Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque ( Bosnian : Gazi Husrev-begova džamija , Turkish : Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii ) is a mosque in the city of Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina . Built in the 16th century, it is the largest historical mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most representative Ottoman structures in the Balkans. Having been Sarajevo's central mosque since the days of its construction, today it also serves as the main congregational mosque of the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is located in the Baščaršija neighborhood in the Stari Grad municipality and, being one of the main architectural monuments in the town, is regularly visited by tourists.
25-453: The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque was built in 1530 as the central object of the Beg 's endowment , which also included a maktab and a madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace), a hammam (public bathplace) etc. The foundation of this waqf by the contemporary Ottoman governor of Bosnia had a crucial point in the development of the town. The architect's name
50-417: A beylerbey ("bey of beys") who governed an eyalet and commanded his subordinate sanjak-beys in war. In this way, the structure of command on the battlefield resembled the hierarchy of provincial government. The office of sanjak-bey resembled that of the beylerbey on a more modest scale. Like the beylerbey , the sanjak-bey drew his income from a prebend, which consisted usually of revenues from
75-402: A dome resting on pendentives , represents the spine of the structure, while lower extensions lean to it and expand the volume of the interior space. The qibla side of the mosque is extended with a rectangular space which is covered by a semi-dome resting on two highly developed muqarnas structures. They stand in function of pendentives, reducing the rectangular outline of the ground level to
100-490: A completely new interior was designed and applied by Bosnian calligrapher Hazim Numanagić in 2001/2002. Austro-Hungarian decoration, performed mostly in pseudo-Moorish style, remains only on the portal of the Mosque today. Gazi Husrev-beg Sultanzade Gazi Husrev-beg ( Ottoman Turkish : غازى خسرو بك , Gāzī Ḫusrev Beğ ; Modern Turkish : Gazi Hüsrev Bey ; 1484–1541) was an Ottoman Bosnian sanjak-bey (governor) of
125-515: Is an archaic Serbo-Croatian word for intestines), although the name Drobnjaci is recorded earlier in history. However, its real connection to Gazi Husrev-beg's place of rest is unclear. His corpse was returned to Sarajevo , where it remains in a tomb in the courtyard of his mosque ( türbe ), next to the smaller one of Murat Bey Tardić , a former Christian prisoner converted to Islam and made his duke and deputy (ćehaja). Gazi Husrev-beg's endowment or Gazi Husrev-begov vakuf (trust or foundation)
150-567: Is based on his three vakufnama ' s (deeds of endowment), the first being issued November 1531, second on January 1537, and the third on November 1537. The three deeds of endowment were also legal basis for the establishment of the institution, the Gazi Husrev-begov Vakuf (or Gazi Husrev-beg's Endowment ), whose primary purpose is to take care of the endowment's properties and support for the endowed established institutions. With it Husrev-beg bequeathed his property and wealth for
175-405: Is dominated by the main dome, topped out only by a simple, yet monumental minaret . The entry side is marked with a portico resting on four wide columns and covered with little domes, only the central one, above the portal , being a bit greater than others, and resting on muqarnas-adorned pendentives, in contrast to others which are laid on simple, plain-surfaced pendentives. The monumental portal
200-469: Is richly decorated with muqarnas, as well as columns' capitals. In his legacy, he stated: " Good deeds drive away evil, and one of the most worthy of good deeds is the act of charity, and the most worthy act of charity is one which lasts forever. Of all charitable deeds, the most beautiful is one that continually renews itself. " During the Siege of Sarajevo , Serbian forces purposely targeted many centers of
225-451: Is unknown, but after some speculations, which even included famous Mimar Sinan as an option, most scholars agreed that Acem Esir Ali "Alaüddin", an Ottoman mimar of Persian ancestry, is the most probable builder. It is still possible that Sinan himself did inspect the work on the spot, since he was in the region at the time. Historical documents testify that Ragusan masons, requested from their government by Gazi Husrev-beg, participated in
250-731: The Akıncıs circled the European knights while the Turkish infantry made a counterfeit retreat after the first assault. Gazi Husrev-beg's forces struggled against a power vacuum in Montenegro after the death of Ottoman ally, islamized Montenegrin lord Skender-beg Crnojević in 1528. In 1541, during an uprising of Montenegro nobility, he set out to protect the Crnojevićs and the local populace. After fighting many battles to maintain order in
275-591: The Baščaršija . The Museum of Gazi Husrev Beg is established in fall 2012 by the Gazi Husrev Beg Waqf (endowment). Most of these building are declared National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Sanjak-bey Sanjak-bey , sanjaq-bey or -beg ( Ottoman Turkish : سنجاق بك ) ( lit. ' lord of
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#1732772842686300-509: The Sanjak of Bosnia in 1521–1525, 1526–1534, and 1536–1541. He was known for his successful conquests and campaigns to further Ottoman expansion into Croatia and Hungary . However, his most important legacy was major contribution to the improvement of the structural development of Sarajevo and its urban area . He ordered and financed construction of many important buildings there, and with his will bequeathed all his wealth into endowment for
