45-2179: (Redirected from GER ) [REDACTED] Look up ger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ger or GER may refer to: People [ edit ] Given name [ edit ] Ger Blok (1939–2016), Dutch football manager Ger Brennan , Irish Gaelic footballer Ger Canning (born 1951), Irish sports commentator Ger Cunningham (Limerick hurler) (born 1972), Irish hurling coach, manager and former player Ger Duany (born 1978), South Sudanese actor and model Ger Egan (born 1990/1991), Westmeath Gaelic footballer Ger van Elk (1941–2014), Dutch artist Ger Feeney ( c. 1954 –2010), Irish Gaelic footballer Ger Farragher (born 1983), Irish hurler Ger Henderson (born 1954), Irish hurler Ger Lynch (born 1958), Irish Gaelic footballer, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Loingsigh Ger Manley (born 1968), Irish hurler, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Manlaí Ger Maycock (1970–2006), Irish artist Ger O'Driscoll (Gaelic footballer) , Irish Gaelic footballer Ger O'Driscoll (hurler) (born 1987), Irish hurler, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Drisceoil Ger Reddin (born 1988), Irish hurler, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Roideáin Ger Reidy (born 1986), Irish Gaelic footballer, Irish name: Gearoid Ó Riada Ger Ryan , Irish actress Ger Spillane (born 1981), Irish Gaelic footballer, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Spealáin Nickname [ edit ] Gerrit Ger Challa (born 1928), Dutch chemist Gerald Ger Connolly (born 1937), Irish politician Gerald Ger Cunningham (born 1961), Irish hurler Gerald Ger Houlahan , Irish Gaelic footballer Gerrit Ger Lagendijk (1941–2010), Dutch footballer Gerard Ger Loughnane (born 1953), Irish hurler Gerard Ger McDonnell (1971–2008), Irish mountaineer Gerald Ger Robinson (born 1982), Irish association footballer Gerardus Ger Senden (born 1971), Dutch footballer Other people [ edit ] Ger (Hasidic dynasty) ,
90-522: A British railway company Great Eastern Run , a running event in Peterborough, United Kingdom Gross enrolment ratio Codes [ edit ] Germany , IOC and UNDP codes ger, German language ISO 639-2/B code Gerrards Cross railway station , Buckinghamshire, National Rail station code GER Rafael Cabrera Mustelier Airport , serving Nueva Gerona, Cuba, IATA code GER Language and writing [ edit ] Ger (rune) , of
135-461: A British railway company Great Eastern Run , a running event in Peterborough, United Kingdom Gross enrolment ratio Codes [ edit ] Germany , IOC and UNDP codes ger, German language ISO 639-2/B code Gerrards Cross railway station , Buckinghamshire, National Rail station code GER Rafael Cabrera Mustelier Airport , serving Nueva Gerona, Cuba, IATA code GER Language and writing [ edit ] Ger (rune) , of
180-728: A Polish dynasty A convert to Judaism Places [ edit ] Ger, Girona , Catalonia, Spain Ger, Hautes-Pyrénées , France Ger, Manche , France Ger, Pyrénées-Atlantiques , France Ger district , a type of residential district in Mongolia Ger River , in Saint Lucia Góra Kalwaria (Yiddish: Ger), Mazovian Voivodship, Poland Shiquanhe , Tibet, historically called Ger Acronyms [ edit ] Gastroesophageal reflux Granular endoplasmic reticulum Great Eastern Railway ,
225-535: A Polish dynasty A convert to Judaism Places [ edit ] Ger, Girona , Catalonia, Spain Ger, Hautes-Pyrénées , France Ger, Manche , France Ger, Pyrénées-Atlantiques , France Ger district , a type of residential district in Mongolia Ger River , in Saint Lucia Góra Kalwaria (Yiddish: Ger), Mazovian Voivodship, Poland Shiquanhe , Tibet, historically called Ger Acronyms [ edit ] Gastroesophageal reflux Granular endoplasmic reticulum Great Eastern Railway ,
270-428: A combination of an antacid and alginic acid (such as Gaviscon ) may improve symptoms by 60% (NNT=4). Metoclopramide (a prokinetic) is not recommended either alone or in combination with other treatments due to concerns around adverse effects. The benefit of the prokinetic mosapride is modest. Sucralfate has similar effectiveness to H 2 receptor blockers; however, sucralfate needs to be taken multiple times
315-511: A day, thus limiting its use. Baclofen , an agonist of the GABA B receptor, while effective, has similar issues of needing frequent dosing in addition to greater adverse effects compared to other medications. The standard surgical treatment for severe GERD is the Nissen fundoplication . In this procedure, the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter to strengthen
360-430: A day. They should be taken one half to one hour before a meal. There is no significant difference between PPIs. When these medications are used long-term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. H 2 receptor blockers lead to roughly a 40% improvement. The evidence for antacids is weaker with a benefit of about 10% ( NNT =13) while
