The Queen's Pawn Game is any chess opening starting with the move:
62-610: (Redirected from C-13 ) C13 or C-13 may refer to: French Defence , Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code C13 White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921 C13 grenade , the Canadian Forces designation for a M67 grenade Autovia C-13 , a highway in Catalonia in Spain Caterpillar C13 Engine , an engine by Caterpillar Inc. HMS C13 ,
124-468: A pawn structure commonly found in the French. Black has more space on the queenside, so tends to focus on that side of the board, almost always playing ...c7–c5 early on to attack White's pawn chain at its base, and may follow up by advancing the a- and b-pawns. Position after 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 4.c3 Nc6 5.f4 Qb6 6.Nf3 Nh6 Alternatively or simultaneously, Black will play against White's centre, which
186-489: A 1906 British C-class submarine IEC 60320 C13 , a polarised, three pole plug used in electric power cables LNER Class C13 , a 4-4-2T steam locomotive class of 1907, built for suburban passenger services around London OTO Melara C13 Sauber C13 , a 1994 racing car Caldwell 13 ( NGC 457 , the Owl Cluster or ET Cluster), an open star cluster in the constellation Cassiopeia The 13th century in music ,
248-671: A Queen's Pawn Game, 2.c4 and 2.Nf3 usually transpose to a familiar opening such as the Slav Defence , London System , or Dutch Defence . 1...b6 is the English Defence . Common White moves are 2.e4 (which transposes to the Owen Defense ), 2.Nf3, and 2.c4. 1...b5 is the Polish Defence : this is risky and should be played with care. It is better to delay ...b5 until the 2nd move. 1...a6 can quickly transpose to
310-602: A branching point: There are alternative strategies to 3...c5 that were tried in the early 20th century such as 3...b6, intending to fianchetto the bad bishop and which can transpose to Owen's Defence . Also possible is 4...Qb6 5.Nf3 Bd7 intending 6...Bb5 to trade off the "bad" queen's bishop. Playing 3...Nc6 is a misguided attempt to reach the Hecht Reefschlager Variation or the Guimard Variation. Many players who begin with 1.e4 find that
372-463: A chord with the structure 1 - 3 - 5 - b7 - 9 - 13 Carbon-13 , a natural stable isotope of carbon Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx ICD-10 code C13/C14 Coupler , a class of cable connector used by most desktop computers [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
434-420: A different move order: 3.Nd2 dxe4. White has freer development and more space in the centre, which Black intends to neutralise by playing ...c7–c5 at some point. This solid line has undergone a modest revival, featuring in many grandmaster (GM) games as a drawing weapon but theory still gives White a slight edge. After 3...dxe4 4.Nxe4, Black has the following options: 3...Nc6 is the Hecht Reefschlager Variation,
496-575: A full pawn centre with 2.e4. The opening usually leads to a form of Indian Defence , but can also lead to versions of the Queen's Gambit if Black plays ...d5 at some point. Since 1...Nf6 is a move that is likely to be made anyway, the move is a flexible response to White's first move. White usually plays 2.c4. Then Black usually plays 2...e6 (typically leading to the Nimzo-Indian , Queen's Indian , or Queen's Gambit Declined ), 2...g6 (leading to
558-479: A name coined by John Watson . This sideline has been played by Aron Nimzowitsch and many other players. One rare sideline after 3.Nc3 is 3...c6, which is known as the Paulsen Variation, after Louis Paulsen . It can also be reached via a Caro–Kann Defence move order (1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 e6). The Tarrasch Variation is named after Siegbert Tarrasch . This move became particularly popular during
620-621: A normal Sicilian Defence , and 3.c3, transposing into a line of the Alapin Sicilian (usually arrived at after 1.e4 c5 2.c3 e6 3.d4) are also common. Play may also lead back to the French; for example, 1.e4 e6 2.d4 c5 3.c3 d5 4.e5 transposes into the Advance Variation . Another move is 2...b6, which transposes into Owen's Defence or the English Defence . Also possible is 2...f5, the Franco-Hiva Gambit, but this
