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49-716: The Douglas C-124 Globemaster II , nicknamed "Old Shaky", is an American heavy-lift cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company in Long Beach, California . The C-124 was the primary heavy-lift transport for United States Air Force (USAF) Military Air Transport Service (MATS) during the 1950s and early 1960s, until the Lockheed C-141 Starlifter entered service. It served in MATS, later Military Airlift Command (MAC), units of

98-436: A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 F $ 9M in 1994, a B767 -300ERF $ 13M in 2007, a Boeing 747-400 PSF $ 22M in 2006, an A330 -300 P2F was estimated at $ 20M in 2016 and a Boeing 777 -200ER BCF at $ 40M in 2017. By avoiding the main deck door installation and relying on lighter elevators between decks, LCF Conversions wants to convert A330/ A340s or B777s for $ 6.5M to $ 7.5M. In the mid-2000s, passenger 747-400s cost $ 30–50 million before

147-633: A dorsal spine fuselage. Interconnecting 1.5–15.2-metre-long (5–50 ft) long aluminum containers carry the flight loads, aiming to lower overseas airfreight costs by 60%, and plan to convert C-130 H with the help of Wagner Aeronautical of San Diego, experienced in passenger-to-cargo conversions. Beijing-based Beihang UAS Technology developed its BZK-005 high-altitude, long-range UAV for cargo transport, capable of carrying 1.2 t (2,600 lb) over 1,200 km (650 nmi) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft). Garuda Indonesia will test three of them initially from September 2019, before operations in

196-584: A $ 25 million conversion, a Boeing 757 had to cost $ 15 million before conversion, falling to below $ 10 million by 2018, and $ 5 million for a 737 Classic , falling to $ 2–3 million for a Boeing 737-400 by 2018. Derivative freighters have most of their development costs already amortized, and lead time before production is shorter than all new aircraft. Converted cargo aircraft use older technology; their direct operating costs are higher than what might be achieved with current technology. Since they have not been designed specifically for air cargo, loading and unloading

245-432: A 1,200 billion ATKs in 2035. The Cargo Facts Consulting firm forecasts that the global freighter fleet will rise from 1,782 to 2,920 cargo aircraft from 2019 to 2039. Aircraft were put to use carrying cargo in the form of air mail as early as 1911. Although the earliest aircraft were not designed primarily as cargo carriers, by the mid-1920s aircraft manufacturers were designing and building dedicated cargo aircraft. In

294-591: A day/night/all-weather aircraft designed to be integrated into the ADC SAGE interceptor direction and control system. In 1958, the 116th implemented the ADC Runway Alert Program, in which interceptors of the 128th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron were committed to a five-minute runway alert. In 1962 the unit gave up its fighters and shifted to an airlift mission. The 158th Fighter Squadron became the 158th Air Transport Squadron on 1 July 1962 assigned to

343-522: A hydraulically actuated ramp in the nose as well as a cargo elevator under the aft fuselage. The C-124 was capable of carrying 68,500 lb (31,100 kg) of cargo, and the 77 ft (23 m) cargo bay featured two overhead hoists, each capable of lifting 8,000 lb (3,600 kg). As a cargo hauler, it could carry tanks, guns, trucks and other heavy equipment, while in its passenger-carrying role it could carry 200 fully equipped troops on its double decks or 127 litter patients and their nurses. It

392-443: A military aircraft would have to be rejected, because they are not suitable for a civil freighter. Moreover, each airplane would have to carry some weight which it would not carry if it were independently designed. This additional weight lessens the payload and the profitability of the commercial version. This could either be compensated by a transfer payment at acquisition, or an operating penalty compensation payment. Most important, it

441-444: A personnel stairway centered between the vehicle trackway ramps, that raised the rear of the aircraft into the air and allowed easy loading. A similar rear loading ramp even appeared in a somewhat different form on the nosewheel gear -equipped, late WW II era American Budd RB-1 Conestoga twin-engined cargo aircraft. Postwar Europe also served to play a major role in the development of the modern air cargo and air freight industry. It