405-509: A device called the LINX, which consists of a series of metal beads with magnetic cores that are placed surgically around the lower esophageal sphincter, for those with severe symptoms that do not respond to other treatments. Improvement of GERD symptoms is similar to those of the Nissen fundoplication, although there is no data regarding long-term effects. Compared to Nissen fundoplication procedures,
450-586: A hiatal hernia. In 1934 gastroenterologist Asher Winkelstein described reflux and attributed the symptoms to stomach acid. The most common symptoms of GERD in adults are an acidic taste in the mouth, regurgitation , and heartburn . Less common symptoms include pain with swallowing / sore throat , increased salivation (also known as water brash), nausea , chest pain , coughing , and globus sensation . The acid reflux can induce asthma attack symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing in those with underlying asthma. GERD sometimes causes injury to
495-462: A positive diagnosis. Short-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors may help predict abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring results among patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD. Endoscopy , the examination of the stomach with a fibre-optic scope, is not routinely needed if the case is typical and responds to treatment. It is recommended when people either do not respond well to treatment or have alarm symptoms, including dysphagia , anemia , blood in
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#1732772120404540-478: A recurrent problem. Frequent acid reflux is due to poor closure of the lower esophageal sphincter , which is at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus. Factors that can contribute to GERD: Factors that have been linked with GERD, but not conclusively: In 1999, a review of existing studies found that, on average, 40% of GERD patients also had H. pylori infection. The eradication of H. pylori can lead to an increase in acid secretion, leading to
585-531: Is ranitidine and PPIs. Babies may see relief with smaller, more frequent feedings, more frequent burping during feedings, holding the baby in an upright position 30 minutes after feeding, keeping the baby's head elevated while laying on the back, removing milk and soy from the mother's diet or feeding the baby milk protein-free formula. They may also be treated with medicines such as ranitidine or proton pump inhibitors. Proton pump inhibitors, however, have not been found to be effective in this population and there
630-420: Is a common response to GERD symptoms and many people get more of this kind of treatment than their case merits. The overuse of acid suppression is a problem because of the side effects and costs. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole , are the most effective, followed by H 2 receptor blockers, such as ranitidine . If a once-daily PPI is only partially effective they may be used twice
675-413: Is a lack of evidence for safety. The role of an occupational therapist with an infant with GERD includes positioning during and after feeding. One technique used is called the log-roll technique, which is practiced when changing an infant's clothing or diapers. Placing an infant on their back while having their legs lifted is not recommended since it causes the acid to flow back up the esophagus. Instead,
720-2102: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages ger [REDACTED] Look up ger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ger or GER may refer to: People [ edit ] Given name [ edit ] Ger Blok (1939–2016), Dutch football manager Ger Brennan , Irish Gaelic footballer Ger Canning (born 1951), Irish sports commentator Ger Cunningham (Limerick hurler) (born 1972), Irish hurling coach, manager and former player Ger Duany (born 1978), South Sudanese actor and model Ger Egan (born 1990/1991), Westmeath Gaelic footballer Ger van Elk (1941–2014), Dutch artist Ger Feeney ( c. 1954 –2010), Irish Gaelic footballer Ger Farragher (born 1983), Irish hurler Ger Henderson (born 1954), Irish hurler Ger Lynch (born 1958), Irish Gaelic footballer, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Loingsigh Ger Manley (born 1968), Irish hurler, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Manlaí Ger Maycock (1970–2006), Irish artist Ger O'Driscoll (Gaelic footballer) , Irish Gaelic footballer Ger O'Driscoll (hurler) (born 1987), Irish hurler, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Drisceoil Ger Reddin (born 1988), Irish hurler, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Roideáin Ger Reidy (born 1986), Irish Gaelic footballer, Irish name: Gearoid Ó Riada Ger Ryan , Irish actress Ger Spillane (born 1981), Irish Gaelic footballer, Irish name: Gearóid Ó Spealáin Nickname [ edit ] Gerrit Ger Challa (born 1928), Dutch chemist Gerald Ger Connolly (born 1937), Irish politician Gerald Ger Cunningham (born 1961), Irish hurler Gerald Ger Houlahan , Irish Gaelic footballer Gerrit Ger Lagendijk (1941–2010), Dutch footballer Gerard Ger Loughnane (born 1953), Irish hurler Gerard Ger McDonnell (1971–2008), Irish mountaineer Gerald Ger Robinson (born 1982), Irish association footballer Gerardus Ger Senden (born 1971), Dutch footballer Other people [ edit ] Ger (Hasidic dynasty) ,
