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34-530: Goodison is a metronymic surname , from the old English personal name Godgifu (God's gift), later simply "Goody". Goodisson is a similar surname. Notable holders of this surname include: Metronymic The word matronymic is first attested in English in 1794 and originates in the Greek μήτηρ mētēr "mother" ( GEN μητρός mētros whence the combining form μητρo- mētro -), ὄνυμα onyma ,

68-539: A cousin or neighbour. There are even instances where royal houses used matronymics to strengthen claims to the English throne – for example, Empress Matilda's eldest son was known as Henry FitzEmpress (- fitz meaning "son of" from Latin filius ). Common English matronyms include Madison, Beaton, Custer, Tiffany, Parnell, Hilliard, Marriott, Ibbetson, Babbs, and Megson. In the old Finnish system, women were standardly given matronyms, while men were given patronyms, for example, Ainontytär (female) or Pekanpoika (male). Since

102-408: A dead man's sperm had to identify the infants as fatherless, but in 2000 the government announced that the law would be changed to allow the deceased father's name to be listed on the birth certificate . In 1986, a New South Wales legal reform commission recommended that the law should recognize the deceased husband as the father of a child born from post-mortem artificial insemination, provided that

136-491: A matronymic surname. For instance, it was traditional during the Middle Ages for children whose fathers died before their births to use a matronym, and it was not unheard of for children to be given a matronym if the father's name was foreign, difficult to pronounce, or had an unfortunate meaning. A child of a strong-minded woman might also take a matronym, as might a child whose name would otherwise be confused with that of

170-558: A mothers name ended in the mid 19th century, but the matriarch lines are still traced. Other historical examples of matronyms in Ukraine include: Olenych, Katerynchuk, Khyvrych. Oleg Yaroslavich , 12th century prince of Halych, was known as Oleg Nastasyich during his life to distinguish his claim from that of his half-brother Volodymyr. Most characters in the Bible are referred to with a patronymic. However, Abishai , Joab , and Asahel –

204-530: A parent's death or sperm retrieved from a man's corpse , has created new legal issues. When a woman is inseminated with her deceased husband's sperm, laws that establish that a sperm donor is not the legal father of the child born as a result of artificial insemination have had the effect of excluding the deceased husband from fatherhood and making the child legally fatherless. In the United Kingdom before 2000, birth records of children conceived using

238-540: A pregnant widow. A posthumous brother would supplant that daughter in the succession, whereas a posthumous sister, being younger, would not. Similarly, in monarchies and noble titles that follow agnatic primogeniture , the sex of the unborn child determines the succession; a posthumous male child would himself succeed, whereas the next-in-line would succeed upon the birth of a posthumous female child. Posthumous conception by artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization , whether done using sperm or ova stored before

272-504: A result, a large number of today's surviving Ashkenazi surnames can be traced to a matrilineal ancestor rather than the more globally common trend of surnames being passed between male ancestors and their male descendants. Nevertheless, these surnames weren't matronymic in a strict sense. They are what is known as a matriname , since these particular cases don't derive family names from a mother's fore name, instead opting to do so from their surnames. The pattern even precluded instances where

306-419: A variant form of ὄνομα onoma "name", and the suffix -ικός - ikos , which was originally used to form adjectives with the sense "pertaining to" (thus "pertaining to the mother's name"). The Greek word μητρωνυμικός mētrōnymikos was then borrowed into Latin in a partially Latinised form (Greek mētēr , dialectally mātēr , corresponds to Latin mater ), as matronomicus . These words were a source for coining

340-444: A wife would legally adopt the surname of her husband; children would still retain their mother's maiden name as their own surname. The trend was in decline by the early 20th century, however; the 1910 Austro-Hungarian Jewish Census of Tarnopol recorded around 2,000 Jewish families, only 13 of whom possessed a mark of recte indicating a legal surname adopted from a mother's maiden name. Posthumous birth A posthumous birth

374-479: Is difficult to ascertain if name of a specific family is patronymic or matronymic considering many Serbian names have both male and female version (for example, surname Miljanić could come from both m.- Miljan and f.- Miljana). Cases where widows had to become heads of households were not uncommon during 18th and 19th century and when surnames were first standardized in Serbia in 1851 it was decided they would be based on

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408-447: Is the birth of a child after the death of a parent. A person born in these circumstances is called a posthumous child or a posthumously born person . Most instances of posthumous birth involve the birth of a child after the death of its father, but the term is also applied to infants delivered shortly after the death of the mother, usually by caesarean section . Posthumous birth has special implications in law , potentially affecting