682-427: A piece attack, White may play for the advance of the kingside pawns (an especially common idea in the endgame), which usually involves f2–f4, g2–g4 and then f4–f5 to use the spatial advantage on that side of the board. A white pawn on f5 can be very strong as it may threaten to capture on e6 or advance to f6. Sometimes pushing the h-pawn to h5 or h6 may also be effective. A modern idea is for White to gain space on
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#1732801902699744-657: A position resembling those arising from the Rubinstein Variation. However, here Black has the bishop pair, with greater dynamic chances (although White's knight is well placed on e4), so this line is more popular than the Rubinstein and has long been a favourite of Evgeny Bareev . Black can also try 5...Be7 6.Bxf6 gxf6, as played by Alexander Morozevich and Gregory Kaidanov ; by following up with ...f5 and ...Bf6, Black obtains active piece play in return for his shattered pawn structure. Another line that resembles
806-399: Is 3...Nc6 !? 4.Nf3 Nf6 with the idea of 5.e5 Ne4; German IM Helmut Reefschlaeger has been fond of this move. It is incredibly dense in theory. This variation, named after Szymon Winawer and pioneered by Nimzowitsch and Botvinnik, is one of the main systems in the French, due chiefly to the latter's efforts in the 1940s, becoming the most often seen rejoinder to 3.Nc3, though in the 1980s,
868-504: Is 8.Nxd4 Bc5 9. Qd2 Bxd4 10.Bxd4 Nxd4 11. Qxd4 Qb6 12.Qxb6 Nxb6, This line has been referred to as the Vacuum Cleaner Variation. In these lines, White has the option of playing either Qd2 and 0-0-0, or Be2 and 0-0, with the former typically leading to sharper positions due to opposite-side castling when Black castles kingside in both cases. This variation is named after Akiba Rubinstein and can also arise from
930-493: Is a chess opening characterised by the moves: This is most commonly followed by 2.d4 d5. Black usually plays ...c5 soon after, attacking White's pawn centre and gaining space on the queenside . The French has a reputation for solidity and resilience, although some lines such as the Winawer Variation can lead to sharp complications. Black's position is often somewhat cramped in
992-515: Is another major system in the French. This position was seen as so normal so no-one thought about claiming it. White can continue with the following options: White threatens 5.e5, attacking the pinned knight. Black has a number of ways to meet this threat. Named after Amos Burn , the Burn Variation is the most common reply at the top level. 4...dxe4 5.Nxe4 and usually there now follows: 5...Be7 6.Bxf6 Bxf6 7.Nf3 Nd7 or 7...0-0, resulting in
1054-417: Is cramping Black's position. In the unlikely case that the flank attack ...c7–c5 is insufficient to achieve counterplay, Black can also try ...f7–f6. In many positions, White may support the pawn on e5 by playing f2–f4, with ideas of f4–f5, but the primary drawback to the advance of the f-pawn is opening of the g1–a7 diagonal, which is particularly significant due to the black queen's oft-found position on b6 and
1116-492: Is no knight on f6 for the bishop to harass. White's more common move is 2.c4, the Queen's Gambit , when Black usually chooses between 2...e6 ( Queen's Gambit Declined ), 2...c6 ( Slav Defence ) or 2...dxc4 ( Queen's Gambit Accepted ). White can also play 2.Nf3 which again is not specific as to opening. Then Black may play ...Nf6 (same as above) or ...e6. A Queen's Gambit may arise anyway if White plays c4 soon afterward, but lines like
1178-519: Is now readily answered by 4.c3. On the other hand, 3.Nd2 develops the knight to an arguably less active square than 3.Nc3, and in addition, it hems in White's dark-square bishop. Hence, White will typically have to spend an extra tempo moving the knight from d2 at some point before developing said bishop. The main line of the Advance Variation continues 3...c5 4.c3 Nc6 5.Nf3 and then we have