765-632: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gastroesophageal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GORD ) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus , resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion, dysphagia , heartburn , odynophagia , regurgitation , non-cardiac chest pain, extraesophageal symptoms such as chronic cough , hoarseness , reflux-induced laryngitis , or asthma . In
810-406: Is due to poor closure of the lower esophageal sphincter , which is at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus. Diagnosis among those who do not improve with simpler measures may involve gastroscopy , upper GI series , esophageal pH monitoring , or esophageal manometry . Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery for those who do not improve with
855-452: Is more effective than partial anterior fundoplication surgery, and partial fundoplication has better outcomes than total fundoplication. Esophagogastric dissociation is an alternative procedure that is sometimes used to treat neurologically impaired children with GERD. Preliminary studies have shown it may have a lower failure rate and a lower incidence of recurrent reflux. In 2012 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved
900-472: Is not needed in those in whom Barrett's esophagus is seen. Investigation for H. pylori is not usually needed. The current gold standard for diagnosis of GERD is esophageal pH monitoring. It is the most objective test to diagnose the reflux disease and allows monitoring GERD patients in their response to medical or surgical treatment. One practice for diagnosis of GERD is a short-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors, with improvement in symptoms suggesting
945-494: Is often safer and less expensive than taking prescription drugs. Some guidelines recommend trying to treat symptoms with an H 2 antagonist before using a proton-pump inhibitor because of cost and safety concerns. Medical nutrition therapy plays an essential role in managing the symptoms of the disease by preventing reflux, preventing pain and irritation, and decreasing gastric secretions. Some foods such as chocolate, mint, high-fat food, and alcohol have been shown to relax
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#1732772120404990-465: Is sometimes called silent reflux . Differential diagnosis of GERD can also include dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, esophageal and gastric cancer, and food allergies. The treatments for GERD may include food choices, lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly surgery. Initial treatment is frequently with a proton-pump inhibitor such as omeprazole . In some cases, a person with GERD symptoms can manage them by taking over-the-counter drugs . This
1035-438: Is uncertain, but is estimated at 20% of cases. Due to the risk of chronic heartburn progressing to Barrett's, EGD every five years is recommended for people with chronic heartburn, or who take drugs for chronic GERD. A small amount of acid reflux is typical even in healthy people (as with infrequent and minor heartburn ), but gastroesophageal reflux becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease when signs and symptoms develop into
1080-549: The Western world , between 10 and 20% of the population is affected by GERD. It is highly prevalent in North America with 18% to 28% of the population suffering from the condition. Occasional gastroesophageal reflux without troublesome symptoms or complications is even more common. The classic symptoms of GERD were first described in 1925, when Friedenwald and Feldman commented on heartburn and its possible relationship to
1125-599: The Anglo-Saxon futhark Gerund , abbreviation ger Other uses [ edit ] Ger (magazine) , an online Mongolian magazine Migration Period spear Yurt (Mongolian: гэр ) See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "Ger" , "G-E-R" , "ge-r" , or "g-er" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with GER All pages with titles beginning with Ger All pages with titles containing ger Gers (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