490-576: A profit if they had such an aircraft. To help resolve this disagreement, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) selected two contractors, Douglas Aircraft Co. and Lockheed-Georgia Co., to independently evaluate the possibility of producing such a freighter by 1990. This was done as part of the Cargo/Logistics Airlift Systems Study (CLASS). At comparable payloads, dedicated cargo aircraft

539-511: A wide/tall fuselage cross-section, a high-wing to allow the cargo area to sit near the ground, numerous wheels to allow it to land at unprepared locations, and a high-mounted tail to allow cargo to be driven directly into and off the aircraft. By 2015, dedicated freighters represent 43% of the 700 billion ATK (available tonne-kilometer) capacity, while 57% is carried in airliner's cargo holds . Also in 2015, Boeing forecast belly freight to rise to 63% while specialised cargoes would represent 37% of

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588-756: Is during the Berlin Airlift at the height of the Cold War , when a massive mobilization of aircraft was undertaken by the West to supply West Berlin with food and supplies, in a virtual around the clock air bridge , after the Soviet Union closed and blockaded Berlin's land links to the west. To rapidly supply the needed numbers of aircraft, many older types, especially the Douglas C-47 Skytrain , were pressed into service. In operation it

637-439: Is not clear that there will be an adequate market for the civil version or that it will be cost competitive with derivatives of passenger aircraft. Rapid delivery demand and e-commerce growth stimulate UAV freighters development for 2020: Carpinteria, California -startup Dorsal Aircraft wants to make light standard ISO containers part of its unpiloted freighter structure where the wing, engines and tail are attached to

686-481: Is not optimized; the aircraft may be pressurized more than necessary, and there may be unnecessary apparatus for passenger safety. A dedicated commercial air freighter is an airplane which has been designed from the beginning as a freighter, with no restrictions caused by either passenger or military requirements. Over the years, there has been a dispute concerning the cost effectiveness of such an airplane, with some cargo carriers stating that they could consistently earn

735-710: The 165th Airlift Wing ) of the Georgia Air National Guard , was the last Air Force unit to retire their aircraft (AF Serial No. 52-1066 and 53-0044 ) in September 1974. Data from McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I, McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920 General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Cargo aircraft Aircraft designed for cargo flight usually have features that distinguish them from conventional passenger aircraft:

784-595: The Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard until retired in 1974. Douglas Aircraft developed the C-124 from 1947 to 1949, from a prototype they created from a World War II –design Douglas C-74 Globemaster , and based on lessons learned during the Berlin Airlift . The aircraft was powered by four large Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major piston engines producing 3,800  hp (2,800  kW ) each. The C-124's design featured two large clamshell doors and

833-608: The Arado Ar 232 was the first purpose-built cargo aircraft. The Ar 232 was intended to supplant the earlier Junkers Ju 52 freighter conversions, but only a few were built. Most other forces used freighter versions of airliners in the cargo role as well, most notably the C-47 Skytrain version of the Douglas DC-3 , which served with practically every Allied nation. One important innovation for future cargo aircraft design

882-767: The Boeing 737 -300/400/800, McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and Bombardier CRJ200 . Israel Aerospace Industries ’ Bedek Aviation converts the 737-300/400/700/800 in about 90 days, 767-200 /300s in about four months and 747-400s in five months, and is looking at the Boeing 777 , Airbus A330 and A321 . Voyageur Aviation located in North Bay, Ontario converts the DHC-8-100 into the DHC-8-100 Package Freighter Conversion. An A300B4 -200F conversion cost $ 5M in 1996, an A300 -600F $ 8M in 2001,