1240-521: Is regarded as dubious. The French Defence is named after a match played by correspondence between the cities of London and Paris in 1834 (although earlier examples of games with the opening do exist). It was Jacques Chamouillet , one of the players of the Paris team, who persuaded the others to adopt this defence. As a reply to 1.e4, the French Defence received relatively little attention in
1302-617: Is sometimes called the Modern Defence line. White can play 2.e4 to enter the Modern Defence. More commonly, White plays 2.c4. Black may play 2...Nf6 for the King's Indian Defence (same as 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6). More commonly, Black plays 2...Bg7. Then White's moves include 3.Nc3, 3.e4, and 3.Nf3. 3.Nc3 and 3.e4 often lead to the Modern Defence, Averbakh System, as well as 2...d6. White may also play 2.Nf3. Black may respond 2...Nf6 for
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#17328019026991364-505: Is unclear, but most likely Black would be considered "comfortable" here. The purpose behind 7.a4 is threefold: it prepares Bc1–a3, taking advantage of the absence of Black's dark-square bishop. It also prevents Black from playing ...Qa5–a4 or ...Bd7–a4 attacking c2, and if Black plays ...b6 (followed by ...Ba6 to trade off the bad bishop), White may play a5 to attack the b6-pawn. World Champions Vasily Smyslov and Bobby Fischer both used this line with success. White also has 7.h4, which has
1426-755: Is unique to the 1...e6 move order is the Keres Defence , 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+. This move also allows 2.e4 entering the Pirc Defence . If White avoids this, 2.Nf3 or 2.c4 may lead to a King's Indian or Old Indian Defence , or Black may play 2...Bg4, sometimes called the Wade Defence (A41, see 1.d4 d6 2.Nf3 Bg4 ). 2.c4 e5 is the Rat Defense, English Rat . 1...f5 is the Dutch Defence . Common White moves are 2.g3, 2.Nf3, and 2.c4. 1...g6
1488-431: Is why, for many years, the classical lines fell out of favour, and 3...Bb4 began to be seen more frequently after World War I , owing to the efforts of Nimzowitsch and Botvinnik . In Tarrasch–Teichmann, White won after 41 moves. In order to avoid this fate, Black usually makes it a priority early in the game to find a useful post for the bishop. Black can play ...Bd7–a4 to attack a pawn on c2, which occurs in many lines of
1550-538: The Colle System and Torre Attack are also possible. The Franco-Indian Defence is a chess opening characterized by the moves: 1.d4 e6. This play allows White to play 2.e4, entering the French Defence . If White wants to continue with a Queen's Pawn Game however, 2.c4 and 2.Nf3 usually transpose to a familiar opening such as the Queen's Gambit Declined , Nimzo-Indian or Queen's Indian . A line that
1612-552: The King's Indian or Grünfeld Defence ), or 2...c5 (leading to the Benoni Defence or Benko Gambit ). Rarer tries include 2...e5 ( Budapest Gambit ) and 2...d6 ( Old Indian Defence ). White can also play 2.Nf3, which like Black's move is not specific as to opening. A third alternative is the Trompowsky Attack with 2.Bg5. 1...d5 ( Closed Game ) also prevents White from playing 2.e4 unless White wants to venture
1674-473: The Petroff . Conversely, if White declines to do this, Black may play ...c7–c5 himself, e.g. 4.Bd3 c5, as in the above-cited Tatai–Korchnoi game. If c2–c4 is not played, White and Black have two main piece setups. White may put his pieces on Nf3, Bd3, Bg5 (pinning the black knight), Nc3, Qd2 or the queen's knight can go to d2 instead and White can support the centre with c3 and perhaps play Qb3. Conversely, when
1736-555: The Queen's Gambit Declined ). Although 2...d5 is the most consistent move after 1.e4 e6 2.d4, Black occasionally plays other moves. Chief among them is 2...c5, the Franco-Benoni Defence , so-called because it features the ...c7–c5 push characteristic of the Benoni Defence . White may continue 3.d5, when play can transpose into the Benoni, though White has extra options since c2–c4 is not mandated. 3.Nf3, transposing into
