32-489: For the destroyer escort originally named Gatch , see USS Hooper . Gatch is a surname. People with that name include: Gil Gatch (born 1981), American politician and attorney Helen Gatch (1862–1942), American painter and photographer, mother of Thomas Leigh Gatch Lee Gatch (1902–1968), American artist Philip Gatch (1751–1835), American Methodist minister Thomas Benton Gatch (1841–1933), Confederate Army officer in
64-544: A large-scale U.S. military intervention in the region during the Vietnam War (1955–1975). Despite its name, SEATO mostly included countries located outside of the region but with an interest either in the region or the organization itself. They were Australia (which administered Papua New Guinea , until 1975), France (which had recently relinquished French Indochina , by 1955), New Zealand , Pakistan (which, until 1971, included East Pakistan , now Bangladesh ),
96-695: A meeting of treaty partners in Bangkok , Thailand. The organization's headquarters was also in Bangkok. A total of eight members joined the organization in its lifetime. Primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, SEATO is generally considered a failure, as internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the SEATO military; however, SEATO-funded cultural and educational programs left longstanding effects in Southeast Asia. SEATO
128-748: A member upon the discovery of the newly founded "Thai Autonomous Region" in Yunnan (the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in South West China ) – apparently feeling threatened by potential Maoist subversion on its land. Other regional countries like Burma and Indonesia were far more mindful of domestic internal stability rather than any communist threat, and thus rejected joining it. Malaya (independence in 1957; including Singapore between 1963 and 1965) also chose not to participate formally, though it
160-725: A mid-1950s combination of anti-communist Western states and such states in Southeast Asia. The United Kingdom, France and the United States, the latter of which joined after the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty by an 82–1 vote, represented the strongest Western powers. Canada also considered joining, but decided against it in order to concentrate on its NATO responsibilities with its limited defense capabilities. Average of contributions to civil and military budgets between 1958 and 1973: Secretaries-General of SEATO: After its creation, SEATO quickly became insignificant militarily, as most of its member nations contributed very little to
192-491: A new class of fast escort vessels designed for convoy work, Hooper conducted shakedown training out of her home port, San Diego , before deploying with the 7th Fleet . The escort vessel took part in antisubmarine operations and joined the vital Formosa Patrol before returning to the United States 9 April 1959. Through 1961 she continued to operate with the 7th Fleet and in the San Diego area. In January 1962, Hooper began
224-467: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gatch&oldid=1256649012 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles USS Hooper USS Hooper (DE-1026) (originally USS Gatch )
256-537: A two-month assignment as school ship at San Diego for antisubmarine training. Entering the yard at Hunter's Point in March, the ship had her aft 3-inch mount replaced with a helicopter flight deck and a single 20 mm cannon to increase her versatility, and also had the newest sonar equipment installed. Returning to her regular pattern of deployments to the Far East, Hooper continued to play an important role in keeping
288-663: The British Parliament , at one point interrupting a parliamentary debate between Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and Leader of the Opposition Clement Attlee to excoriate them both for considering the idea. Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia reported that Foster Dulles went to great efforts to convince him to join SEATO; however, he refused because "I considered SEATO an aggressive military alliance directed against neighbors whose ideology I did not share but with whom Cambodia had no quarrel". In
320-622: The Philippines , Thailand , the United Kingdom (which administered Hong Kong , North Borneo and Sarawak ) and the United States . The Philippines and Thailand were the only Southeast Asian countries that actually participated in the organization. They shared close ties with the United States, particularly the Philippines , and they faced incipient communist insurgencies against their own governments. Thailand became
