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19-501: The GBU-10 has been built in more than a half-dozen variants with different wing and fuse combinations. Weight depends on the specific configuration, ranging from 2,055 to 2,103 lb (932 to 954 kg). GBU-10 bombs (along with the balance of the Paveway series) are produced by defense contractors Lockheed Martin and Raytheon . Raytheon began production after purchasing the product line from Texas Instruments . Lockheed Martin

38-452: A CEP of 310 feet (94 m) for 99 unguided bombs dropped under similar conditions. On 14 February 1991, an air-to-air kill was scored by a GBU-10 when an F-15E Strike Eagle of the 335th Tactical Fighter Squadron hit an Iraqi Air Force Mil Mi-24 Hind. 30 seconds after firing, the F-15E crew thought the bomb had missed and were about to fire an AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile when

57-405: A planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio , which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics is the study of wing performance in air. Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water and on submarines that use diving planes to point

76-480: A positive angle of attack to deflect air downward. Symmetrical airfoils have higher stalling speeds than cambered airfoils of the same wing area but are used in aerobatic aircraft as they provide the same flight characteristics whether the aircraft is upright or inverted. Another example comes from sailboats, where the sail is a thin sheet. For flight speeds near the speed of sound ( transonic flight ), specific asymmetrical airfoil sections are used to minimize

95-411: A suitable angle of attack relative to the flow of air past the wing. When this occurs, the wing deflects the airflow downwards, "turning" the air as it passes the wing. Since the wing exerts a force on the air to change its direction, the air must exert a force on the wing, equal in size but opposite in direction. This force arises from different air pressures that exist on the upper and lower surfaces of

114-494: Is in a different genus despite its name. Eider ducks are the namesake of The Barrow Duck-In . The genus contains three species. [REDACTED] Male [REDACTED] Female [REDACTED] Male [REDACTED] Female [REDACTED] Male [REDACTED] Female Two undescribed species are known from fossils , one from Middle Oligocene rocks in Kazakhstan and another from

133-561: The EGBU-10 (GPS/INS-enabled LGBs are frequently referred to as Enhanced GBUs or EGBUs). So far, Raytheon-built Paveway II EGBUs have only been produced for export, and have been used in combat by the British Royal Air Force over Afghanistan and Iraq. Wing A wing is a type of fin that produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and

152-439: The airfoil on a race car . In nature wings have evolved in dinosaurs, birds , mammals, fish, reptiles and plants as means of locomotion . Various species of penguins and other flighted or flightless water birds such as auks , cormorants , guillemots , shearwaters , eider and scoter ducks and diving petrels are efficient underwater swimmers, and use their wings to propel through water. The design and analysis of

171-501: The boat upwards or downwards, while submerged. Hydrodynamics is the study of foil performance in water. The word "wing" from the Old Norse vængr for many centuries referred mainly to the foremost limbs of birds (in addition to the architectural aisle). But in recent centuries the word's meaning has extended to include lift producing appendages of insects , bats , pterosaurs , boomerangs , some sail boats and aircraft , or

190-551: The fully limp flexible wing. Domina Jalbert invented flexible un-sparred ram-air airfoiled thick wings. Natural world: Aviation: Sailing: Eider duck The eiders ( / ˈ aɪ . d ər / ) are large seaducks in the genus Somateria . The three extant species all breed in the cooler latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The down feathers of eider ducks and some other ducks and geese, are used to fill pillows and quilts —they have given

209-576: The helicopter suddenly exploded. Both Lockheed Martin and Raytheon have developed GPS -guided versions of the GBU-10. Lockheed Martin calls its version the DMLGB (Dual-Mode LGB) GPS/ INS , and the U.S. Navy issued Lockheed Martin a contract in 2005 for further development of the weapon system. The GPS/INS-equipped version of the GBU-10 produced by Raytheon is the GBU-50/B, also informally also known as

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228-581: The name to the type of quilt known as an eiderdown. The genus Somateria was introduced in 1819 to accommodate the king eider by the English zoologist William Leach in an appendix to John Ross 's account of his voyage to look for the Northwest Passage . The name is derived from Ancient Greek σῶμα  : sōma "body" (stem somat- ) and ἔριον  : erion "wool", referring to eiderdown . Steller's eider ( Polysticta stelleri )

247-449: The same answers if done correctly. Given a particular wing and its velocity through the air, debates over which mathematical approach is the most convenient to use can be mistaken by those not familiar with the study of aerodynamics as differences of opinion about the basic principles of flight. Wings with an asymmetrical cross-section are the norm in subsonic flight . Wings with a symmetrical cross-section can also generate lift by using

266-401: The top of the wing generates a smaller downward force on the top of the wing than the upward force generated by the higher air pressure on the bottom of the wing. This gives an upward force on the wing. This force is called the lift generated by the wing. The different velocities of the air passing by the wing, the air pressure differences, the change in direction of the airflow, and the lift on

285-527: The very pronounced increase in drag associated with airflow near the speed of sound. These airfoils, called supercritical airfoils , are flat on top and curved on the bottom. Aircraft wings may feature some of the following: Aircraft wings may have various devices, such as flaps or slats, that the pilot uses to modify the shape and surface area of the wing to change its operating characteristics in flight. Besides fixed-wing aircraft , applications for wing shapes include: In 1948, Francis Rogallo invented

304-405: The wing are different ways of describing how lift is produced so it is possible to calculate lift from any one of the other three. For example, the lift can be calculated from the pressure differences, or from different velocities of the air above and below the wing, or from the total momentum change of the deflected air. Fluid dynamics offers other approaches to solving these problems—and all produce

323-454: The wing. Lower-than-ambient air pressure is generated on the top surface of the wing, with a higher-than ambient-pressure on the bottom of the wing. (See: airfoil ) These air pressure differences can be either measured using a pressure-measuring device, or can be calculated from the airspeed] using physical principles —including Bernoulli's principle , which relates changes in air speed to changes in air pressure. The lower air pressure on

342-484: The wings of aircraft is one of the principal applications of the science of aerodynamics , which is a branch of fluid mechanics . The properties of the airflow around any moving object can be found by solving the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics . Except for simple geometries, these equations are difficult to solve. Simpler explanations can be given For a wing to produce "lift", it must be oriented at

361-639: Was awarded a contract to compete with Raytheon when there was a break in production caused by transferring manufacturing out of Texas. Raytheon production of the Paveway II is centered in Arizona , Texas , and New Mexico . Lockheed Martin production is centered in Pennsylvania . According to Raytheon's fact sheet for the Paveway II, 99 deliveries of guided munitions will yield a circular error probable (CEP) of only 3.6 feet (1.1 m), compared to

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