1798-433: The 1970s and early 1980s when Anatoly Karpov used it to great effect. Though less aggressive than the alternate 3.Nc3, it is still used by top-level players seeking a small, safe advantage. Like 3.Nc3, 3.Nd2 protects e4, but is different in several key respects: it does not block White's c-pawn from advancing, which means he can play c3 at some point to support his d4-pawn. Hence, it avoids the Winawer Variation as 3...Bb4
1860-437: The 19th century and early 20th century, 1.e4 was by far the most common opening move by White ( Watson 2006 :87), while the different openings starting with 1.d4 were considered somewhat unusual and therefore classed together as "Queen's Pawn Game". As the merits of 1.d4 started to be explored, it was the Queen's Gambit which was played most often—more popular than all other 1.d4 openings combined. The term "Queen's Pawn Game"
1922-507: The Classical Variation with 3...Nf6 began a revival, and has since become more popular. 3...Bb4 pins the knight on c3, forcing White to resolve the central tension. White normally clarifies the central situation for the moment with 4.e5, gaining space and hoping to show that Black's b4-bishop is misplaced. The main line then is: 4...c5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3, resulting in the diagrammed position. While White has doubled pawns on
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1984-481: The French Defence is the most difficult opening for them to play against due to the closed structure and unique strategies of the system. Thus, many players choose to play the Exchange so that the position becomes simpler and more clearcut. White makes no effort to exploit the advantage of the first move, and has often chosen this line with expectation of an early draw, and indeed draws often occur if neither side breaks
2046-763: The King's Indian, or more commonly, 2...Bg7. Common White responses are 3.e4, 3.c4, and 3.g3. 1...c5 is the Old Benoni Defence : this is a form of the Benoni Defence seldom used. 1...Nc6 is the Queen's Knight Defense (or Mikenas Defense): this can usually transpose to the Chigorin Defense or the Nimzowitsch Defense . This move allows White to play 2.e4, entering the Caro–Kann Defence . If, however, White wants to continue with
2108-700: The Mega Database 2007, in 2006, 1...e6 was second only to the Sicilian in popularity. Historically important contributors to the theory of the defence include Mikhail Botvinnik , Viktor Korchnoi , Akiba Rubinstein , Aron Nimzowitsch , Tigran Petrosian , Lev Psakhis , Wolfgang Uhlmann and Rafael Vaganian . More recently, its leading practitioners include Evgeny Bareev , Alexey Dreev , Mikhail Gurevich , Alexander Khalifman , Smbat Lputian , Alexander Morozevich , Teimour Radjabov , Nigel Short , Gata Kamsky , and Yury Shulman . The Exchange Variation
2170-593: The Rubinstein is 5...Nbd7 6.Nf3 Be7 (6...h6 is also tried) 7.Nxf6+ Bxf6. Named after Wilhelm Steinitz , the Steinitz Variation continues with 4.e5 Nfd7. Here 5.Nce2, the Shirov – Anand Variation, prepares to bolster the white pawn centre with c2–c3 and f2–f4; while 5.Nf3 transposes to a position also reached via the Two Knights Variation (2.Nf3 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.e5 Nfd7 5.d4). The main line of
2232-523: The Steinitz is 5.f4 c5 6.Nf3 Nc6 7.Be3. (Instead 7.Ne2 transposes to the Shirov–Anand Variation, while 7.Be2 ? cxd4 8.Nxd4 Ndxe5! 9.fxe5 Qh4+ wins a pawn for Black.) Here Black may step up the pressure on d4 by playing 7...Qb6 or 7...cxd4 8.Nxd4 Qb6, begin queenside play with 7...a6 8.Qd2 b5, or continue kingside development by playing 7...Be7 or 7...cxd4 8.Nxd4 Bc5. Another side-line for 7...cxd4