352-818: The Royal Australian Air Force deployed CAC Sabres of its No. 79 Squadron to Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base , Thailand. The Sabres began to play a role in the Vietnam War in 1965, when their air defence responsibilities expanded to include protection of USAF aircraft using Ubon as a base for strikes against North Vietnam. In addition to joint military training, SEATO member states worked on improving mutual social and economic issues. Such activities were overseen by SEATO's Committee of Information, Culture, Education, and Labor Activities, and proved to be some of SEATO's greatest successes. In 1959, SEATO's first Secretary General, Pote Sarasin, created
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#1732791740851384-951: The SEATO Graduate School of Engineering (currently the Asian Institute of Technology ) in Thailand to train engineers. SEATO also sponsored the creation of the Teacher Development Center in Bangkok, as well as the Thai Military Technical Training School, which offered technical programs for supervisors and workmen. SEATO's Skilled Labor Project (SLP) created artisan training facilities, especially in Thailand, where ninety-one training workshops were established. SEATO also provided research funding and grants in agriculture and medical fields. In 1959, SEATO set up
416-467: The aircraft carrier USS Yorktown to Hawaii. She then departed Pearl Harbor 7 February for Yokosuka , Japan, where she arrived 17 February. From 21 February to 18 March, she patrolled the Formosa Strait again. During the next 6 months Hooper operated off Vietnam, contributing to the safety of the government of South Vietnam. On 15 July Hooper departed Yokosuka for San Diego. En route
448-758: The public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . The entry can be found here . SEATO The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization ( SEATO ) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty signed in September 1954 in Manila , Philippines. The formal institution of SEATO was established on 19 February 1955 at
480-579: The American Civil War and post-war politician and businessman Thomas Milton Gatch (1833–1913), president of Willamette University, Oregon State University, and the University of Washington Thomas Leigh Gatch (1891–1954), American vice admiral, Judge Advocate General of the Navy and attorney, grandson of Thomas Milton Gatch Thomas Leigh Gatch, Jr. (1926–1974?), lost while attempting
512-841: The Cholera Research Laboratory in Bangkok, later establishing a second Cholera Research Laboratory in Dacca , East Pakistan . The Dacca (now Dhaka) laboratory soon became the world's leading cholera research facility and was later renamed the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh . SEATO was also interested in literature, and a SEATO Literature Award was created and given to writers from member states. Though Secretary of State John Foster Dulles considered SEATO an essential element in U.S. foreign policy in Asia, historians have considered
544-596: The Manila Pact a failure, and the pact is rarely mentioned in history books. In The Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina , Sir James Cable , a British diplomat and naval strategist, cabled the Foreign Office and described SEATO as "a fig leaf for the nakedness of American policy", citing the Manila Pact as a "zoo of paper tigers ". As early as the 1950s Aneurin Bevan unsuccessfully tried to block SEATO in
576-450: The U.S. between 1952 and 1957, and as Prime Minister of Thailand from September 1957 to 1 January 1958. Unlike the NATO alliance, SEATO had no joint commands with standing forces. In addition, SEATO's response protocol in the event of communism presenting a "common danger" to the member states was vague and ineffective, though membership in the SEATO alliance did provide a rationale for
608-516: The alliance. While SEATO military forces held joint military training, they were never deployed because of internal disagreements. SEATO was unable to intervene in conflicts in Laos because France and the United Kingdom rejected the use of military action. As a result, the U.S. provided unilateral support for Laos after 1962. Though sought by the U.S., involvement of SEATO in the Vietnam War
640-403: The early 1970s, the question of dissolving the organization arose. Pakistan withdrew in 1973, after East Pakistan seceded and became Bangladesh on 16 December 1971. South Vietnam was defeated in war and annexed by North Vietnam and France withdrew financial support in 1975, and the SEATO council agreed to the phasing-out of the organization. After a final exercise on 20 February 1976,
672-521: The first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon, son of Thomas Leigh Gatch See also [ edit ] Gatch bed , a type of hospital bed invented by Dr Willis Dew Gatch (1877-1962) Gatch Site , an archaeological site located near Milford, Ohio, United States All pages with titles containing Gatch [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Gatch . If an internal link intending to refer to
