Dida is a dialect cluster of the Kru family spoken in Ivory Coast .
17-715: [REDACTED] Look up Gud or gud in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. GUD or Gud may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] GUD (band) , an Australian trio Gud (music producer) (born 1995), Swedish DJ, producer and rapper GUD Magazine , an American literary periodical Medicine [ edit ] Genital ulcer disease Wilms tumor protein ( AEWS-GUD ) Other uses [ edit ] Yocoboué Dida language , spoken in Ivory Coast (ISO 639-3: gud) Groupe Union Défense ,
34-501: A French far-right political group Guadeloupe , an overseas territory of France in the Caribbean (UNDP code: GUD) Jaggery , a traditional form of sugar cane See also [ edit ] God (disambiguation) Good (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title GUD . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
51-444: A French far-right political group Guadeloupe , an overseas territory of France in the Caribbean (UNDP code: GUD) Jaggery , a traditional form of sugar cane See also [ edit ] God (disambiguation) Good (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title GUD . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
68-426: A central tap after alveolars ( [dɾu˧] "blood"). After a nasal ( /m/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/ ), it is itself nasalized, and sounds like a short n. There is a short epenthetic vowel between the initial consonant and the flap, which takes the quality of the syllabic vowel that follows ( [ɓᵉɺeˤ˥] "country"). Flap clusters occur with all consonants, even the approximants ( /wɺi˥/ "top"), apart from the alveolar sonorants /n/, /ɺ/ and
85-509: A grammatical device. Morpho-tonology plays a greater role in verb and pronominal paradigms than it does in nouns, and perhaps because of this, Dida verbs utilize a simpler tone system than nouns do: Noun roots have four lexically contrastive tones, subject pronouns have three, and verb roots have just two word tones . There are three level tones in Abou Dida: high /˥/ , mid /˧/ , and low /˨/ , with mid about twice as common as
102-582: A vowel are distinct from /k/ or /ɡ/ plus /u/ and another vowel. They may also be followed by a flap, as in /kʷɺeˤ˥/ "face". When emphasized, zero-onset words may take an initial [ ɦ ] , and initial approximants /j/, /w/ may become fricated [ ʝ ] , [ ɣʷ ] . /w/ becomes palatalized [ ɥ ] before high front vowels, or [ ʝʷ ] when emphasized. The following consonants are for Yocoboué Dida: /l/ can be realized as [ ɾ ] when after alveolar stops, and as [ ɾ̃ ] when after nasals. Dida uses tone as
119-438: Is no tense contrast with the low vowel.) The formants of the tense vowels show them to be lower than their non-tense counterparts: the formants of the highest tense vowels overlap the formants of the non-tense mid vowels, but there is visible tension in the lips and throat when these are enunciated carefully. Abu Dida has a number of diphthongs , which have the same number of tonal distinctions as simple vowels. All start with
136-565: Is that of Abu Dida, from Miller (2005), and of Yocoboué Dida, from Masson (1992). Abu Dida has a ten-vowel system: nine vowels distinguished by "tenseness", likely either pharyngealization or supra-glottal phonation (contraction of the larynx) of the type described as retracted tongue root , plus an uncommon mid-central vowel /ə/ . The non-contracted vowels are /i e a o u/ , and the contracted vowels /eˤ ɛˤ ɔˤ oˤ/ . (These could be analyzed as /iˤ eˤ oˤ uˤ/ , but here are transcribed with lower vowels to reflect their phonetic realization. There
153-572: The Lozoua (Lozwa) and Divo dialects (7,100 and 94,500 speakers), and Lakota the Lakota (Lákota), Abou (Abu), and Vata dialects. The prestige dialect is the Lozoua speech of the town of Guitry . The Dida lects have consonant and vowel inventories typical of the Eastern Kru languages. However, tone varies significantly between dialects, or at least between their descriptions. The following phonology
170-489: The free dictionary. GUD or Gud may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] GUD (band) , an Australian trio Gud (music producer) (born 1995), Swedish DJ, producer and rapper GUD Magazine , an American literary periodical Medicine [ edit ] Genital ulcer disease Wilms tumor protein ( AEWS-GUD ) Other uses [ edit ] Yocoboué Dida language , spoken in Ivory Coast (ISO 639-3: gud) Groupe Union Défense ,
187-537: The higher vowels, /i eˤ u oˤ/ , and except for /a/ , both elements are either contracted or non-contracted, so the pharyngealization is here transcribed after the second element of the vowel. Examples are /ɓue˨teoˤ˥˩/ "bottle" (from English), /pa˨ɺeaˤ˨˩/ "get stuck", and /feɔˤ˥˩/ "little bone". Dida also has nasal vowels, but they are not common and it is not clear how many. Examples are /fẽˤː˥/ "nothing", /ɡ͡boũ˧/ "chin", /pɔõˤ˥˧/ "25 cents" (from English "pound"). In diphthongs, nasalization shows up primarily on
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#1732765989731204-481: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GUD&oldid=1224316988 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gud (Redirected from Gud ) [REDACTED] Look up Gud or gud in Wiktionary,
221-633: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GUD&oldid=1224316988 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Yocobou%C3%A9 Dida language ISO divides Dida into three groups, Yocoboué (Yokubwe) Dida (101,600 speakers in 1993), Lakota Dida (93,800 speakers in 1993), and Gaɓogbo (Guébié/Gebye) which are only marginally mutually intelligible and best considered separate languages. Yocoboué consists of
238-451: The marginal consonant /ɣ/ , which is only attested in the syllable /ɣa/ . /ɓ/ is implosive in the sense that the airstream is powered by the glottis moving downward, but there is no rush of air into the mouth. /ɣ/ occurs in few words, but one of these, /ɣa˧/ "appear", occurs in numerous common idioms, so overall it's not an uncommon sound. It is a true fricative and may devoice to [ x ] word initially. /kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/ plus
255-564: The other two. Speaker intuition hears six contour tones : rising /˧˥/, /˨˧/ and falling /˥˧/, /˥˩/, /˧˩/, /˨˩/ . (The falling tones only reach bottom register at the end of a prosodic unit ; otherwise the low falling tone /˨˩/ is realized as a simple low tone.) However, some of these only occur in morphologically complex words, such as perfective verbs. Monosyllabic nouns contrast four tones: high, mid, low, and mid-falling : /dʒeˤ˥/ "egg", /dʒeˤ˧/ "leopard", /dʒeˤ˩/ "buffalo", /dʒeˤ˧˩/ "arrow", with high and mid being
272-504: The retracted vowels are /ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ/. /a/ may also be realized as [ʌ]. All vowels do have nasal realizations, but the nasalization of vowels is not phonemic. The consonants in Abu Dida are typical for Eastern Kru: Syllables may be vowel only, consonant-vowel, or consonant- /ɺ/ -vowel. /ɺ/ is a lateral approximant [ l ] initially, a lateral flap [ ɺ ] between vowels and after most consonants ( [ɓɺeˤ˥] "country"), but
289-441: The second element of the vowel. Vowel length is not distinctive, apart from phonesthesia (as in /fẽˤː˥/ "nothing"), morphemic contractions, and shortened grammatical words , such as the modal /kă˥/ "will" (compare its likely lexical source /ka˧/ "get"). Yocoboué Dida has a nine vowel system: four vowels being standard, and five vowels being a retracted series, plus a realization. The four regular vowels are /i e o u/, and
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