442-466: The cognomen (or third name) 'Postumus'. One example is Agrippa Postumus . In Yoruba culture , posthumous children are given names that refer to the circumstances concerning the birth. Examples of this include Bàbárímisá, meaning that the Father saw (the child) and ran; Yeyérínsá, meaning that the mother saw (the child) and ran; Ikúdáyísí (or any name with the root dáyísí), which means that death spared

476-537: The 19th century the system of inherited family names has been used, however, and today nearly all Finns have inherited surnames. Family names derived from matronyms are found in France , especially in Normandy : Catherine, Marie, Jeanne, Adeline. In medieval Normandy ( Duchy of Normandy ), a matronym might be used when the mother was of greater prominence than the father or the basis for a claim of inheritance, such as in

510-482: The English matronymic as the female counterpart to patronymic (first attested in English in 1612). Whereas the Oxford English Dictionary records an English noun patronym in free variation with the noun patronymic , it does not, however, record a corresponding noun matronym . More rarely, English writers use forms based wholly on Greek: the noun metronym (first attested in 1904); and

544-975: The Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi (the children of Dôn ). For instance the famous mythological King of Ulster, Conchobar mac Nessa is named after his mother Ness . Matronymics are accepted in the Netherlands but are generally written as given names on identity cards. Family names derived from matronyms are also found in Romania , especially in the region of Moldavia . Examples include: Aioanei, Ababei, Acatrinei, Ailincăi. Although far less common than patronymic surnames, matronymic surnames are widespread both in Serbia and in neighboring countries. Examples include surnames such as Katić, Sinđelić, Nedić, Marić, Višnjić, Janjić, Sarić, Miličić, Milenić, Natalić, Zorić, Smiljić, Anđelić and many others. Sometimes it

578-439: The case of hereditary monarchies and hereditary noble titles following primogeniture . In this system, a monarch's or peer's own child precedes that monarch's or peer's sibling in the order of succession. In cases where the widow of a childless king or nobleman is pregnant at the time of his death, the next-in-line is not permitted to assume the throne or title, but must yield place to the unborn child, or ascends and reigns (in

612-404: The case of a monarch) or succeeds (in the case of a peer) until the child is born (see Alfonso XIII , Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or John Pelham, 9th Earl of Chichester ). In monarchies and noble titles that follow male-preference cognatic primogeniture , the situation is similar where the dead monarch or peer was not childless but left a daughter as the next-in-line, as well as

646-590: The cases of Henry FitzEmpress and Robert FitzWimarc . Some Icelandic people, like Heiðar Helguson , have matronyms. A particularity by the Norse name of the trickster among the revered of Åsgard is that Loki got a matronymic, Loki Laufeyjarson. His father Fárbauti is associated with Wild Fire, and his mother, the leaves of the trees, the mother of all figs and birches, as in Askr and Embla. Matronymics appear in medieval Celtic tales such as Cath Maige Tuired and

680-481: The child had been born before the parent's death. Most states recognize a posthumous child born within a set time frame, normally 280 to 300 days after the death of the decedent father. Another emerging legal issue in the United States is the control of genetic material after the death of the donor. United States law holds that posthumous children of U.S. citizens who are born outside the United States have

714-424: The child's citizenship and legal rights , inheritance , and order of succession . Legal systems generally include special provisions regarding inheritance by posthumous children and the legal status of such children. For example, Massachusetts law states that a posthumous child is treated as having been living at the death of the parent, meaning that the child receives the same share of the parent's estate as if

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748-510: The child; and Ẹnúyàmí, meaning that "I was surprised", referring to the fact that the tragic death of the father, mother, or both was sudden and surprising for the family. Telephone lineman The Bible's Old Testament mentions two named cases of posthumous children: Parikshit , the sole survivor of the Kuru dynasty in Mahabharata , was born after his father Abhimanyu was killed in

782-651: The court reversed its decision in November. An example of an Arabic matronymic is the name of Jesus "Yeshua ibn Maryam", which means "Jesus, the son of Mary". The book Kitāb man nusiba ilá ummihi min al-shu‘arā’ (the book of poets who are named with the lineage of their mothers) by the 9th-century author Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb is a study of the matronymics of Arabic poets. There exist other examples of matronymics in historical Arabic. While most Mongolian names today are patronymic , some Mongolians are known to be matronymic. This could be due to, for example, an absence of