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#1732791740851704-477: The lingering threat coming from communist North Vietnam and the possibility of the domino theory with Indochina turning into a communist frontier, SEATO got these countries under its protection – an act that would be considered to be one of the main justifications for the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War . Cambodia, however rejected the protection in 1956. The majority of SEATO members were not located in Southeast Asia . To Australia and New Zealand, SEATO
736-546: The pact with NATO. Organizationally, SEATO was headed by the Secretary General, whose office was created in 1957 at a meeting in Canberra , with a council of representatives from member states and an international staff. Also present were committees for economics, security, and information. SEATO's first Secretary General was Pote Sarasin , a Thai diplomat and politician who had served as Thailand's ambassador to
768-670: The peace in this vital area. In addition to her regular operations, she took part in SEATO maneuvers in the spring of 1963. After serving in Hawaiian waters, Hooper returned to the Far East in July 1964. During November Hooper patrolled the Taiwan Strait . She returned to San Diego 16 December where she conducted coastal operations through 1965. On 6 January 1966 Hooper , along with Bridget , Evans , and Bronstein , escorted
800-518: The ship assisted in the search for a downed Royal Thailand Army DC-3 aircraft carrying Brigadier General Joseph Stilwell Jr . The search was fruitless. Arriving at San Diego 22 July, Hooper operated off the western coast of the United States for the remainder of the year and into 1967. Hooper served as a Naval Reserve ship based in the Long Beach Naval Station in 1968. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
832-546: Was a Dealey -class destroyer escort in the United States Navy . She was named for Rear Admiral Stanford Caldwell Hooper , prominent naval communicator (considered the founder of naval radio), and Director of Naval Communications from 1928 to 1935. Hooper was launched by Bethlehem-Pacific Coast Steel Corp., San Francisco, 1 August 1957; sponsored by Miss Elizabeth Hooper, daughter of Rear Admiral Hooper; and commissioned at San Francisco 18 March 1958. One of
864-591: Was considered to have been largely developed by American diplomat George F. Kennan . President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's Secretary of State John Foster Dulles (1953–1959) is considered to be the primary force behind the creation of SEATO, which expanded the concept of anti-communist collective defense to Southeast Asia. Then-Vice President Richard Nixon advocated an Asian equivalent of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) upon returning from his Asia trip of late 1953, and NATO
896-530: Was denied because of lack of British and French cooperation. Both the United States and Australia cited the alliance as justification for involvement in Vietnam. U.S. membership in SEATO provided the United States with a rationale for a large-scale U.S. military intervention in Southeast Asia. Other countries, such as the UK and key states in Asia, accepted the rationale. In 1962, as part of its commitment to SEATO,
928-523: Was dissolved on 30 June 1977, after many of its members lost interest and withdrew. The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty was signed on 8 September 1954 in Manila , as part of the American Truman Doctrine of creating anti-communist bilateral and collective defense treaties. These treaties and agreements were intended to create alliances that would keep communist powers in check ( Communist China , in SEATO's case). This policy
960-545: Was kept updated with key developments due to its close relationship with the United Kingdom. The states newly formed from French Indochina ( North Vietnam , South Vietnam , Cambodia and Laos ) were prevented from taking part in any international military alliance as a result of the Geneva Agreements signed 20 July of the same year concluding the end of the First Indochina War . However, with
992-527: Was seen as a more satisfying organization than ANZUS – a collective defense organization with the U.S. The United Kingdom and France joined partly due to having long maintained colonies in the region, and partly due to concerns over developments in Indochina . The U.S., upon perceiving Southeast Asia to be a pivotal frontier for Cold War geopolitics, saw the establishment of SEATO as essential to its Cold War containment policy . The membership reflected
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1024-485: Was the model for the new organization, with the military forces of each member intended to be coordinated to provide for the collective defense of the member states. The organization, headquartered in Bangkok , was created in 1955 at the first meeting of the Council of Ministers set up by the treaty. This was contrary to Dulles's preference to call the organization "ManPac" (Manila Pact) to avoid public identification of
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