1170-539: The Anglo-Saxon futhark Gerund , abbreviation ger Other uses [ edit ] Ger (magazine) , an online Mongolian magazine Migration Period spear Yurt (Mongolian: гэр ) See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "Ger" , "G-E-R" , "ge-r" , or "g-er" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with GER All pages with titles beginning with Ger All pages with titles containing ger Gers (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
1215-569: The Johnson-DeMeester's scoring system: 0 – None 1 – Minimal – occasional episodes 2 – Moderate – medical therapy visits 3 – Severe – interference with daily activities Other causes of chest pain such as heart disease should be ruled out before making the diagnosis. Another kind of acid reflux, which causes respiratory and laryngeal signs and symptoms, is called laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD). Unlike GERD, LPR rarely produces heartburn, and
1260-479: The absence of perikymata , together with intact enamel along the gum margin. It will be evident in people with restorations as tooth structure typically dissolves much faster than the restorative material, causing it to seem as if it "stands above" the surrounding tooth structure. GERD may lead to Barrett's esophagus , a type of intestinal metaplasia , which is in turn a precursor condition for esophageal cancer . The risk of progression from Barrett's to dysplasia
1305-543: The bottle or breast only to cry for it again, failure to gain adequate weight, bad breath, and burping are also common. Children may have one symptom or many; no single symptom is universal in all children with GERD. Of the estimated 4 million babies born in the US each year, up to 35% of them may have difficulties with reflux in the first few months of their lives, known as 'spitting up'. About 90% of infants will outgrow their reflux by their first birthday. Acid reflux into
1350-422: The diagnosis requires both symptoms or complications and reflux of stomach content. Other investigations may include esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Barium swallow X-rays should not be used for diagnosis. Esophageal manometry is not recommended for use in the diagnosis, being recommended only prior to surgery. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring may be useful in those who do not improve after PPIs and
1395-582: The esophagus. These injuries may include one or more of the following: GERD sometimes causes injury of the larynx (LPR). Other complications can include aspiration pneumonia . GERD may be difficult to detect in infants and children since they cannot describe what they are feeling and indicators must be observed. Symptoms may vary from typical adult symptoms. GERD in children may cause repeated vomiting , effortless spitting up, coughing , and other respiratory problems, such as wheezing. Inconsolable crying, refusing food, crying for food and then pulling off
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1440-435: The first two measures. Lifestyle changes include not lying down for three hours after eating, lying down on the left side, raising the pillow or bedhead height, losing weight, and stopping smoking. Foods that may precipitate GERD symptoms include coffee, alcohol, chocolate, fatty foods, acidic foods, and spicy foods. Medications include antacids , H 2 receptor blockers , proton pump inhibitors , and prokinetics . In
1485-429: The long term, and when not treated, complications such as esophagitis , esophageal stricture , and Barrett's esophagus may arise. Risk factors include obesity , pregnancy , smoking , hiatal hernia , and taking certain medications. Medications that may cause or worsen the disease include benzodiazepines , calcium channel blockers , tricyclic antidepressants , NSAIDs , and certain asthma medicines. Acid reflux
1530-971: The lower esophageal sphincter, increasing the risk of reflux. Weight loss is recommended for the overweight or obese, as well as avoidance of bedtime snacks or lying down immediately after meals (meals should occur at least 2–3 hours before bedtime), elevation of the head of the bed on 6-inch blocks, avoidance of smoking, and avoidance of tight clothing that increases pressure in the stomach. It may be beneficial to avoid spices, citrus juices, tomatoes and soft drinks , and to consume small frequent meals and drink liquids between meals. Some evidence suggests that reduced sugar intake and increased fiber intake can help. Although moderate exercise may improve symptoms in people with GERD, vigorous exercise may worsen them. Breathing exercises may relieve GERD symptoms. The primary medications used for GERD are proton-pump inhibitors, H 2 receptor blockers and antacids with or without alginic acid . The use of acid suppression therapy