931-681: The RAF 's Iraq Command who flew nearly 500 Sikh troops from Kingarban to Kirkuk in the first ever strategic airlift of troops. Vickers Victorias played an important part in the Kabul Airlift of November 1928 – February 1929, when they evacuated diplomatic staff and their dependents together with members of the Afghan royal family endangered by a civil war . The Victorias also helped to pioneer air routes for Imperial Airways ' Handley Page HP.42 airliners. The World War II German design,

980-649: The UK during the early 1920s, the need was recognized for a freighter aircraft to transport troops and material quickly to pacify tribal revolts in the newly occupied territories of the Middle East . The Vickers Vernon , a development of the Vickers Vimy Commercial , entered service with the Royal Air Force as the first dedicated troop transport in 1921. In February 1923 this was put to use by

1029-562: The United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . The mission of the 165th Airlift Wing is to provide tactical airlift of personnel, equipment and supplies worldwide. The 165th Airlift Wing consists of the following units: On 10 July 1958, the 158th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron of the Georgia ANG was authorized to expand to the size of a group, and the 165th Fighter-Interceptor Group

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1078-493: The 165th Air Group. They traded in its Sabre interceptors for four-engined Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter transports. With air transportation recognized as a critical wartime need, the squadron was re-designated the 128th Air Transport Squadron (Heavy). The 116th ATG was assigned to the MATS Eastern Transport Air Force (EASTAF), to fly long-distance transport missions, frequently sending aircraft to

1127-628: The C-130 continues to improve at a rate that keeps it in production. "Strategic" cargo aircraft became an important class of their own starting with the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy in the 1960s and a number of similar Soviet designs from the 70s and 80s, and culminating in the Antonov An-225 , the world's largest aircraft. These designs offer the ability to carry the heaviest loads, even main battle tanks , at global ranges. The Boeing 747

1176-569: The COVID-19 outbreak. It allows almost 320  m of cargo between the three decks. In November 2020 Emirates started offering an A380 mini-freighter, which allows for 50 tons of cargo in the belly of the plane. Cargo aircraft has had many uses throughout the years, but the current importance of cargo aircraft is not highly talked about. Cargo planes today can carry almost everything ranging from perishables and supplies to fully built cars and livestock. The most use of cargo aircraft comes from

1225-934: The Caribbean, Europe, Greenland, and the Middle East. In 1966 MATS became the Military Airlift Command (MAC) and EASTAF became the MAC Twenty-First Air Force . The 116th ATG was upgraded to the C-124 Globemaster II strategic heavy airlifter in 1965. Due to the Vietnam War , missions were flown across the Pacific to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, South Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand. On 8 August 1975,

1274-603: The U.S. military worldwide, including flights to Southeast Asia, Africa and elsewhere. From 1959 to 1961 they transported Thor missiles across the Atlantic to England. The C-124 was also used extensively during the Vietnam War transporting materiel from the U.S. to Vietnam. Until the C-5A became operational, the C-124, and its sister C-133 Cargomaster were the only aircraft available that could transport very large loads. The United States Air Force 's Strategic Air Command (SAC)

1323-806: The US's C-82 Packet featured a removable cargo area, while the C-123 Provider introduced the now-common rear fuselage/upswept tail shaping to allow for a much larger rear loading ramp. But it was the introduction of the turboprop that allowed the class to mature, and even one of its earliest examples, the C-130 Hercules , in the 21st century as the Lockheed Martin C-130J , is still the yardstick against which newer military transport aircraft designs are measured. Although larger, smaller and faster designs have been proposed for many years,

1372-409: The airplane and its direct operating cost (because of depreciation and insurance costs) and increases the financial risks to investors, especially since it would be competing with derivatives which have much smaller development costs per unit and which themselves have incorporated some of the cost-reducing technology. One benefit of a combined development is that the development costs would be shared by

1421-639: The beginning of operations in the Persian Gulf, the 165th Airlift Wing has been integrally involved in air operations. Several elements of the wing have been deployed throughout the region, with airmen serving in Uzbekistan , Turkey , Kuwait , Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2009, the 165th Airlift Wing was sent again to carry cargo for the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) . In January 2010, in response to