325-402: The sanjak-bey was himself directly answerable to Istanbul . Like other early Ottoman administrative offices, the sanjak-bey had a military origin: the term sanjak (and liva ) means "flag" or "standard" and denoted the insigne around which, in times of war, the cavalrymen holding fiefs ( timars or ziamets ) in the specific district gathered. The sanjakbey was in turn subordinate to
350-512: The building process. Gazi Husrev-bey Mosque was the first mosque in the world to receive electricity and electric illumination in 1898 during the period of Austro-Hungarian Empire. The mosque belongs to the type of complex-spaced, multi-domed mosques and it is a represent of the Early Period of Classical Ottoman Architecture (sometimes referred to as Early Istanbul Style). The central rectangular space, framed by high walls and covered with
375-444: The central objects of the educational part of the endowment, Gazi Husrev-bey's bezistan , Morića Han as konak and Tašli Han [ de ] as a caravanserai , Gazi Husrev-bey's Hamam , imaret and musafirhana near clock tower, muvekkithane [ tr ] , šadrvan , hastahana as a hospital, mekteb , Gazi Husrev-begov Hanikah as a Dervish 's monastery with a boarding school, and large number of shops around
400-523: The city's culture, such as museums, libraries, and mosques, and fired on them generally. As the largest and best known, the Beg's mosque was an obvious target. Having suffered a significant amount of destruction, the reconstruction of the Mosque started with foreign - mainly Saudi - aid in 1996, right after the war. The old and faded layer of Austro-Hungarian decoration was removed and, since remains of older, historical layers of decorative painting weren't found,
425-649: The construction and long-term support of religious and educational facilities and institutions, such as the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque , and the Gazi Husrev-begova Medresa complex with a Gazi Husrev-beg Library , also known as Kuršumlija . Gazi Husrev-beg was born in Serres, Greece . His father, Ferhad-beg, was a Bosnian nobleman from Hum (modern-day Herzegovina ), who worked as a high court official. His mother, Selçuk Sultan ,
450-559: The construction of facilities and the establishment of institutions, religious, educational, and public. The first vakufnama from 1531 required the construction of a mosque, humanitarian public kitchen ( imaret ) and guest house ( musafirhana ) and ḫāniqāh . The second issued on 1537 required for the Kuršumlija madrasa to be established and built, and also library to be equipped with books and other publications books purchased. The third from 1537 endowed additional property to support
475-580: The many buildings he ordered to construct in the city , the vakuf of Sarajevo , which was active until the 20th century. Gazi Husrev-beg played a crucial role to overcome the Christian army at the Battle of Mohács . His 10,000 Akıncıs and his irregular cavalry , composed of Turks , Bosnians and Crimean Tatars , served as reserve soldiers in that battle. According to the Ottoman military strategy,
500-483: The mosque and other facilities. The endowment today consists of a number of buildings and institutions built and supported by the Gazi Husrev-begov Vakuf : the Gazi Husrev-bey's Mosque , built in 1531 as the central object of the religious part of the endowment with a clock tower , Husrev-beg's and his turbe 's and other supporting buildings, Gazi Husrev-bey's Madrasa with the Gazi Husrev-bey's Library as
525-525: The near semi-circle shape in level of the semi-dome. This area houses central architectural elements with religious purposes: mihrab , minbar and kursi and, being open to the central space with a huge arch, represents the focal point of the mosque. Two smaller spaces, called tetime (sg. tetima) are located on the left and right sides of the central space, placed furthest from the Kibla side. They are covered by two lower domes resting on pendentives. The exterior
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#1732772842686550-543: The region, although finally victorious, he was killed while fighting Christian rebels in Mokro, a small village in Drobnjaci (present-day Montenegro ). Legend states that he was a big man, so his warriors were unable to carry him, but instead of doing this, they took apart his intestines and buried them on a small hill called Hodžina glavica ( Imam 's Peak). The legend has it that this event gave Drobnjaci their name ( Drob
575-516: The standard ' ) was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a pasha ) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district ( sanjak , in Arabic liwa’ ), hence the equivalent Arabic title of amir liwa ( أمير لواء ’amīr liwā’ ) He was answerable to a superior wāli or another provincial governor. In a few cases
600-441: The towns, quays and ports within the boundary of his sanjak . Within his own sanjak, a governor was responsible above all for maintaining order and, with the cooperation of the fief holders, arresting and punishing wrongdoers. For this, he usually received half of the fines imposed on miscreants, with the fief holder on whose lands the misdeed took place, receiving the other half. Sanjak governors also had other duties, for example,
625-613: Was the daughter of the Sultan Bayezid II , making Gazi Husrev-beg Beyazid II's grandson. In less than three years, he conquered the fortresses of Knin , Skradin and Ostrovica . He was appointed sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia on 15 September 1521, becoming one of Sultan Suleiman I 's most trusted men. A relentless campaign of conquest followed soon; the fortified towns of Greben, Sokol, Jezero, Vinac , Vrbaški Grad, Livač, Kamatin, Bočac , Udbina , Vrana , Modruč, and Požega fell at his hands. He founded, among
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