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18-544: Burji can refer to Burji dynasty , a dynasty that ruled Egypt from 1382 until 1517 Burji people , an ethnic group in Ethiopia and Kenya Burji language , a language spoken in Ethiopia and Kenya Burji special woreda , an administrative subdivision of Ethiopia See also [ edit ] Bhurji (disambiguation) Burgi (disambiguation) Burgis (disambiguation) Burj (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

36-615: A new sultan. During this period, the Mamluks fought Timur and conquered Cyprus . Over the course of the 15th century, the sultanate was weakened by infighting and economic decline brought about by multiple factors. Although militarily powerful, they were eventually unable to compete with the more modern army of the Ottoman Empire , leading to their eventual conquest in 1517 by the Ottomans. From 1250, Egypt had been ruled by

54-486: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Burji dynasty Although sultans typically designated their sons to succeed them after death, the latter rarely lasted more than a few years before being usurped by one of the powerful Mamluk commanders, usually from among the Mamluks purchased by previous sultans. Political power-plays often became important in designating

72-719: The Citadel of Damascus . Unable to escape, he surrendered and on May 23, 1412 he was stabbed to death in his prison cell by a hired assassin. The Emirs placed on the throne as a temporary measure Caliph Al-Musta'in Billah . Faraj was buried in Bab al-Faradis cemetery in Damascus. One of his wives was Khawand Fatima, the sister of the Islamic historian Ibn Taghribirdi . After Faraj's death, she married Inal Nauruzi. One of his concubines

90-554: The Mamluk Sultanate grew to its widest territorial extent. In 1426, he invaded the Kingdom of Cyprus and forced its kings to become Mamluk vassals . However, Barsbay also introduced a number of economic policies that were damaging in the long term, such as a state monopoly on the spice trade . During Barsbay's reign Egypt's population was greatly reduced from what it had been a few centuries before, with only one fifth of

108-753: The Mamluk army was routed. In 1517, the Ottomans completed their conquest with the capture of Cairo on January 22. The centre of power transferred from Cairo to Constantinople . However, the mamluks continued to exist as a political and military class in Ottoman Egypt . While the governors were appointed by the Ottoman sultan, the mamluks vied for influence within the country and held many high political positions. They were finally destroyed and exterminated by Muhammad Ali Pasha during his rise to power in Egypt in

126-639: The Ottoman sultan Bayezid II by harboring his rebellious brother, Cem . Bayezid II later seized Adana , Tarsus and other places within Mamluk territory, but was unable to defeat the Mamluks during a prolonged war that ended in 1491. Qaitbay also tried to help the Muslims in Spain by threatening the Christians in Syria, but without effect. He died in 1496, leaving several hundred thousand ducats in debts to

144-510: The Ottomans and the Mamluks became more adversarial after this time. Both states constantly vied for control of the spice trade , and the Ottomans aspired to eventually take control of the Holy Cities of Islam . Under the reign of Khusqadam , of Greek origin, tensions increased. Both Khusqadam and Mehmed II supported different candidates to the principality of Karaman . After the death of Mehmed II in 1481, Sultan Qaitbay offended

162-578: The Ottomans were free from other concerns — Sultan Selim I had just vanquished the Safavid Persians at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 —and turned their full might against the Mamluks, who still ruled in Syria and Egypt, to complete the Ottoman conquest of the Middle East . Al-Ghuri led his army to confront Selim I's invasion of Syria in 1516, but he died in the Battle of Marj Dabiq and

180-571: The conspiracy was discovered before agitators could mobilize. Permanently in power, he founded the Burji dynasty. Faced with a common enemy, Timur , Barquq joined with Bayezid I and Toktamish in a combined resistance and executed Timur's peace envoys . In the following months Timur was engaged in Georgia and unable to respond to Barquq's actions, while Barquq had died by 1399. In 1401, Timur invaded Syria and sacked Aleppo and Damascus . Syria

198-781: The early 19th century. Nasir-ad-Din Faraj Al-Nasir Faraj or Nasir-ad-Din Faraj ( Arabic : الناصر زين الدين فرج ; r.  1399–1405, 1405–1412 ) also Faraj ibn Barquq was born in 1386 and succeeded his father Sayf-ad-Din Barquq as the second Sultan of the Burji dynasty of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in July 1399 with the title Al-Nasir . He was only thirteen years old when he became Sultan on

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216-591: The first Mamluk dynasty, the mostly Cuman - Kipchak Turkic Bahri dynasty . In 1377 a revolt broke out in Syria which spread to Egypt, and the government was taken over by the Circassians Barakah and Barquq ; Barquq was proclaimed sultan in 1382, ending the Bahri dynasty. He was expelled in 1389 but recaptured Cairo in 1390. Early on, the Zahiri Revolt threatened to overthrow Barquq though

234-442: The great Venetian trading families. Following another several years of political instability and succession disputes, the last major Mamluk sultan was Qansuh al-Ghuri , who came to power in 1501. While he attempted some reforms, including the introduction of the first military regiment with gunpowder weapons, he was unable to fully integrate them into the Mamluk army and he could not fix the country's economic problems. By 1516,

252-630: The number of towns. He frequently raided Asia Minor , but died in 1438. During the reign of Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq an attempt to conquer Rhodes in 1444 from the Knights of St. John was repelled. Sayf ad-Din Inal came to power in 1453 and had friendly relations with the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II , who captured Constantinople later that year, causing great celebration in Egypt. The relationship between

270-407: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Burji . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burji&oldid=1090215809 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

288-595: The sudden death of his father. His reign was marked by anarchy, pandemonium and chaos with invasions of Tamerlane (Timur Leng, or Timur Beg Gurkani), including the sack of Damascus in 1400, incessant rebellions in Cairo , endless conflicts with the Emirs of Syria (with the Sultan and also amongst themselves), along with plague and famine which reduced the population of the kingdom to one-third. In September 1405, Faraj

306-664: Was afraid from the surrounding conspiracies, so he escaped his reign after emir Saad al-Din bin Ghurab convinced him and was replaced briefly by his brother Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz , then he regained his position in November the same year by Saad al-Din. During the end of his reign he became a tyrannical ruler which eventually led him into his seventh and final conflict with the Syrian Emirs at Baalbek . Defeated in battle he fled to

324-523: Was regained by Barquq's son, sultan Nasir-ad-Din Faraj , after Timur died in 1405, but Faraj continually faced rebellions from the emirs there and he was forced to abdicate in 1412. After Faraj, the Abbasid caliph al-Musta'in was permitted to rule the sultanate in Cairo for several months, but the role of sultan was soon taken by another Mamluk, Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh . Under the reign of Sultan Barsbay ,

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