1470-510: The civil and military sectors, and the number of airplanes required by the military could be decreased by the number of civil reserve airplanes purchased by air carriers and available to the military in case of emergency. There are some possible drawbacks, as the restrictions executed by joint development, the punishments that would be suffered by both civil and military airplanes, and the difficulty in discovering an organizational structure that authorizes their compromise. Some features appropriate to

1519-399: The dedicated air freighter is that it can be designed specifically for air freight demand, providing the type of loading and unloading, flooring, fuselage configuration, and pressurization which are optimized for its mission. Moreover, it can make full use of NASA's ACEE results, with the potential of significantly lowering operating costs and fuel usage. Such a high overhead raises the price of

Douglas C-124 Globemaster II - Misplaced Pages Continue

1568-467: The development of cargo aircraft. Many types can be converted from airliner to freighter by installing a main deck cargo door with its control systems; upgrading floor beams for cargo loads and replacing passenger equipment and furnishings with new linings, ceilings, lighting, floors, drains and smoke detectors . Specialized engineering teams rival Airbus and Boeing , giving the aircraft another 15–20 years of life. Aeronautical Engineers Inc converts

1617-610: The earthquake in Haiti, the 165th Airlift Wing placed a C-130 aircraft and crew on standby for the relief effort as ordered by the National Guard Bureau. The 165th quickly established a kitchen and dining area, one of fifteen in the burgeoning military sections of the city. On 25 January 2010, a small group of airmen deployed from the 165th Airlift Wing to Haiti in support of the Haitian relief efforts. In January 2011,

1666-725: The first of the C-130E aircraft, aptly named "Hercules", came to the City of Savannah at the international airport to replace the older C-124's. While the C-124's were being retired from the Air Force inventory, the C-130s were arriving at the 165th Tactical Airlift Group. The 158th received seven new C-130H Hercules aircraft directly from the Lockheed Factory manufactured for the unit during September and October 1981. On 15 April 1992,

1715-455: The fourth quarter. Garuda plans up to 100 cargo UAVs to connect remote regions with limited airports in Maluku , Papua , and Sulawesi . 165th Airlift Wing The 165th Airlift Wing ( 165 AW ) is a unit of the Georgia Air National Guard (GA ANG), stationed at Savannah Air National Guard Base , in the U.S. state of Georgia . If activated to federal service, the wing is gained by

1764-515: The increase in online shopping through retailers like Amazon and eBay. Since most of these items are made all over the world, air cargo is used to get it from point A to point B as fast as possible. Air cargo significantly adds to the world trade value, Air cargo transports over US$ 6 trillion worth of goods, accounting for approximately 35% of world trade by value. This helps producers keep the costs of goods down, allows consumers to be able to purchase more items, and allows stores to remain with goods on

1813-404: The last of six C-130H2 Hercules aircraft began a three-month stint at Bagram Air Base. This was the ninth time the 165th has deployed – to Iraq or Afghanistan – since 11 September 2001. Deploying with the aircraft were more than 150 Georgia Guard airmen, including all of the wing's operations division and more than 50 percent of its maintenance department. During the summer of 2011, personnel from

1862-509: The second largest payload capacity of any cargo aircraft, exceeded only by the An-225. An aerospace consultant has estimated that the A380F would have 7% better payload and better range than the 747-8F , but also higher trip costs. Starting May 2020 Portuguese Hi Fly started charting cargo flights with an A380, carrying medical supplies from China to different parts of the world in the response to

1911-578: The shelf.   Not only is air cargo important in the delivery and shipping aspect, it is also highly important in the job industry. Air cargo companies around the United States employ over 250,000 workers, U.S. cargo airlines employed 268,730 workers in August 2023, 34% of the industry total. Nearly all commercial cargo aircraft presently in the fleet are derivatives or transformations of passenger aircraft. However, there are three other methods to

