uganda. Many of

560-520: The establishment of game reserves around Lake George (Known as Rweishamba by Basongora) and Lake Edward (locally known as Rweru) between 1906 and 1950. Several name changes followed and Kazinga National Park was gazetted in 1952 and in 1954 it was renamed Queen Elizabeth National Park by the colonial administration. This left only limited land for the pastoral Basongora. In 1940s the colonial government introduced cotton growing in Busongora. By coincidence,

588-494: The king of "BuSongora Kingdom", and claimed twenty sub-counties of Uganda as their territory. The sub-counties include: Muhokya, Bugoye, Nyakatonzi, Katwe, Karusandara, Mubuku, Ibuga, Hamukungu, Kasenyi, Busunga, and Katunguru, among others. The kingdom also claimed their ancestral areas of Shema, Bunyaruguru and Kitagwenda in Uganda, as well as Virunga National Park in the Congo, as part of the kingdom. King Rwigi IV died on 28 April 2015. NB: The dates are approximate for most of

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616-555: The largest source of fresh produce in the town 4. Bundibugyo General Hospital , a 160-bed public hospital administered by the Uganda Ministry of Health 5. A branch of Stanbic Bank 6. Bundibugyo Airport , a civilian airport 7. Ebenezer Seventh-day Adventist Church, a place of worship affiliated with the Seventh Day Adventist faith. Western Region, Uganda The Western Region of Uganda

644-483: The later part of the 20th century on the territory of Busongora. In 1931 there was an outbreak of rinderpest that decimated the cattle populations of the Nyakatonzi Basongora, forcing them to disperse to other areas of Uganda and the eastern Congo. Basongora believe the outbreak began as a result of a virulent drugs vaccination program started by the colonial government. The biggest group that fled to

672-557: The lowlands. By 1962, the Rwenzururu Freedom Movement had also displaced some Bakonjo from the mountains, forcing them to settle in parts of Busongora that had not been gazetted as protected areas. In 1962 Basongora started returning to their original areas only to find that the Toro Development Company (TDC) that wound up in 1970, had leased some of their land, and was running projects such as

700-403: The rulers of states of Rwanda , Mpororo , Bunyoro , Toro and Nkore chose their wives from among the Songora. Other notable Songora kings in the pre-colonial era include: Kyomya III father of the founder of Bunyoro - Rukidi Mpuga; Bulemu I Rushoita, Rwigi II Kyeramaino Rweshakaramyambi, Nyabongo II Kikundi Nyakwirigita, Ihiingo, Goro, Nyabongo I, Kasheshe (for whom the municipality/city of Kasese

728-524: The territory traditionally owned by the Songora community has been appropriated for use as national parks or has been settled and occupied by other communities, notably the Batoro and Bakonzo . Also Songora territory has been partitioned into several districts and is distributed across Uganda and Congo. The traditional lifestyle of the Basongora is notable for its adaptation to dry savanna and scrublands , as well as mountainous terrain. The Basongora are

756-560: The town's population at 19,000. In 2020, the population agency estimated the mid-year population of Bundibugyo Town Council at 22,300. Of those, 11,400 (51.1 percent) were females and 10,900 (48.9 percent) were males. UBOS calculated that the population of the town increased at an average rate of 3.3 percent annually between 2015 and 2020. The following points of interest lie within the town or close to its borders: 1. The headquarters of Bundibugyo District Administration 2. The offices of Bundibugyo Town Council 3. Bundibugyo Central Market,

784-590: Was King Kasigano . He was deposed in 1906 by the British, ostensively for his having sought to ally himself with the Belgians in the Congo. Busongora was then partitioned and divided between the Congo and Uganda Protectorate , and the portions that fell within Uganda were further sub-divided into several districts, all of which were then annexed to the kingdoms of Toro and Nkore. The Kingdom of Rwenzururu formed in

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