2294-767: The Winawer Variation. If Black's f-pawn has moved to f6, then Black may also consider bringing the bishop to g6 or h5 via d7 and e8. If White's light-square bishop is on the f1–a6 diagonal, Black can try to exchange it by playing ...b6 and ...Ba6, or ...Qb6 followed by ...Bd7–b5. Played in over 40% of all games after 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5, 3.Nc3 is the most commonly seen line against the French. Black has three main options, 3...Bb4 (the Winawer Variation ), 3...Nf6 (the Classical Variation ), and 3...dxe4 (the Rubinstein Variation ). An eccentric idea
2356-540: The centre of the board after ...Bxc5. White usually tries to exploit the extra space on the kingside , often playing for a mating attack. White tries to do this in the Alekhine –Chatard Attack, for example. Another example is the following line of the Classical French: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.Bxe7 Qxe7 7.f4 0-0 8.Nf3 c5 9.Bd3 ( diagram ). White's light-square bishop eyes
2418-399: The declining of a Blackmar–Diemer Gambit after 1.d4 d5 2.e4 e6. White's options include defending the e4-pawn with 3.Nc3 or 3.Nd2, advancing it with 3.e5, or exchanging it with 3.exd5, each of which leads to different types of positions. Defending the pawn with 3.Bd3 allows 3...dxe4 4.Bxe4 Nf6, when Black gains either a tempo or the advantage of the two bishops . The diagram shows
2480-472: The diagrammed position was reached after fifteen moves of a Classical French. Black's position is passive because the light-square bishop is hemmed in by pawns on a6, b5, d5, e6 and f7. White will probably try to exchange Black's knight, which is the only one of Black's pieces that has any scope. Although it might be possible for Black to hold on for a draw , it is not easy and, barring any mistakes by White, Black will have few chances to create counterplay; this
2542-476: The diagrammed position, Black most frequently plays 6...Ne7 (The main alternative is 6...Qc7, which can simply transpose to main lines after 7.Qg4 Ne7, but Black also has the option of 7.Qg4 f5 or ...f6. 6...Qa5 has recently become a popular alternative). Now White can exploit the absence of Black's dark-square bishop by playing 7.Qg4, giving Black two choices: he may sacrifice his kingside pawns with 7...Qc7 8.Qxg7 Rg8 9.Qxh7 cxd4 but destroy White's centre in return,
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2604-468: The dubious Blackmar–Diemer Gambit . 1...d5 is not any worse than 1...Nf6, but committing the pawn to d5 at once makes it somewhat less flexible since Black can no longer play the Indian Defences, although if Black is aiming for Queen's Gambit positions this may be of minor importance. Also, a move like 2.Bg5 ( Hodgson Attack ) is considered relatively harmless compared to 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 since there
2666-432: The early game; in particular, the pawn on e6 can impede the development of the bishop on c8. Following the opening moves 1.e4 e6, the main line of the French Defence continues 2.d4 d5 (see below for alternatives). White sets up a pawn centre , which Black immediately challenges by attacking the pawn on e4. The same position can be reached by transposition from a Queen's Pawn Game after 1.d4 e6 2.e4 d5 or
2728-414: The heavy pressure on d4. In addition, many French Advance lines do not provide White with the time to play f2–f4 as it does not support the heavily pressured d4-pawn. For instance, 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 4.c3 Nc6 5.f4? (if White plays Nf3, f4 will come much slower) 5...Qb6 6.Nf3 Nh6! and the knight will go to f5 to place fatal pressure on d4 and dxc5 will never be an option as the white king would be stuck in
2790-414: The highest levels. It is also a popular choice at the club level due to the availability of a simple, straightforward plan involving attacking chances and extra space. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings includes an alphanumeric classification system for openings that is widely used in chess literature. Codes C00 to C19 are the French Defence, broken up in the following way (all apart from C00 start with
