Gazela is a wooden tall ship, built in 1901, whose home port is Philadelphia . She was built as a commercial fishing vessel, and used in that capacity for more than sixty years. She now serves as the maritime goodwill ambassador for the City of Philadelphia, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the Ports of Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey . She has been featured in a number of films, and participated in domestic and international events, including OpSail 2000 .
18-700: The barquentine Gazela Primeiro (meaning Gazelle the First in Portuguese ) was built in the shipyard of J. M. Mendes in Setúbal , Portugal in 1883. At that time the Portuguese fisheries authorities had a regulation prohibiting the construction of new vessels for the Grand Banks cod fishery. It was however permissible to modify or "rebuild" an existing vessel. The best information available indicates that
36-641: A crew of Americans (including one former Gazela engineer Manuel M. Rocha). She traced Columbus ' route via the Canary Islands and San Juan, Puerto Rico and on Thursday, July 8, made her first entrance into Philadelphia. In 1985, Gazela was transferred to the Philadelphia Ship Preservation Guild , the not-for-profit corporation that now maintains and operates the vessel with the help of donors and volunteers, sending her as Philadelphia's tall ship to events up and down
54-520: A race or festival. Traditional rigging may include square rigs and gaff rigs , usually with separate topmasts and topsails . It is generally more complex than modern rigging, which utilizes newer materials such as aluminum and steel to construct taller, lightweight masts with fewer, more versatile sails. Most smaller, modern vessels use the Bermuda rig . Author and master mariner Joseph Conrad (who spent 1874 to 1894 at sea in tall ships and
72-470: A waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres not carrying spinnaker-like sails. Modern rigged vessels (i.e. Bermudan-rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres carrying spinnaker-like sails. There are also a variety of other rules and regulations for the crew, such as ages, and also for a rating rule. There are other sail festivals and races with their own standards,
90-416: Is a sailing vessel with three or more masts ; with a square rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged main, mizzen and any other masts. While a full-rigged ship is square-rigged on all three masts, and the barque is square-rigged except for the mizzen-mast, the barquentine extends the principle by making only the foremast square-rigged. The advantages of a smaller crew, good performance before
108-735: Is over 40 m LOA, and B/C/D are 9.14 m to under 40 m LOA. The definitions have to do with rigging: class A is for square sail rigged ships, class B is for "traditionally rigged" ships, class C is for "modern rigged" vessels with no " spinnaker -like sails", and class D is the same as class C but carrying a spinnaker-like sail. All square-rigged vessels (barque, barquentine, brig, brigantine or ship rigged) and all other vessels more than 40 metres length overall (LOA), regardless of rig. STI classifies its A Class as "all square-rigged vessels and all other vessels over 40 metres (131 ft) length overall (LOA)", in this case STI LOA excludes bowsprit and aft spar . STI defines LOA as "Length overall measured from
126-539: Is seventeenth century in origin, formed from "barque" in imitation of " brigantine ", a two-masted vessel square-rigged only on the forward mast, and apparently formed from the word brig . This naval article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tall ship A tall ship is a large, traditionally- rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners , brigantines , brigs and barques . "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for
144-481: The Grand Banks of Newfoundland . Every spring she would leave Lisbon , laden with as many as 35 dories stacked on deck like drinking cups, a crew of 40 men (35 fishermen/sailors, two cooks, two mates and the captain), and a couple of apprentices. Her cargo hold would be full of salt as ballast . The salt would be used for the fish that were caught (cod, flounder, halibut, haddock and perch), preserving them for
162-504: The STI is just one set of standards for their purposes. An older definition of class "A" by the STI was "all square-rigged vessels over 120′ (36.6 m) length overall (LOA). Fore and aft rigged vessels of 160′ (48.8 m) (LOA) and over". By LOA they meant length excluding bowsprit and aft spar. Class "B" was "all fore and aft rigged vessels between 100 and 160 feet in length, and all square rigged vessels under 120′ (36.6 m) (LOA)". See also
180-696: The eastern seaboard of the U.S. Gazela spends the spring and summer months cruising the Delaware River and the Atlantic Coast. In the winter months Gazela is maintained by volunteer members of the Philadelphia Ship Preservation Guild. 39°56′38″N 75°08′29″W / 39.944012°N 75.141270°W / 39.944012; -75.141270 Barquentine A barquentine or schooner barque (alternatively "barkentine" or "schooner bark")
198-427: The fore side of stem post to aft side of stern post, counter or transom". Traditionally rigged vessels (i.e. gaff rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres, one good example is Spirit of Bermuda . Modern rigged vessels (i.e. Bermudan rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with
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#1732772012222216-552: The long trip home. Gazela could stow upwards of 350 tons of salted fish in her holds. Gazela was engine-less until 1938, when a Mannheim-Benz diesel engine was installed. With the depletion of cod on the Grand Banks, vessels were being forced to fish the Davis Strait , between Greenland and Baffin Island, Canada. The contrary winds and frequent icebergs in this area made life difficult for ships without engines. To accommodate
234-444: The people on board are aged 15 to 25. In the 21st century, "tall ship" is often used generically for large, classic, sailing vessels, but is also a technically defined term by Sail Training International for its purposes and STI helped popularize the term. The exact definitions have changed somewhat over time, and are subject to various technicalities, but by 2011 there were 4 classes (A, B, C, and D). There are only two size classes, A
252-549: The propeller, a new rudder post was installed and her counter was extended approximately 10–12 feet, giving her a long overhanging transom . After a remarkably long commercial career, Gazela ' s last voyage to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland as a commercial fishing ship was made in 1969. Gazela was purchased by philanthropist William Wikoff Smith for the Philadelphia Maritime Museum in 1971. The ship sailed for Philadelphia on May 24, 1971, with
270-482: The registration of a much smaller, two-masted vessel built in Cacilhas in 1883, named Gazella (spelled with two Ls), was transferred by the owners to the newly built vessel in 1901. There is no evidence that any timbers from the earlier vessel were re-used in the construction of the later one; a practice which would make no sense to a commercial wooden shipbuilder in the 1900s. Gazela was built to carry fishermen to
288-402: The sea-serpent, and the distant outline broken by many a tall ship, leaning, still, against the sky." He does not cite this quotation, but the work was written in 1849. While Sail Training International (STI) has extended the definition of tall ship for the purpose of its races to embrace any sailing vessel with more than 30 ft (9.14 m) waterline length and on which at least half
306-447: The wind and the ability to sail relatively close to the wind while carrying plenty of cargo made it a popular rig at the end of the nineteenth century. Today, barquentines are popular with modern tall ship and sail training operators as their suite of mainly fore-and-aft sails improve non-downwind performance, while their foremast of square sails offers long distance downwind speed and dramatic appearance in port. The term "barquentine"
324-574: Was quite particular about naval terminology) used the term "tall ship" in his works; for example, in The Mirror of the Sea in 1906. Henry David Thoreau also references the term "tall ship" in his first work, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers , quoting "Down out at its mouth, the dark inky main blending with the blue above. Plum Island , its sand ridges scolloping along the horizon like
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