Glutaredoxins (also known as Thioltransferase) are small redox enzymes of approximately one hundred amino-acid residues that use glutathione as a cofactor. In humans this oxidation repair enzyme is also known to participate in many cellular functions, including redox signaling and regulation of glucose metabolism. Glutaredoxins are oxidized by substrates, and reduced non-enzymatically by glutathione. In contrast to thioredoxins , which are reduced by thioredoxin reductase , no oxidoreductase exists that specifically reduces glutaredoxins. Instead, glutaredoxins are reduced by the oxidation of glutathione. Reduced glutathione is then regenerated by glutathione reductase . Together these components compose the glutathione system.
5-548: GRX may refer to: Science and technology [ edit ] Glutaredoxin , a family of enzymes GPRS Roaming Exchange , in mobile telephony Shimano GRX groupsets , bicycle components for gravel riding Other uses [ edit ] Federico García Lorca Airport , Granada, Spain (IATA: GRX ) Guriaso language , spoken on New Guineau (ISO 639-3: grx ) Martin Garrix (born 1996), Dutch DJ and record producer GRX ,
10-569: A 2023 EP by Lola Índigo GRX, a fictional car in the Speed Racer franchise Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title GRX . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GRX&oldid=1224315311 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
15-586: A variety of viruses . On the basis of extensive sequence similarity, it has been proposed that Vaccinia virus protein O2L is, it seems, a glutaredoxin. Bacteriophage T4 thioredoxin seems to be evolution-related. In position 5 of the pattern T4, thioredoxin has Val instead of Pro. Approximately 30 GRX isoforms are described in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and 48 in Oryza sativa L. According to their redox-active centre, they are subgrouped in six classes of
20-460: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Glutaredoxin Like thioredoxin , which functions in a similar way, glutaredoxin possesses an active centre disulfide bond. It exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form where the two cysteine residues are linked in an intramolecular disulfide bond. Glutaredoxins function as electron carriers in
25-430: The glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase . Moreover, GRX act in antioxidant defense by reducing dehydroascorbate , peroxiredoxins , and methionine sulfoxide reductase. Beside their function in antioxidant defense, bacterial and plant GRX were shown to bind iron-sulfur clusters and to deliver the cluster to enzymes on demand. Glutaredoxin has been sequenced in
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