2852-487: The ideas of either pushing this pawn to h6 to cause more dark-square weaknesses in the Black kingside (if Black meets h5 with ...h6, White can play g4–g5), or getting the rook into the game via Rh3–g3. Black can also gain attacking chances in most lines: against 7.Qg4, Black will attack White's king in the centre; whereas against the other lines, Black can often gain an attack with ...0-0-0, normally combined with ...c4 to close
2914-405: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C13&oldid=1132320716 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages French Defence The French Defence
2976-594: The moves 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5): Queen%27s Pawn Game It is the second-most popular opening move after 1.e4 ( King's Pawn Game ). The term "Queen's Pawn Game" is usually used to describe openings beginning with 1.d4 where White does not play the Queen's Gambit . The most common Queen's Pawn Game openings are: In the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO ), Closed Games (1.d4 d5) are classified under codes D00–D69. Openings where Black does not play 1...d5 are called Semi-Closed Games and classified as: In
3038-436: The nineteenth century compared to 1...e5. The first world chess champion Wilhelm Steinitz said "I have never in my life played the French Defence, which is the dullest of all openings". In the early 20th century, Géza Maróczy was perhaps the first world-class player to make it his primary weapon against 1.e4. For a long time, it was the third most popular reply to 1.e4, behind only 1...c5 and 1...e5. However, according to
3100-651: The position is for White or Black to castle on opposite sides of the board. An example of this is the line 4.Bd3 Nc6 5.c3 Bd6 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.0-0 Nge7 8.Re1 Qd7 9.Nbd2 0-0-0 . After 1.e4 e6, the main variation continues 2.d4 d5, but White can try other ideas. There are also a few rare continuations after 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5, including 3.Bd3 (the Schlechter Variation), 3.Be3 (the Alapin Gambit), and 3.c4 (the Diemer – Duhm Gambit, which can also be reached via
3162-401: The queen's knight is on c3, the king's knight may go to e2 when the enemy bishop and knight can be kept out of the key squares e4 and g4 by f3. When the knight is on c3 in the first and last of the above strategies, White may choose either short or long castling . The positions are so symmetrical that the options and strategies are the same for both sides. Another way to unbalance
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#17328019026993224-415: The queenside by playing a2–a3 and b2–b4. If implemented successfully, this will further restrict Black's pieces. One of the drawbacks of the French Defence for Black is the queen's bishop , which is blocked in by the pawn on e6 and can remain passive throughout the game. An often-cited example of the potential weakness of this bishop is S. Tarrasch – R. Teichmann , San Sebastián 1912, in which
3286-417: The queenside, and then ...f6 to open up the kingside, where White's king often resides. If Black can accomplish this, White is often left without meaningful play, although ...c4 does permit White a4 followed by Ba3 if Black has not stopped this by placing a piece on a4 (for example, by Bd7–a4). 5th-move deviations for White include: 4th-move deviations for White include: Deviations for Black include: This
3348-458: The queenside, which form the basis for Black's counterplay, they can also help White since they strengthen his centre and give him a semi-open b-file. White has a spatial advantage on the kingside, where Black is even weaker than usual because he has traded off his dark-square bishop . Combined with the bishop pair, this gives White attacking chances, which he must attempt to use as the long-term features of this pawn structure favour Black. In