1575-428: The mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. A dry mouth, acid or burning sensation in the mouth, bad breath and redness of the palate may occur. Less common symptoms of GERD include difficulty in swallowing, water brash, chronic cough, hoarse voice, nausea and vomiting. Signs of enamel erosion are the appearance of a smooth, silky-glazed, sometimes dull, enamel surface with
1620-469: The occupational therapist would suggest rolling the child on the side, keeping the shoulders and hips aligned to avoid acid rising up the baby's esophagus. Another technique used is feeding the baby on their side with an upright position instead of lying flat on their back. The final positioning technique used for infants is to keep them on their stomach or upright for 20 minutes after feeding. In Western populations, GERD affects approximately 10% to 20% of
1665-449: The patient and damage to the device. Some patients who are at an increased surgical risk or do not tolerate PPIs may qualify for a more recently developed incisionless procedure known as a TIF transoral incisionless fundoplication . Benefits of this procedure may last for up to six years. GERD is a common condition that develops during pregnancy, but usually resolves after delivery. The severity of symptoms tend to increase throughout
1710-498: The population and 0.4% newly develop the condition. For instance, an estimated 3.4 million to 6.8 million Canadians have GERD. The prevalence rate of GERD in developed nations is also tightly linked with age, with adults aged 60 to 70 being the most commonly affected. In the United States 20% of people have symptoms in a given week and 7% every day. No data supports sex predominance with regard to GERD. An obsolete treatment
1755-693: The pregnancy. In pregnancy, dietary modifications and lifestyle changes may be attempted, but often have little effect. Some lifestyle changes that can be implemented are elevating the head of the bed, eating small portions of food at regularly scheduled intervals, reduce fluid intake with a meal, avoid eating three hours before bedtime, and refrain from lying down after eating. Calcium-based antacids are recommended if these changes are not effective; aluminum- and magnesium hydroxide-based antacids are also safe. Antacids that contain sodium bicarbonate or magnesium trisilicate should be avoided in pregnancy. Sucralfate has been studied in pregnancy and proven to be safe as
1800-529: The procedure has shown a reduction in complications such as gas bloat syndrome that commonly occur. Adverse responses include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, vomiting, and nausea. Contraindications that would advise against use of the device are patients who are or may be allergic to titanium , stainless steel , nickel , or ferrous iron materials. A warning advises that the device should not be used by patients who could be exposed to, or undergo, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of serious injury to
1845-433: The question of whether H. pylori -infected GERD patients are any different from non-infected GERD patients. A double-blind study, reported in 2004, found no clinically significant difference between these two types of patients with regard to the subjective or objective measures of disease severity. The diagnosis of GERD is usually made when typical symptoms are present. Reflux can be present in people without symptoms and
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1890-563: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ger . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ger&oldid=1255766190 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hypocorisms Hidden categories: Articles containing Mongolian-language text Short description
1935-563: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ger . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ger&oldid=1255766190 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hypocorisms Hidden categories: Articles containing Mongolian-language text Short description
1980-419: The sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia. It is recommended only for those who do not improve with PPIs. Quality of life is improved in the short term compared to medical therapy, but there is uncertainty in the benefits of surgery versus long-term medical management with proton pump inhibitors. When comparing different fundoplication techniques, partial posterior fundoplication surgery
2025-435: The stool (detected chemically), wheezing , weight loss, or voice changes. Some physicians advocate either once-in-a-lifetime or 5- to 10-yearly endoscopy for people with longstanding GERD, to evaluate the possible presence of dysplasia or Barrett's esophagus. Biopsies performed during gastroscopy may show: Reflux changes that are not erosive in nature lead to "nonerosive reflux disease". Severity may be documented with
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