1960-473: The unit was redesignated the 165th Airlift Group. On 1 October 1995, the unit received its current designation, the 165th Airlift Wing. In 2005, the unit deployed aircraft and more than 100 personnel to Karshi-Khanabad Air Base , Uzbekistan, for 11 months. During this period, the unit airlifted more than 35,660 tons of cargo for U.S. troops in Afghanistan (just south of Uzbekistan), in Iraq, and elsewhere. Since

2009-557: Was established by the National Guard Bureau . The 158th FIS becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 165th Headquarters, 165th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 165th Combat Support Squadron, and the 165th USAF Dispensary. Gained by Air Defense Command , along with the activation of the group, the 158th FIS was re-equipped with the F-86L Sabre Interceptor ,

Douglas C-124 Globemaster II - Misplaced Pages Continue

2058-461: Was found that it took as long or longer to unload these older designs as the much larger tricycle landing gear Douglas C-54 Skymaster which was easier to move about in when landed. The C-47s were quickly removed from service, and from then on flat-decks were a requirement of all new cargo designs. In the years following the war era a number of new custom-built cargo aircraft were introduced, often including some "experimental" features. For instance,

2107-519: Was introduced in 1939, with the fifth and sixth prototypes of the Junkers Ju 90 four-engined military transport aircraft, with the earliest known example of a rear loading ramp. This aircraft, like most of its era, used tail-dragger landing gear which caused the aircraft to have a decided rearward tilt when landed. These aircraft introduced the Trapoklappe , a powerful ramp/hydraulic lift with

2156-537: Was originally designed to the same specification as the C-5, but later modified as a design that could be offered as either passenger or all-freight versions. The "bump" on the top of the fuselage allows the crew area to be clear of the cargo containers sliding out of the front in the event of an accident. When the Airbus A380 was announced, the maker originally accepted orders for the freighter version A380F, offering

2205-444: Was said to provide a 20 percent reduction in trip cost and a 15 percent decrease in aircraft price compared to other cargo aircraft. These findings, however, are extremely sensitive to assumptions about fuel and labor costs and, most particularly, to growth in demand for air cargo services. Further, it ignores the competitive situation brought about by the lower capital costs of future derivative air cargo aircraft. The main advantage of

2254-477: Was the initial operator of the C-124 Globemaster, with 50 in service from 1950 through 1962. Four squadrons operated the type, consisting of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Strategic Support Squadrons. Their primary duty was to transport nuclear weapons between air bases and to provide airlift of SAC personnel and equipment during exercises and overseas deployments. The Military Air Transport Service (MATS)

2303-595: Was the only aircraft of its time capable of transporting fully assembled heavy equipment such as tanks and bulldozers. The C-124 first flew on 27 November 1949, with the C-124A being delivered from May 1950. The C-124C was next, featuring more powerful engines, and an APS-42 weather radar fitted in a "thimble"-like structure on the nose. Wingtip-mounted combustion heaters were added to heat the cabin, and enable wing and tail surface deicing. The C-124As were later equipped with these improvements. One C-124C, 52-1069 , c/n 43978,

2352-544: Was the primary operator until January 1966, when the organization was retitled Military Airlift Command (MAC). Within a few years following the formation of MAC, the last remaining examples of the C-124 were transferred to the Air Force Reserve (AFRES) and the Air National Guard (ANG), said transfers being complete by 1970. The first ANG unit to receive the C-124C, the 165th Tactical Airlift Group (now known as

2401-598: Was used as a JC-124C, for testing the 15,000 shp (11,000 kW) Pratt & Whitney XT57 (PT5) turboprop , which was installed in the nose. First deliveries of the 448 production aircraft began in May 1950 and continued until 1955. The C-124 was operational during the Korean War , and was also used to assist supply operations for Operation Deep Freeze in Antarctica . They performed heavy lift cargo operations for

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