3410-401: The so-called " Poisoned Pawn Variation "; or he can play 7...0-0 8.Bd3 Nbc6, which avoids giving up material, but leaves the king on the flank where White is trying to attack. A more recent alternative is 7...Kf8, which tries to make use of the locked pawn centre (the king is safe from central attacks, and can run away from a kingside attack). Experts on the 7.Qg4 line include Judit Polgár . If
3472-715: The symmetry. An extreme example was Capablanca – Maróczy , Lake Hopatcong 1926, which went: 4.Bd3 Bd6 5.Nf3 Nf6 6.0-0 0-0 7.Bg5 Bg4 8.Re1 Nbd7 9.Nbd2 c6 10.c3 Qc7 11.Qc2 Rfe8 12.Bh4 Bh5 13.Bg3 Bxg3 14.hxg3 Bg6 15.Rxe8+ Rxe8 16.Bxg6 hxg6 17.Re1 Rxe1+ 18.Nxe1 Ne8 19.Nd3 Nd6 20.Qb3 a6 21.Kf1 ½–½ . Despite the symmetrical pawn structure, White cannot force a draw. An obsession with obtaining one sometimes results in embarrassment for White, as in Tatai– Korchnoi , Beer Sheva 1978, which continued 4.Bd3 c5!? 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.Qe2+ Be7 7.dxc5 Nf6 8.h3 0-0 9.0-0 Bxc5 10.c3 Re8 11.Qc2 Qd6 12.Nbd2 Qg3 13.Bf5 Re2 14.Nd4 Nxd4 0–1 . A less extreme example
3534-547: The tactical complications of 7.Qg4 are not to White's taste, 7.Nf3 and 7.a4 are good positional alternatives, and 7.h4 is a more aggressive attempt: 7.Nf3 is a natural developing move, and White usually follows it up by developing the king's bishop to d3 or e2 (occasionally to b5) and castling kingside. This is called the Winawer Advance Variation. This line often continues 7...Bd7 8.Bd3 c4 9.Be2 Ba4 10.0-0 Qa5 11.Bd2 Nbc6 12.Ng5 h6 13.Nh3 0-0-0. Its assessment
3596-460: The weak h7-pawn, which is usually defended by a knight on f6, but here it has been pushed away by e5. If 9...cxd4 (Black does better with 9...f5 or 9...f6), White can play the Greek gift sacrifice 10.Bxh7+ Kxh7 11.Ng5+ Qxg5 ! 12.fxg5 dxc3 13.Qh5+! where Black has three minor pieces for the queen, a slight material superiority, but has a vulnerable king and White has good attacking chances. Apart from
3658-581: Was Mikhail Gurevich – Nigel Short , Manila 1990 where White, a strong Russian grandmaster , played openly for the draw but was ground down by Short in 42 moves. To create genuine winning chances, White will often play c2–c4 at some stage to put pressure on Black's d5-pawn. Black can give White an isolated queen's pawn by capturing on c4, but this gives White's pieces greater freedom, which may lead to attacking chances. This occurs in lines such as 3.exd5 exd5 4.c4 (played by GMs Normunds Miezis and Maurice Ashley ) and 4.Nf3 Bd6 5.c4, which may transpose to
3720-505: Was frequently played in the early days of the French Defence. Aron Nimzowitsch believed it to be White's best choice and enriched its theory with many ideas. The Advance declined in popularity, however, throughout most of the 20th century until it was revived in the 1980s by GM and prominent opening theoretician Evgeny Sveshnikov , who continued to be a leading expert in this line. In recent years, it has become nearly as popular as 3.Nd2; GM Alexander Grischuk has championed it successfully at
3782-412: Was recommended by Howard Staunton in the 19th century, but has been in decline ever since. In the early 1990s, Garry Kasparov briefly experimented with it before switching to 3.Nc3. Black's game is made much easier as his queen's bishop has been liberated. It has the reputation of giving immediate equality to Black due to the symmetrical pawn structure. Like the Exchange, the Advance Variation
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#17328019026993844-493: Was then narrowed down to any opening with 1.d4 which was not a Queen's Gambit. Eventually, through the efforts of the hypermodernists , the various Indian Defences (such as the King's Indian , Nimzo-Indian , and Queen's Indian ) became more popular, and as these openings were named, the term "Queen's Pawn Game" narrowed further. The Black responses given below are ranked in order of popularity according to ChessBase for FIDE-rated games. This move prevents White from establishing
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