816-648: The father such as in the case of Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat , the first elected president of Mongolia. Filipino names legally use the maiden name of the child’s mother as a middle name as opposed to the Anglo-American use of additional given names. Filipino children born to unwed mothers , if not legally claimed by the father nor adopted by anyone else, automatically bear their mother’s maiden name as their surname and sometimes her middle name as her siblings would. Amis people 's daughter names are followed by

850-529: The father's frozen sperm were not eligible for Social Security benefits, which set a new precedent. In the Middle Ages, it was traditional for posthumous children born in England to be given a matronymic surname instead of a patronymic one. This may in part explain why matronyms are more common in England than in other parts of Europe. In Ancient Rome , posthumous children of noble birth were often given

884-450: The mother's name, while a son's name is followed by his father's name. Seediqs often get to choose which of their parents’ name to go after their own. Some Vietnamese names also function this way, as less of a "tradition" than a style or trend, in which the mother's maiden name is the child's middle name. Although many English matronyms were given to children of unwed mothers, it was not unusual for children of married women to also use

918-695: The names of eldest living heads of households which in some cases were women. People who didn't know their father well would also take matronymic surnames, with notable cases being hero of the First Serbian Uprising Stevan Sinđelić , who took that surname in honor of his mother Sinđelija. In Ukraine, the suffix chak interprets as "daughter of" implying an original history of matronyms (similar to American last names ending in 'son' [Davidson, Williamson]). In Ukraine all last names ending with -chak, such as Rataichak, Katerchak, Alberchak, Bartchak, Shchak, etc... are matronyms. The practice of taking

952-563: The names of their mothers as the second part of their name. Some Minangkabau people use this naming system, many people, however, have no surname at all. People of Enggano Island also use a matronymic system. They also have family name/surname ( marga ). In July 2023, the Constitutional Court of Kyrgyzstan decided that adults may have the right to use a matronymic instead of the traditional patronymic on their official documents. After pushback from conservative groups,

986-742: The noun and adjective metronymic (first attested in 1868). These are, for example, the forms used in the 2016 The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland . Speakers are in practice likely to use female-line name, or name of "his/her mother" to be both specific and avoid use of technical terms. Some matrilineal communities in South and North-East India, like the Nairs , Bunts and Khasi , have family names which are inherited from their mother. Matronymic names are common in Kerala . Daughters take

1020-581: The recovery of a person whose life is in danger, the endangered person's mother is named, the normal formula being "We call upon you to pray for the recovery of "[person's name], son/daughter of [mother's name]". In the 18th century, numerous European nations, such as the Holy Roman Empire , passed laws and issued decrees which mandated that Jews adopt consistent, legal surnames. While this applied to all Jews regardless of gender, for many, their surname came from their mothers, and not their fathers. As

1054-409: The same rights to citizenship that they would have had if the deceased U.S. citizen parent had been alive at the time of their birth. In the field of assisted reproduction , snowflake children , i.e. those "adopted" as frozen embryos by people unrelated to them, can result in the birth of a child after the death of one or both of their genetic parents. A posthumous birth has special significance in

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1088-938: The sons of Zeruiah , sister or stepsister of King David – are invariably referred to as "Sons of Zeruiah" and the name of their father remains unknown. Also the Biblical Judge Shamgar is referred to with the matronymic "Son of Anat ". There are indications of a Jewish history of matronymic names. Specifically, in East European Jewish society, there appeared various matronymic family names such as Rivlin (from Rivka / Rebecca ), Sorkin (from Sarah ), Zeitlin (from Zeitl), Rochlin (from Rachel ), Feiglin (from Feige ), Dworkin (from Dvora), and others. In certain Jewish prayers and blessings, matronyms are used, e.g., "Joseph ben (son of) Miriam". Specifically, when people are asked to pray urgently for

1122-547: The woman is his widow and unmarried at the time of birth, but the child should have inheritance rights to the father's estate only if the father left a will that included specific provisions for the child. In 2001, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court was asked to consider whether the father's name should appear on the birth record for a child conceived through artificial insemination after her father's death, as well as whether that child

1156-604: Was eligible for U.S. Social Security benefits. The court ruled in January 2002 that a child could be the legal heir of a dead parent if there was a genetic relationship and the deceased parent had both agreed to the posthumous conception and committed to support the child. Different U.S. state courts and federal appellate courts have ruled differently in similar cases. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Astrue v. Capato that twins born 18 months after their father's death using

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